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1、第一部分,第一、四级作文的评分标准和要求一、考核目的 考核学生用英语进行书面表达的初步能力。二、考核要求：1.时间：30分钟 2.字数：120词以上（120150）3.题型：1）根据给出的段首句续写 2）根据中文提要作文 3）根据图表写作 4）书信写作三、评分原则：1.大学英语考试的目的是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评分应以此要求为准则。2.大学英语考试作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个
2、统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,四、评分标准：1作文题满分为15分。阅卷标准共人为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分-基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。8分-基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错
3、误较多。11分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为某一分数文件次（如8分）相似，即定为（8分）；若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分（9分）或减一分（7分），但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分：,注：1、如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。2、只写一段者：04分，只写两段者：09分（指规定三段的作文）3、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给零分。2.设作文最低分，采用下列成绩计算方法：1）作文分为0分者，总分即使高于60分，一
4、律作不及格处理；2）作文分大于 0 分小于 6 分者，按下 列方式计算成绩：最后报道分=原计算总分 6+作文实得分,五、评分实例Title：An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic AccidentSample 1（2 points）I saw the Traffic Accident in Tianjin Road.The Traffic Accident has been at the morning,May1.Two children by bike went to school.A car is so fast,the streel.And the car
5、 touched two children by bike,and the Traffic Accident has happened.One is touched so far way and the other is put down.Mary people come here,and they sent to two children who go to Hospiton.Wait a time,The ploiemen arriverd in the Accident place.My opiontoin:The car driver is so fast by car,and He
6、didnt attendation to the children by bike aside the road.Two children by bike didnt heared the car come.All of above,I think the car dreiver must be serier the Traffice Accident.Sample 2（5 points）It was 8:00 this morning,I went on my way to school.When I just at the school gate,I saw the terrible tr
7、affic accident happend.A student ride his bike in a high speed,and just when he arrived the school gate,a large truck traveled out of the gate and hit him down.He flied over 3m before his bike hit him on the ground.Surely,the poor boy was hurt very bad.I think there are two reasons for the accident.
8、First,it was just the time we began our first class,the bike rider perhaps did not want to be late,he ride his bike so fast,even didnt low down his speed at the gate.Secend,the truck is too large,and at that time,there were too many people walk through the gate,so the bike driver have no other way t
9、o chose,but to ride in the middle of the road.,Sample 3（8 points）The trafic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways when I was driving my car home at about 4 oclock.The yellow car involed in the accident was running at a high speed along the righ-hand when it happened.Hardly it reac
10、hed the junction when it cracked with a truck running from another direction.There was no time for the drivers to change the directions.I think the accident mostly attributed to such reasons:Firstly and the foremost,it was the carelessness of both of the drivers that mostly made the accidents happen
11、.It was not too careful for them when running a car.Secondly,the weather also should be responsible for it.The fog made the vision of drivers vague.Last but not the least,the constructure of the roads was unreasonable.The trafic lights are needed at any junction.Sample 4（11 points）It was last Friday
12、 morning.The accident happened when I was on my way to school.It was so terrible that I would never forget it.I was walking along the road,and there are not so many cars on the road.Then,with a big sound,the accident happened.The red car stoped suddenly on the road so that the driver of following ca
13、r couldnt respond immiditely.The back of the red car was badly damaged,but fortunately there was no people injured in this accident.I think the main reasons are as follows:First of all,the red car shouldnt stop suddenly without any signals.Secondly,the following car should keep a certain distance fr
14、om the front car so that the driver could have enough time to take measurs when any badly situation.Finally,these two drivers were careless.If they had paid more attention to driving,this accident wouldnt have happened,Sample 5（14 points）It was the morning of April 6th,2003.At about 7:30,I went to s
15、chool by bike as usual.It was a rainy day and the road was slippery.On the way,I noticed a boy riding in front of me,talking loudly with his friends.He didnt wear a raincoat;instead he held an umbrella in one hand,and rode with another hand.As he turned left to Guangming Road,he failed to see a car
16、coming from behind a truck parked on the corner.Suddenly I heard a big noise and saw an umbrella thrown away.The boy was knocked down by the car.I was completely shocked.I think the boys absent-mindedness accounted much for the accident.He was talking all the time and dangerously used an umbrella wh
17、ile riding a bike.The weather also played a role in the tragedy.The third cause was the unproperly parked truck,which was big enough to make the road conditions invisible to the students who were going to make a turn.All these contributed to this accident,第二 四级作文的结构 一、四级作文的段落基本结构：二、全文(议论文)基本结构：,例如:,
18、Key to SuccessIn such a competitive society,everyone has a strong desire to be successful and in his life.But how to achieve success?In my opinion,there are three main keys a clear objective,strong willpower and diligence.First,it is very important to set up a goal before you start.No one can be suc
19、cessful without a goal in his mind.Besides,you need a strong willpower to keep you go ahead.There always are tough stones in every road to success.Whether you can go through it depends on whether you are persistent enough.Last but not least,everyone who wants to succeed should be diligent.There is a
20、nd old saying,“No pains,no gains.”Most successful people owe their success to hard working,such as Einstein.In conclusion,if we want to be successful,we have to master the three main keys mentioned above.There is no shortcut to success.The three keys will assure you to realize your beautiful dream.第
21、三、常见的错误和问题注意方面：1切题 2结构（三段式）3落题快（主题句在每段句首，不要绕圈）4长度（120150字，卷面第二页中间或到三分之二处，不要过多）,语言方面须注意的问题：1题目的大写An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident It Pays to Be Honest How to Succeed in a Job Interview2句子错误1）语态时态不正确I read the passage carefully and several mistakes were found.(语态不一致)I read the passage care
22、fully and found several mistakes.I am very grateful if you could help me with this problem.(时态不一致)I will be very grateful if you could help me with this problem.2）主谓不一致He like playing football very much.He likes playing football very much.3）中式英语My English has made great progress.I have made great pr
23、ogress in English.Work makes me feel satisfied.Work is a source of satisfaction to me.4)结构不完整Although had many difficulties in studying English,I finally passed the exam.Although I had many difficulties in studying English,I finally passed the exam.5）改错：I think there are two reasons for the accident
24、.First,it was just the time we began our first class,the bike rider perhaps did not want to be late,he ride his bike so fast,even didnt low down his speed at the gate.Secend,the truck is too large,and at that time,there were too many people walk through the gate,so the bike driver have no other way
25、to chose,but to ride in the middle of the road.,第一、写作中的常用句式一、开头常用语式(主题段的引入)A proverb saysAs the proverb saysSome people say thatMany people believe thatIt is generally believed thatWe all know that As we all know It is quite clear that Various views exist as to,butThere are many arguments/opinions/v
26、iews aboutThere is much discussion about/attention to It is well known thatIt is said thatIt has been found thatIt is easy to see thatThe pie graph showsA recent survey providesThe chart/graph/table showsNo one can deny that Nowadays,.At present,例1 My View on Animal Communication Many people think t
27、hat animals cannot communicate with each other.In their opinion,they cannot speak or write.However,I hold that they can communicate.The following examples serve as proofs to support my view.例2 1）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。,Brain Drain in ChinaNowadays,one of the most serious problems China is f
28、aced with is brain drain.While shortages of talent trouble many universities and state-owned enterprises,millions of talented people either emigrate to developed countries or work for foreign companies.At the same time,a big crowd of well-educated people who are determined to follow their footsteps
29、take TOEFL or GRE as their passport to the West.练习1 SmokingIt is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health.Scientific researchs show that smoking can lead to heart disease,cancer and other problem.The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least two millio
30、n five-hundred-thousand persons each year.练习2 Health and Life As the saying goes,you dont know what happiness is until you lose it.you dont know what health is until you are ill.“Health is of vital importance to life”sounds like a cliche to everyone,but it is absolutely true.,二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）通常按重要程度
31、排列，我们习惯于先说最重要的，西方人则相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。1表示“首先”first,firstly,first of all,to begin with 在跌降法里用first and foremost 但不可用 at first。2表示“第二”、“此外”“其次”、“况且”second,secondly,and,besides,moreover,additionally,furthermore,whats more,in addition,besides+名词短语，in addition to+名词短语，another+名词短语3表示“最后”finally,last,lastly,但不可
32、用at last 或 in the end。4表示“最重要的是”above all,most important of all，在跌降法里用last but not least 最后但并非最不重要的是。5.表示“更严重的是”、“更糟糕的是”more serious,even worse,to make matter worse6.表示“最为严重的是”、“最糟糕的是”most serious of all,worst of all例如：1）First of all,论据1.More importantly,论据2.Most important of all,论据3.In summary,总结观点
33、.2)The advantages can be listed as follows：First,好处1.Besides,好处2.Most important of all,好处3.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.To begin with,坏处1.To make matter worse,坏处2.Worst of all,坏处3.From the above analysis,I believe 观点.3）For one thing,论据1.For another,论据2.Last but
34、 not the least,论据3.To conclude,总结观点或 From above,we can predict that 预测.4）First of all,论据1。Furthermore,论据2。Among all of the supporting evidences,one is the strongest.That is,论据3。A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。或 From above,we can predict that 预测.,例文,Key to Success In such a
35、 competitive society,everyone has a strong desire to be successful and in his life.But how to achieve success?In my opinion,there are three main keys a clear objective,strong willpower and diligence.First,it is very important to set up a goal before you start.No one can be successful without a goal
36、in his mind.Besides,you need a strong willpower to keep you go ahead.There always are tough stones in every road to success.Whether you can go through it depends on whether you are persistent enough.Last but not least,everyone who wants to suceed should be diligent.There is and old saying,“No pains,
37、no gains.”Most successful people owe their success to hard working,such as Einstein.In conclusion,if we want to be successful,we have to master the three main keys mentioned above.There is no shortcut to success.The three keys will assure you to realize your beautiful dream.练习：Advertisement 1）广告给人们带
38、来的益处。2）广告给人们带来的烦恼。Advertisement can be a service to people.First,it is informative,and can help people buy and sell goods.Second,it can widen peoples knowledge,and make people more experienced.Lastly,people can enjoy themselves through those programs which advertisements have been put into.Some adve
39、rtisements,however,are not very useful to people,sometimes even harmful.An advertisement like this,for example,may put thousands of women and girls into trouble.Disillusioned with life,love,marriage?You need help.Phone me.And the Savior gives his phone number to his sheep.,5其他词语或句式：1）用于强调：after all,
40、any way,in fact,indeed,apparently,clearly,obviously,especially,2）用于对比：however,on one hand,on the other hand,in contrast,by contrast,on the contrary,while,whereas,instead,but,different from,3）用于比较：similarly,likewise,like,in the same way,4）用于列举：for example,for instance,such as,takefor granted,except(f
41、or)5）表示时间：later,then,next,finally,at last,eventually,meanwhile,after that,from now on,at the same time,for the time being,after some time,in the end,immediately,in the meantime,recently,soon,now and then,during,nowadays,presently,since,as soon as,afterwards,some time later,temporally,in the meanwhil
42、e,after a while,6）用于解释：in other words,as a matter of fact,that is,7)用于让步：although,in spite of,despite,even though,even if,though,no matter how8)用于结果：consequently,thus,as a result,as a consequence,hence,so,therefore,accordingly9)其他：not onlybut also,as far as I am concerned,when it comes to,in practic
43、e,in principle,another key aspect ofis,it is true that,what is more serious is,there is no doubt that,but it is a pity that,but the trouble/problem/point is 例1 Brain Drain in China(接开头)1）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。However,people see this phenomenon in different perspectives.Some hold the opinio
44、n that China suffers a lot from brain drain.They argue,on the one hand,that brain drain considerably weakens our international competitiveness.On the other hand,they believe that the talent should serve their native country first.In contrast,others highlight the advantages of international exchange
45、and cooperation.They claim that Chinese youths should go abroad to study and gain more experience.Whats more,the long-term benefits will outweigh losses we suffer now.,练习1 Computer1)计算机的广泛应用2)计算机给人们的帮助3)计算机带来的问题（无示范）4）我的看法（无示范）The computer is widely used in all fields of society.Today,wherever you g
46、o,you will find computers being used.For example,computers are used in universities,large corporations,and small offices,etc.It has even entered the homes of ordinary people.As it is able to store and process a large amount of information,the computer bring about great convenience and high efficienc
47、y to people of all walks of life.Computers can help people in different ways.For example,computer help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation.For another example,computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane,or a spaceship.Besides,computers may also play a great rol
48、e in helping children with their lesson.Whatever you are doing,you many find computer a useful aid.,三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）1表示“总之”、“总而言之”、“简言之”in conclusion,in summary,to conclude,to summarize,to sum up,in short,in brief,in a word,on the whole2“综上所述”from the foregoing,from what has been discussed above,fro
49、m what has been mentioned above,from the above analysisObviously（此为过渡短语）,we can draw the conclusion thatThus,it can be concluded that,Therefore,we can find thatObviously,it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.Accordingly,I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently,t
50、o solve the problem,some measures should be taken.例1 Vacation,Long or ShortOne the whole,either long or short vacation has its advantages and disadvantages.What matters is how to make use of it.例2Good Health1身体健康的重要性。2保持健康的途径。3我自己的实践。As for me,I like playing tennis in the morning.I also attach much
