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1、正文,主编,1.Frame,2.Engines3.Computer4.Fuel5.Electrical6.Cooling7.Exhaust8.Drive9.Suspension,1.Components,2.Four-Stroke2.1Intake Stroke2.2Compression Stroke2.3Power Stroke2.4Exhaust Stroke3.1Oiling System3.2Engine Cooling3.3Valve trains2.1Fuel Delivery System2.2Air Induction System,2.3Sensor System2.4Co
2、mputer Control System2.1Contact Point Ignition System2.2Electronic Ignition System2.3Distributorless Ignition System2.1Manual Transmisson2.2Automatic Transmisson3.1Slip Joint3.2Universal Joints4.1The Final Drive,4.2Differential1.1Context1.2Public Transport Options2.1Features of Light Rail2.2Advantag
3、es of Light Rail2.3The Emergence of Light Rail3.1Some General Statistics3.2Types of Accident3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex2.1Highway Functions,2.2Two-lane Highway2.3Multilane Highway2.4Constituent Elements of Highway3.1Subcomponents of a Freeway3.2Freeway Capacity3.3The Perfect Freeway for Maximum
4、 Flow3.4Freeway Performance Measures4.1Volume4.2Speed4.3Density,Fig.1.1General location of the major vehicle systems,1.Frame,Fig.1.2Chassis of a car,2.Engines,3.Computer,4.Fuel,5.Electrical,6.Cooling,7.Exhaust,8.Drive,Fig.1.3Drive train components,9.Suspension,1.Components,Fig.2.1Engine components,2
5、.Four-Stroke,Fig.2.2Piston stroke,2.1Intake Stroke,2.2Compression Stroke,2.3Power Stroke,2.4Exhaust Stroke,3.Engines,2.4Exhaust Stroke,Fig.2.3Four stroke cycle principle of operationa)Intake strokeb)Compression strokec)Power stroked)Exhaust stroke,3.Engines,3.1Oiling System,3.2Engine Cooling,3.3Valv
6、e trains,(1)理解过程：理解原文，应从整体出发。(2)表达过程：表达是用汉语把已经理解的原文的思想内容重新表达出来。1.Gasoline2.Electronic,3.3Valve trains,Fig.2.4Valve train system,(1)理解过程：理解原文，应从整体出发。,(2)表达过程：表达是用汉语把已经理解的原文的思想内容重新表达出来。,Fig.3.1Fuel injection system,schematic,1.Gasoline,Fig.3.2Gasoline injection system,2.Electronic,2.1Fuel Delivery Sys
7、tem,Fig.3.3Configuration of an electronic fuel injector,2.2Air Induction System,Fig.3.4Configuration of an air induction system,2.3Sensor System,2.4Computer Control System,3.Diesel1.Basic2.Typical,2.4Computer Control System,Fig.3.5Sensors feed information to the control module,3.Diesel,The truck is
8、capable of towing a trailer with a total weight of 4.5 tons on good roads.,3.Diesel,Fig.3.6Diesel injection system,The truck is capable of towing a trailer with a total weight of 4.5 tons on good roads.,1.Basic,Fig.4.1Basic ignition system configuration,1.Basic,Fig.4.2Two major sections of an igniti
9、on systema)Primary circuitb)Secondary circuit,2.Typical,2.1Contact Point Ignition System,2.2Electronic Ignition System,Fig.4.3Simplified electronic ignition system,2.3Distributorless Ignition System,The airplane landed at the airport here at 10 oclock last night.1.Clutch2.Transmisson,2.3Distributorl
10、ess Ignition System,Fig.4.4Distributorless ignition system,The airplane landed at the airport here at 10 oclock last night.,Fig.5.1Drive train,1.Clutch,Fig.5.2Action of clutch,1.Clutch,Fig.5.3Diaphram spring clutch,2.Transmisson,2.1Manual Transmisson,Fig.5.4Basic principle of manual transmisson,2.2A
11、utomatic Transmisson,3.The,3.The,Fig.5.5Propeller shaft of a truck,3.1Slip Joint,3.2Universal Joints,4.The,4.The,4.1The Final Drive,Fig.5.6Rear drive axle assembly,4.2Differential,A fuel is a material that will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.1.Fundamental2.Planetary3.Clutch4.Torqu
12、e5.Hydraulic6.Oil7.Valve1.The2.Front,4.2Differential,1.Drum2.Disc3.Anti-lock1.Production,2.Legislation1.Raw2.Energy3.Conclusions1.The2.Design3.Production,4.2Differential,4.Suppliers5.Packaging6.Distribution7.Price8.Use9.Disposal1.Introduction,4.2Differential,Fig.5.7Action of a differential,A fuel is
13、 a material that will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.,1.Fundamental,Fig.6.1Basic parts of an automatic transmission,2.Planetary,Fig.6.2Simplified planetary gearsets,3.Clutch,4.Torque,Fig.6.3Major Parts of Torque converter,5.Hydraulic,6.Oil,7.Valve,They said that they would check u
14、p and repair these machines.,They said that they would check up and repair these machines.,1.The,Fig.7.1Steering system,1.The,Fig.7.2An integral power steering system,2.Front,At that moment the sport car was running at full speed.They will be installing the machine when you get there tomorrow.,2.Fro
15、nt,Fig.7.3Caster,2.Front,Fig.7.5Steering axis inclination,At that moment the sport car was running at full speed.,They will be installing the machine when you get there tomorrow.,1.Drum,Fig.8.1Drum brake,1.Drum,Fig.8.2The principal parts of the brake hydraulic system,2.Disc,Fig.8.3Disc brake,3.Anti-
16、lock,Before the internal combustion engine was invented,the steam engine had been the source of mechanical power.When you come back next week,the experiment will have come to a new stage.Important research in that area had been going on in our university before 1998.,3.Anti-lock,Fig.8.4Parts of an a
17、nti-lock brake system(ABS),Before the internal combustion engine was invented,the steam engine had been the source of mechanical power.,When you come back next week,the experiment will have come to a new stage.,表格,Important research in that area had been going on in our university before 1998.,1.Pro
18、duction,表格,2.Legislation,A trouble-free engine can be started with ease.,2.Legislation,Fig.10.1Introduction of low-emissionvehicles(LEV)in California TLEV-transitionallow-emission vehicles ULEV-ultra-low-emissionvehicles ZEV-zero-emission vehicles,A trouble-free engine can be started with ease.,1.Ra
19、w,表格,2.Energy,3.Conclusions,(1)不改动主语，但改动谓语的结构；(2)把主语译为宾语；(3)译成无人称句或不定人称句等。,(1)不改动主语，但改动谓语的结构；,The discovery is highly appreciated in the field of science.,The discovery is highly appreciated in the field of science.,(2)把主语译为宾语；,During operation good lubrication of the bearing should be cared,During
20、operation good lubrication of the bearing should be cared,(3)译成无人称句或不定人称句等。,The car is then driven out of the factory,ready for shipping.The finished products must be carefully inspected before delivery.,The car is then driven out of the factory,ready for shipping.,表格,表格,表格,表格,The car is then driven
21、 out of the factory,ready for shipping.,Fig.12.1Total transportenergy consumption by sector,The car is then driven out of the factory,ready for shipping.,Fig.12.2Total consumption by sector,The car is then driven out of the factory,ready for shipping.,表格,The finished products must be carefully inspe
22、cted before delivery.,Fig.13.1Environmental product considerations,1.The,2.Design,3.Production,4.Suppliers,5.Packaging,6.Distribution,7.Price,8.Use,9.Disposal,Nobody knew the composition of this assembly before now.,Nobody knew the composition of this assembly before now.,1.Introduction,1.1Context,1
23、.2Public Transport Options,2.The,2.The,2.1Features of Light Rail,2.2Advantages of Light Rail,2.3The Emergence of Light Rail,He does not have much experience in repairing of ABS.1.Classification2.International3.The,He does not have much experience in repairing of ABS.,1.Classification,(1)Slight injur
24、y.An injury of a minor character such as a sprain,bruise or a cut or laceration not judged to be severe.(2)Serious injury.An injury for which a person is detained in hospital as an in-patient,or any of the following injuries regardless of whether he is detained in hospital:fractures,concussion,inter
25、nal injuries,crushings,severe cuts and lacerations,severe general shock requiring medical treatment.(3)Death.Death within 30 days.,(1)Slight injury.An injury of a minor character such as a sprain,bruise or a cut or laceration not judged to be severe.,(2)Serious injury.An injury for which a person is
26、 detained in hospital as an in-patient,or any of the following injuries regardless of whether he is detained in hospital:fractures,concussion,internal injuries,crushings,severe cuts and lacerations,severe general shock requiring medical treatment.,(3)Death.Death within 30 days.,2.International,Fig.1
27、5.1Relation between number of deaths per 100000 population andnumber of registered vehicles per 1000 population,2.International,表格,3.The,3.1Some General Statistics,3.2Types of Accident,表格,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,This equation is far from being complicated.1.Age2.Medical3.Reaction4.Alcohol5.
28、Attitudes6.Accident1.Road2.Shoulders3.Horizontal4.Vertical,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,5.The1.General2.Oversteer3.Understeer4.Tyre/Road5.Friction6.Wet7.Peak8.Road9.Tyre1.Braking,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,2.Loss3.Anti-locking4.Effect5.Rigid6.Articulated7.Load-sensing1.General2.The3.Mass4.
29、Energy1.Speed,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,2.Speed3.Speed1.Fuel2.Fuel3.Fuel4.Fuel1.Quality2.Establishing1.Length2.Width3.Height,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,1.Brakes2.Tyres3.Windscreen4.View5.Mirrors6.Speedometer7.Fuel8.Power-to-Weight9.Seat1.Types2.Test,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,3.Te
30、st4.Test5.The6.Items1.2.3.Seat4.5.Smoke6.Road7.Size,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,8.Condition9.Sideguards,10.Spare11.Tractor12.Trailer13.Trailer14.Spray15.Cab16.Cab17.Cab18.Driving,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,19.Security20.Condition21.22.Mirrors23.View24.Glass25.Windscreen26.Speedometer27.Au
31、dible28.Driving29.Tachograph,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,30.Play31.Steering32.Steering33.34.Pressure/vacuum35.Build-up36.Lever37.Service38.Service39.Hand-operated40.,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,41.Condition42.Electrical43.Engine44.Oil45.Fuel46.Exhaust47.48.Suspension49.Suspension50.Attachm
32、ent51.Shock,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,52.53.Axles,54.Steering55.Steering56.Power57.Transmission58.59.Mechanical60.Brake61.Braking62.Rear,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,63.Front64.Rear65.Reflectors66.Direction67.Aim68.Headlamps69.Stop70.Trailer71.Service72.Secondary73.Parking,3.3Casualty Rat
33、es by Age and Sex,74.75.1.Definitions2.What3.Transportation1.Highways2.Urban3.Air4.Rail5.Water6.Pipelines,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,7.Other1.Highway2.Highway,3.3Casualty Rates by Age and Sex,Fig.15.2Casualties and fatalities for age and sex,This equation is far from being complicated.,1.Age,2
34、.Medical,3.Reaction,4.Alcohol,Fig.16.1Accident risk and blood alcohol content in drivers,5.Attitudes,6.Accident,Bearings should not be unboxed or unwrapped until the moment for fitting.,Bearings should not be unboxed or unwrapped until the moment for fitting.,1.Road,2.Shoulders,3.Horizontal,4.Vertic
35、al,5.The,(1)The radius of curvature of both the entry to and exit from the major road for left turning vehicles should be adequate,so that vehicles are not compelled to slow down excessively,although the resulting angle at which a vehicle enters the main road should not be great enough to make it di
36、fficult for the driver to see vehicles with which he is merging on the main road9.Guide islands either raised or marked on the carriageway may be used to channel cars to the turns.(2)Visibility,mainly from the minor road,at junctions can be improved:,5.The,(3)The reduction of conflicts.Conflicts ari
37、se when one stream of traffic crosses or merges with another,and within a single traffic stream when a vehicle suddenly slows down and may be struck by a following vehicle.,5.The,Fig.17.1Left-and right-handsplays at three-way junctions,5.The,Fig.17.2Two types of staggered crossroads,(1)The radius of
38、 curvature of both the entry to and exit from the major road for left turning vehicles should be adequate,so that vehicles are not compelled to slow down excessively,although the resulting angle at which a vehicle enters the main road should not be great enough to make it difficult for the driver to
39、 see vehicles with which he is merging on the main road9.Guide islands either raised or marked on the carriageway may be used to channel cars to the turns.,(2)Visibility,mainly from the minor road,at junctions can be improved:,Fig.17.3Slightlyoffset crossroads,(3)The reduction of conflicts.Conflicts
40、 arise when one stream of traffic crosses or merges with another,and within a single traffic stream when a vehicle suddenly slows down and may be struck by a following vehicle.,Dont forget opening the switch.,(3)The reduction of conflicts.Conflicts arise when one stream of traffic crosses or merges
41、with another,and within a single traffic stream when a vehicle suddenly slows down and may be struck by a following vehicle.,Fig.17.4Methods of reducing conflicts at staggered crossroads,Dont forget opening the switch.,1.General,(1)The stiffness of the tyres in the sideways direction,and therefore t
42、he sideways creep of the wheel when a side force is applied.(2)The position of the centre of gravity.(3)The moment of inertia of the vehicle about the vertical axis through the center of gravity(the moment in yaw).(4)The roll moment of inertia.,(1)The stiffness of the tyres in the sideways direction
43、,and therefore the sideways creep of the wheel when a side force is applied.,(2)The position of the centre of gravity.,(3)The moment of inertia of the vehicle about the vertical axis through the center of gravity(the moment in yaw).,(4)The roll moment of inertia.,2.Oversteer,3.Understeer,4.Tyre/Road
44、,表格,5.Friction,6.Wet,7.Peak,8.Road,9.Tyre,Whatever he should say,I will not change my opinion.I can not tell you whether it would be true.,Whatever he should say,I will not change my opinion.,I can not tell you whether it would be true.,1.Braking,Fig.19.1Braking distances for cars,commercial vehicle
45、s and motorcycles,2.Loss,3.Anti-locking,4.Effect,5.Rigid,6.Articulated,(1)At the trailer.This is the less common mode.The trailer wheels lock and the trailer may swing out,since those wheels can exert very little sideways force.This is most likely to occur when the vehicle is braked and steered on a
46、 curved path at same time.(2)At the tractor.This is the more usual mode,and the one which may result in jack-knifing,(1)At the trailer.This is the less common mode.The trailer wheels lock and the trailer may swing out,since those wheels can exert very little sideways force.This is most likely to occ
47、ur when the vehicle is braked and steered on a curved path at same time.,(2)At the tractor.This is the more usual mode,and the one which may result in jack-knifing,7.Load-sensing,If I were you,I should read the instructions carefully first.,If I were you,I should read the instructions carefully firs
48、t.,1.General,2.The,3.Mass,Fig.20.1Variation of velocity change with mass ratio,4.Energy,If you had known the fundamental laws,you would have come to the correct conclusion.(1)Limits applying to particular roads.(2)Limits applying to particular classes of vehicle(including limits imposed by the manda
49、tory fitment of speed limiter devices).(3)Temporary speed limits introduced for special reasons such as in potentially hazardous situations and in times of fuel shortages.,If you had known the fundamental laws,you would have come to the correct conclusion.,(1)Limits applying to particular roads.,(2)
50、Limits applying to particular classes of vehicle(including limits imposed by the mandatory fitment of speed limiter devices).,(3)Temporary speed limits introduced for special reasons such as in potentially hazardous situations and in times of fuel shortages.,1.Speed,2.Speed,表格,3.Speed,If green plant
