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1、农网智能化配电台区建设初探张春喜，李朝阳（新安县电业公司，河南 新安 471800）摘 要：通过智能化配电台区试点中的“四新”应用，分析智能化建设中“信息化、自动化、互动化”的应用前景和现实意义，指出实践和推进智能化配电台区建设对于提升农电管理水平意义重大。关键词：智能化 配电台区 农电管理2010年以来，在国网公司建设智能化电网的战略思想指导下，新安县电业公司根据河南省新农村电气建设规范，不断探索新农村配电台区建设中的四新应用，先后在铁门镇沟头二号台区、城关镇黑山沟三号台区等六个台区，开展智能化配电台区试点建设取得一定成效，现将有关情况阐述如下。 1智能化配电台区“三化”的实现智能化配电台区
2、以信息化、自动化、互动化（三化）为特征，它通过智能配变终端实现配电台区信息采集和综合管理。为实现以上功能，公司在建设中采用以下新技术、新产品、新材料、新工艺（四新）。1.1 剩余电流动作保护器远程管理系统远程管理系统终端以微处理器为核心，应用GSM移动通讯技术，对剩余电流动作保护器进行监测和管理。终端具有LCD显示、自动监测、实时时钟、故障告警（记录）等功能。TMKZ-1终端可监测四台剩余电流动作保护器，当保护器状态变化时，终端自动向供电所的监控计算机或管理人员手机发送告警信息。终端具备四遥功能，供电所监控计算机或管理员手机可远程控制剩余电流动作保护器的分合闸；远程读取保护器的漏电电流、三相电
3、流值, 并统计每日（月）极值及发生时刻；远程读取保护器工作状态, 统计日（月）保护器跳闸次数；远程设置保护器的漏电动作值。1.2 多功能网络计量系统1.2.1 配变远集抄系统配变远抄是利用GPRS或光纤通道将计量信息采集到公司主站的用户自动抄表（AMR）系统。该系统每30分钟将有功、无功、电流、电压、功率因数等参数上传一次，定时采集用户电量日冻结表码。通过应用该系统可以达到适时线损计算、计量故障分析、防窃电、三相不平衡分析、配变容载比计算等功能。户表根据使用条件，采用载波表、预付费磁卡表、红外线多功能电表三种形式。居民户表首选载波表，能够较方便的实现远程集抄与预付费系统为一体，达到真正意义上的
4、网络预付费功能。1.2.1 计量表箱配变采用JLFQX型进口聚碳酸酯注塑成型全透明的计量表箱，绝缘、阻燃安全性好，上盖与底座推拉结构，易操作、安装方便。该表箱将电流互感器、低压出线柱封闭于一体，箱体与变压器处锁固定，锁具或铅封选择使用起到防窃保护作用。户表集表箱也采用工程塑料聚碳酸酯材料，具有绝缘性能高、透明性能好、抗紫外线、耐老化、耐酸雨、抗冲击等性能，并有良好的通风、防雨、散热功能。1.3 非晶合金配变由于非晶合金具有软磁物理特性，磁滞回线的面积狭窄，只需很小的磁化功率，所以用非晶合金材料的配变空载损耗很小，与S9配变相比，空载损耗下降74-77%，负载损耗相近。配变无功集中补偿装置采用具
5、有功率因数和电压综合控制的自动装置，实现分相分组无触点自动投切，补偿容量使高峰负荷功率因数达到0.9以上。1.4架空绝缘导线架空型绝缘线有效规避树线矛盾、防外力破坏、减少相间短路及接地事故，并可减少线间距离、降低支持件绝缘要求，提高同杆架设线路的回路数。低压干线导线截面150平方毫米，低压干线装设分段开关兼做增加配变布点的联络开关，为逐步实现有备用接线方式（供电安全-）做好准备。低压分支线截面70平方毫米。1.5可投切式氧化锌避雷器可投切式硅橡胶绝缘氧化锌避雷器可以在不停电的状态下拆装避雷器进行预防性试验，操作安全、使用方便。同时，由于外套采用硅橡胶及环氧树脂等有机材料，可防止像瓷套避雷器发生
6、的恶性爆炸事故。2 智能化配电台区创新体现2.1 管理创新在以往的农电台区管理中，故障发生后存在 “发现上报了解处理”的过程，造成处理故障滞后。通过智能化台区建设，管理者能够通过网络适时了解配电台区运行信息，发生运行故障及时得到处理，有效地提高了供电安全性。2.2观念创新通过智能化配电台区建设试点，农电四新观念已经深入人心，提高了公司科技创新的意识，对今后电网建设有了良好的示范引领作用。通过各种预付费电表的安装，创新了用户“明白缴费，缴费明白”的观念。2.3机制创新智能化配电台区建设后，各种运行信息实现信息化、自动化。抄表工作由计量中心根据远程集抄系统去完成，避免了人工错、漏抄的现象。进而根据
7、抄表数据和用电性质由营销管理人员完成电费核算，再由电费回收人员完成电费回收，真正使抄表、核算、收费三者分开，实现了管理机制的创新。台区信息的及时性、数据的准确性、管理的精细性，对提高农电管理水平的根本性转变有很大的助推作用。3效益分析及结论3.1 效益分析以铁门镇沟头二号配电台区为例，该台区每月供电量为25000多千瓦时，建设前低压线损为9.8%，建设后线损降到3.04%，降低6.76%，每月可节约用电1690千瓦时，每年可节约电量20280千瓦时，折合人民币11356元(按每度电0.56元)。另，缩短故障停电时间可增加一定的供电量。新安县现有两千多台配变，假使都能建成智能化配电台区，将产生巨
8、大的经济效益。3.2 结论智能化配电台区建设有效地保证了台区安全稳定运行，降低了台区低压线损。同时使配电台区具备“三化”，为农村低压电网智能化、管理科学化、资源节约化起到至关重要的作用，实践和推进智能化配电台区建设对于提升农电管理水平，建设资源节约型社会意义重大。 通讯地址：471800 河南省新安县新城区北京路口 新安县电业公司 李朝阳联系方式：李朝阳 13837917881二一一年九月二十日Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CN
9、N for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also mis
10、sed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race ha
11、s renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the Ne
12、w Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there 待添加的隐藏文字内容2Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work
13、glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a jo
14、urnalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pai
15、n when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic
16、skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could
17、happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmo
18、sphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer
19、 (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympi
20、c diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver pre
21、ps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes to
22、o fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute success
23、fully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute
24、is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
