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1、变压器在线故障监测可行性分析摘 要 本文根据现场实际工作经验，针对干式变压器的缺陷设计，提出了干式变压器的在线故障监测解决方案的可行性分析，为干式变压 器在实际生产中故障排除提供帮助，为干式变压器设计和安全运行提供新的思路。关键词 干式变压器；故障；在线监测；分析干式变压器在煤矿井下的应用非常普遍，可分为固定式和移动式 两种供电方式，其外形各有不同，结构设计大同小异。本文以KBSGZY- - - 10/630- - - 1.14 移动变压器的结构为例，针对干式变压器保护在设计中的缺陷进行创新的思路进行分析，提出解决方案，可为 今后我国在干式变压器的安全运行应和在线故障监测提供帮助。1 现状结构
2、介绍1.1 干式变压器结构介绍国投煤炭郑州能源有限公司教学三矿使用的移动变压器型号为： KBSGZY- 630/10- 1.14，生产厂家为中国电光防爆设备有限公司产品。 其变压器结构由高压负荷开关，干式变压器和低压保护箱、配电箱三部 分组成。箱体采用钢板焊制而成，箱体两侧面采用瓦楞状钢板结构，箱 体和箱盖，箱盖与高低压开关之间均有隔爆接合面。隔爆型高压电缆接 线腔，设在隔爆箱体上部，左右各设有电缆引入装置。一个供电缆进线 用，另一个供出线并联用。箱体为长方形，中间隔板将整个箱体隔成三 个防爆腔室。上腔接线腔左右两侧有一只高压电缆引入装置，上腔隔离 开关腔内装有一只刀闸隔离开关，下腔装有信号取
3、样单元和真空断路 器，断路器由左右两根导条导入，并能够在两根导条内部固定断路器。 箱体右侧板上设有隔离开关分合闸手柄，断路器机械合闸手柄，机械闭 锁装置等。1.2 变压器保护部分介绍由于变压器的高低压保护装置的控制部分设计在高压端和低压保护箱内安装，检测方式是通过采取电压信号和流过电流互感器的电流信 号进行判断故障的现象。主控线路存在 2 个盲区。盲区 1：为高压侧接线端及其连线，范围由变压器高压接线头，高 压接线绝缘座以及高压端断路器电流互感器上段；盲区 2：低压侧由变压器末端出线、连线、接线绝缘座、电流互感 器连接导线以上部分。2 结构设计缺陷分析 由于移动变压器设计都是由高压负荷开关，干
4、式变压器和低压保护箱、配电箱三部分组成，保护部分分别位于变压器两端头，变压器与 两端头的通电连接通过耐绝缘的接线端子和铜接线柱来完成，在铜接线 柱与高低压连线用软铜带进行连接，电流互感器位于软铜带之上。此种 设计方式，保护存在缺陷有两种情况：1） 在变压器的内部接线端子与接线柱接触不良起热时，造成的接 线端子绝缘损坏，不容易发现，变压器的温度监控变化不大，温度保护 不会动作，容易造成事故。2） 变压器保护采用的信号采集只能对电流互感器以下供电情况经 行监控，对电流互感器以上部分的检测失去作用。当低压接线柱或低压 侧电流互感器以上铜带发生间歇式漏电和长时间过负荷造成的绝缘损坏 故障失去作用。3
5、解决方案的可行性分析3.1 接线端子接触不良起热的解决方案分析由于变压器的接线端位于变压器的结合面之间，在干式变压器的 两端，结合面全部螺丝结构，经常性打开检修很困难。而移动式变压器在煤矿多大都是在生产采区，生产任务比较重，安装于采区的巷道中， 运行时间长，检修空间受到限制。本文根据公司现场变压器的存在的问 题，提出解决方案如下：现有结构不发生变化，在变压器壳体上部设置一个通气空，在通 气孔上安装瓦斯监测装置。瓦斯监测装置利用和煤矿的监控系统连接， 实现变压器运行的在线监控，为巡检人员提供参考依据。由于变压器运 行是封闭状态，在正常状态下，没有瓦斯气体的产生。一旦在变压器内 部或接线柱发生故障
6、发热时，就会伴随瓦斯气体的产生，安装于变压器 上部的瓦斯探头开始报警，提示维护人员进行检修。在变压器底部一端 头设置放水孔，变压器在安装时有意使变压器设置放水端的低于另一 端，变压器一旦发生起热现象，或多或少就会有气化部分，产生的气体 沉淀，通过放水孔判断变压器内部是否有故障现象存在。3.2 变压器接线柱或导线间歇放电故障的解决方案分析由于高压间歇式放电故障虽小，但是很易使变压器保护动作。由 于移动变压器高压侧接线柱放电，由移动变压器自身的高压保护和保护 移动变压器的上一级高爆开关来实现。低压侧接线柱间歇式轻微放电， 就不能起到保护作用。由于低压侧接线柱位于电流互感器之上，放电点 的电流很小，
7、经过变压器变压后，作于与变压器高压侧不能使高压侧的 保护动作。所以本文提出解决方案如下：合理选择变压器的低压侧的馈出线开关，在实现移动变压器保护与低压馈电开关保护的有效配合，使馈电开关的保护实现电源侧和负荷 侧的漏电保护，及时处理检查，实现低压侧的安全运行。国投能源开发有限公司教学三矿移动变电站生产厂家为中国电光防爆有限公司，低压馈电开关选择为济源华宇电器有限公司的防爆开关，对华宇低压的漏电检测方式进行改造，改变漏电开关的检测电流方 向，使用效果良好。4 效果的可行性分析 此种思路属于创新性的思考，对设备的结构影响不大，能够为干式变压器和移动变压器的故障及时诊断，对设备的安全运行增加一层保 障
8、，简单可行，具有较强的推广价值。5 结语 本文干式变压器在线故障监测可行性分析，思路明确，简单实用，能够对我国现有的干式变压器和移动变电站结构设计受到启发，有一定 的科学依据，具有较强的使用价值。参考文献1 中国电光防爆有限公司说明书. 2 电器工程及其自动化控制. Analysis of transformer on-line fault monitoring feasibilityAbstract：in this paper,according topractical experience,according to the defect of dry-type transformer de
9、sign,put forward the dry-type transformer fault monitoring solutions feasibility analysis,for the dry-type transformerinactual production trouble shooting help,for dry-type transformer design and safe operation and provide anewtrain of thought. Keywords：dry-type；transformer；fault；on-linemonitoring；a
10、nalysisDry-type transformer is widespread application in the coal mine, can be divided into two kinds of fixed and mobile power supply, its shape is different, the same structure design. In this paperKBSGZY- 10/630- 1.14 mobile transformer structure as an example, the dry type transformerThe defect
11、in the design of the protection for innovative ideas for analysis, put forward the solution, for our country in the future in the safe operation of dry-type transformers and on-line fault monitoring to help.Introduces 1 current structure.1.1 dry transformer structureMobile transformer type SDIC coal
12、 Zhengzhou energy limited teaching three mine use : KBSGZY- 630/10- 1.14, manufacturers as China Dianguang explosion-proof equipment Co., Ltd. products. The transformer structure consists of a high-voltage load switch, dry-type transformer and low voltage protection box, distribution box three parts
13、. Box is made of welded steel plate and the two side, box is made of corrugated steel plate structure, a box body and a box cover, a box cover and are between high and low voltage switch flameproof joint. Flame-proof type high voltage cable wiring cavity in the upper part of the box body, flameproof
14、, each equipped with cable introducing device. For a cable into the line, another line parallel with. The box is a rectangular, the middle partition of the whole body is divided into three explosion-proof chamber. On the left and right cavity wiring cavity has a high voltage cable introducing device
15、, cavity isolation switch chamber is equipped with a knife switch, isolating switch, inferior vena fitted with signal sampling unit and vacuum circuit breaker, the breaker is composed of two guide introduction, and can guide the internal fixation of circuit breaker in two. The right side of the box
16、plate is provided with a switching handle isolating switch, circuit breaker switch lever, mechanical locking device.The 1.2 part introduces the transformer protectionBecause of the high and low voltage protection of transformer control part of the design of device in the high-pressure and low-pressu
17、re.Protecting box installation, detection is to judge the fault phenomenon through the voltage signal and current transformer current signal. The main control circuit 2 blind.Blind spot 1: high-pressure side terminal and connection, ranging from transformer HV, high voltage wiring insulation base an
18、d high voltage circuit breaker current transformer upper;Zone 2: low voltage side of transformer, wire, wire from terminal wiring insulation seat, current transformer connection wires above part.2 structural design defect analysis because mobile transformer design is by the high voltage load switch,
19、 dry-type transformer and low voltage protectionProtecting box, distribution box is composed of three parts, the protection part respectively at the two ends are energized transformer, transformer and the two ends are connected through insulation resistance of the terminal and copper wiring column t
20、o complete, in the copper wiring column with high and low pressure lines with soft copper connections, current transformer in the soft copper strip. The design manner, protect the defects in two cases:1 ) in the transformer internal wiring terminal and terminal contact heat, insulation caused damage
21、 to the wiring terminal, not easy to find little change, temperature monitoring of transformer, temperature protection not action, easy to cause an accident.2 ) transformer protection using the signal acquisition can only on the current transformer power supply by the following monitoring, lost the
22、role of detecting current transformer part above. When the low voltage terminals or low pressure side of the current mutual inductor above copper occurrence of intermittent leakage and long time overload caused by insulation damage fault out of action.Feasibility analysis of 3 solutionsThe 3.1 wirin
23、g terminal contact on solution heat analysisThe combination between surface transformer terminal is located at both ends of the transformer, dry-type transformer, with all the screw structure, often open the maintenance very difficult. While mobile transformer in coal mine are mostly in the producti
24、on area, production tasks are relatively heavy, installed in the mining area of roadway maintenance, long operation time, space constraints. In this paper, according to the company on-site transformer problems, proposed solutions are as follows:The existing structure does not change, set up a vent i
25、n the upper part of the shell is installed transformer, gas monitoring device in the vent. Connect the gas monitoring device and monitoring system used in coal mine, realizes the on-line monitoring of transformer operation, provides the reference for the inspection personnel. Because the transformer
26、 operation is closed, in the normal state, no gas. Once in the transformer internal or terminal malfunction fever, will produce with gas, gas probe is arranged at the upper part of the transformer to alarm, prompt maintenance personnel for maintenance. Set the drain hole in the bottom of the transfo
27、rmer end, transformer installation intended to transformer below the set discharge end and the other end of the transformer, once the hot phenomenon, more or less will have gasification, gas produced by precipitation, drainage hole to judge whether the transformer internal fault phenomenon.Analysis
28、of solution 3.2 transformer terminal or lead intermittent discharge faultBecause the discharge fault high-pressure batch is small, but it is easy to make the transformer protection action. Due to the high side of mobile transformer wiring column discharge, high pressure protection by mobile transfor
29、mer itself and the protection of mobile transformer on a high explosive switch to realize. Low pressure side of the terminal intermittent slight discharge, can not play a protective role. Because of low pressure side of the terminal is located above the current transformer, current discharge point i
30、s very small, the transformer, as to not with high voltage side of transformer protection action on high voltage side. So this paper proposes the following solutions:The reasonable selection of transformer low-voltage side of feeder switch, in the implementation of mobile transformer protectionEffec
31、tive coordination with low-voltage feed switch protection, leakage protection switch to protect the supply side and load side, the timely processing of inspection, the safe operation of low voltage side.Guotou Energy Development Co., teaching three mine mobile substation for Chinese manufacturers el
32、ectro-opticalLtd, low-voltage feed switch select explosion-proof as Jiyuan Huayu Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. to openClearance, leakage detection of Huayu low transformation, change switch leakage detecting current direction, good use effect.The feasibility of this way of thinking 4 Effect Analysis
33、of innovative, has little effect on the structure of the equipment, able to doTimely fault diagnosis of transformer and mobile transformer, the safe operation of the equipment, an additional layer of security, simple and feasible, with a strong promotional value.The analysis conclusion in this paper
34、, 5 dry transformer on-line fault monitoring of clear, simple and practical,To dry type transformer and mobile substation structure design of our country existing inspired, has certain scientific basis, with a strong use value.Reference.1 China Dianguang explosion-proof limited instructions.2 electrical engineering and automation control.
