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1、农业环境信息远程监控与管理系统设计 农业环境信息远程监控与管理系统设计 Design of Wireless Telemonitoring & Management System for Agri-environmental Information【中文摘要】 农业环境监控与管理技术是农业信息化的重要基础,它为农业环境的改善提供了保障,在防灾减灾、提高农作物产量等方面发挥着重要的作用。由于农田面积大,分布偏远、分散,因此,有线通信电缆难以充分满足数据采集与传输的需求。随着电子技术、无线网络的发展,把电子技术、无线通信技术应用在农业监控领域将是一个很好的选择,具有广阔的应用前景。本文结合
2、ZigBee技术、图象监控和短信服务技术和GPRS技术的特点和优势,提出了一种新的综合集成设计方案,设计和实现了集现场图象数据与环境数据为一体的农业环境远程监控与管理系统。其在农业环境监控领域上的优势主要表现在以下几个方面:(1) ZigBee是一种新兴的近距离、低复杂度、低功耗、低数据速率、低成本的无线网络技术,主要用于近距离无线连接传输,非常适合农业监测过程中多测点、多要素、移动性、动态性的要求。GPRS无线网络技术是目前日趋成熟的通信技术,由于无需布线、使用安装方便、成本低、监控不受距离、地域、时间的限制,所以广泛的用于远程的无线监控领域。利用ZigBee作为局部的无线组网方式,利用GP
3、RS作为远程的无线数据传输方式,这样就实现了局部无线网络到远程无线网络的连接。实现监测数据短距离采集与数据的远程传输相结合,大大节省了系统的成本。(2)图像监控具有直观生动、快速便捷、内容丰富的特点,为了对一些重要的农业场所进行图像监控,包括作物的生长状况、了解仪器设备工作状态等,在监控现场安装清晰摄像头,它通过USB接口与带有GPRS Modem的ARM+LINUX模块相连接,实现了多通道高速数据和图像的远程获取,使其成为整个远程监控系统的重要组成部分。(3)短消息业务(SMS:Short Message Service)是GSM系统提供给用户的一种数字业务,无需建立端到端的业务通道,具有分
4、组数据的特点,并可以在终端设备关机或超出覆范围之外时依然保证消息的传递。此技术应用在农业监控领域弥补了只有在计算机和Internet都具备的情况下才能查看和浏览数据的不足,利用此技术不仅可以随时随地的了解农业现场环境信息,而且可以实现农业环境信息自动报警。使农业管理人员对农业现场环境变化作出快速反应,实现科学管理。为了验证系统的可行性,该项技术目前已进行了不断的工程实践应用,除了在温室中实验应用外,也在农业其它领域例如:在野外农田园林、饲养舍等示范应用。实践应用表明,本系统设计方案具有很高的可靠性,能方便的实现农业环境网络化监控和远程管理,对提高农业现场的监控和管理水平具有重要的意义。【英文摘
5、要】 Telemonitoring and agricultural environment management technology is an important basis of agricultural informationization, it provides a safeguard for agricultural environment improvements and takes an important role in reducing disaster and improving crop production. Wire communication cable ma
6、y hardly meet needs of data acquisition and transmission since farmland is always big, remote and dispersive. With the development of electron technology and wireless network, it will be a good choice that to apply electron technology and wireless communication technology to agriculture supervisory
7、control.This article has unified characteristics and superiorities of ZigBee technology, image monitor technology, short message service and GPRS technology and proposes a new kind of design proposal, which design and realize wireless telemonitoring and management system for agricultural environment
8、 information based on ZigBee and GPRS technology. Some advantages in the field of agricultural environment mainly include following points:(1) ZigBee is a new global standard for wireless communications with characteristics of low complexity, low power, low data rate and low cost. It is mainly used
9、for wireless connection of short distance transmission and very suitable for monitor more measurement points, multi-factor, mobility and dynamic. GPRS technology is a kind of mature technology, which has been widely used in remote wireless data transfer. As no need for wiring, easy installation, low
10、 cost, monitoring from the distance, geography and time constraints, so for a wide range of wireless remote monitoring area. The use of ZigBee as a wireless localtransmission and GPRS as a long-range wireless data transmission, so that a local wireless network connect to remote wireless network. Com
11、bined short-range data acquisition monitoring with remote transmission reduce the cost of the system substantially.(2) Image monitor owns features of vivid image, fast and convenient, content-rich. In order to monitor important agricultural sites, including crop growth conditions, state of equipment
12、 and etc, a fixed camera sets in this system. It through the USB interface and the GPRS Modem with ARM + LINUX module connected, captures a multi-channel high-speed data and remote image, and makes remote monitoring and control become an important component of the system.(3) Short message service(SM
13、S:Short Message Service)is a kind of digital business which the GSM system provides.It has characteristics of packet data,without the establishment of end-to-end chanel.It ensures message transmission when terminal equipment can be shutdown or extend the scope of coverage.It made up the disadvantage
14、 that we can browse data only on the internet and computer. The use of this technology can not only acquire agricultural information at the scene but also realize agri-environmental information auto-alarm, which makes agricultural manager make timely and reasonable response.In order to verify the fe
15、asibility of this system, the technology has been a constant engineering application practice. It has been applied to other fields such as wild landscape of farmland and keeping homes except greenhouse experiments, Practice shows that the design of this system has high reliability, to facilitate the
16、 realization of agri-environmental monitoring and remote network management, which is of great significance to improve the agricultural scene and the monitoring and management level.【中文关键词】 农业环境信息; ZigBee; 无线传感器网络; 远程监控; GPRS 【英文关键词】 agri-environmental information; ZigBee; wireless network; telemoni
17、toring; GPRS 摘要 6-7 Abstract 7-8 第一章 绪论 11-16 1.1 选题的背景和意义 11 1.2 农业监控技术发展现状 11-14 1.2.1 农业监控技术发展现状 11-12 1.2.2 国外农业监控技术发展现状 12-13 1.2.3 国内农业监控技术发展现状 13-14 1.3 可控环境农业控制技术发展趋势 14 1.4 系统可行性分析 14-15 1.5 论文的结构安排 15-16 第二章 系统的总体设计与实现 16-32 2.1 系统的总体设计思想 16 2.2 系统的结构设计与模块划分 16-17 2.3 远程终端数据和图像采集发送模块设计与实现
18、17-27 2.3.1 采集发送模块硬件设计 18-22 2.3.2 采集发送模块软件设计 22-27 2.4 服务器端运行软件设计 27-32 2.4.1 数据库服务器介绍 28 2.4.2 数据接收存储软件 28-30 2.4.3 图像接收存储软件设计 30-31 2.4.4 基于Web 的数据管理模块设计 31-32 第三章 系统关键技术与实现 32-45 3.1 无线传感器网络 32-35 3.1.1 无线传感器网络概述 32-34 3.1.2 无线传感器网络应用领域 34 3.1.3 传感器网络技术难点 34-35 3.2 ZIGBEE 无线通信技术 35-38 3.2.1 ZigB
19、ee 协议概述 35-36 3.2.2 ZigBee 网络配置 36 3.2.3 ZigBee 网络组网技术 36-37 3.2.4 ZigBee 数据传输机制 37 3.2.5 ZigBee 与其他无线传输协议的比较 37-38 3.3 SMS(SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE)技术 38-42 3.3.1 SMS 技术发展 38 3.3.2 SMS 业务分类 38-39 3.3.3 SMS 的工作原理、特点及优点 39-40 3.3.4 SMS 的实现原理 40-42 3.4 图像监控技术 42-45 3.4.1 图像采集技术 42 3.4.2 图像传输技术 42-43 3.4.3 JPEG 图像压缩技术 43-45 第四章 系统应用实践 45-50 4.1 系统性能分析 45-46 4.1.1 ZigBee 网络性能分析 45-46 4.1.2 GPRS 网络性能分析 46 4.1.3 图像采集与传输性能分析 46 4.1.4 短信自动报警性能分析 46 4.2 系统运行实践 46-50 第五章 总结与展望 50-51 5.1 总结 50 5.2 展望 50-51 参考文献 51-55 致谢 55-56 作者简历 56
