《the representation of china in western documentary films.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《the representation of china in western documentary films.doc（3页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、The Representation of China in Western Documentary Films Merrilyn FitzpatrickStreet is the center of city life, this is a common feature of domestic and foreign cities. Street culture of China can be traced back to the Tang, Song (about the 8th century BC, before and after) than the rise of the Euro
2、pean street culture (before and after the Renaissance) to the Tang and Song dynasties as early as several hundred years ago, the citys streets are mostly only play the role of transport. Exchange of commodities is limited to a few of the city fixed the meantime, street scenes with no spark. At this
3、time Streets can not be given to the meaning of street culture. Commercial Street, the street culture is the most important form of street culture is the focus on death. Streets in the study of Chinese culture, the most important thing is the commercial street in China. Produced its first economic r
4、easons. Hunting and fishing during the original inhabitants of the little remaining products, no exchange. There is no concept of streets and markets. The emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry, and the remaining products to increase, resulting in a barter, a mobile market. Gradually with the
5、 streets and markets. Handicrafts from agriculture, came out in the division. People need to exchange. There have been regular markets. With the social division of labor and material progress of the increasingly rich, especially the Tang and Song dynasties, as the social division of labor and materi
6、al progress is becoming increasingly abundant prosperity Commercial Street, from the Northern Song Dynastys Art can be seen at the time of street life prosperity.Most of the ancient Chinese cities have become stricter and the layout of the streets, street rules extremely. Such as Chinas capital Beij
7、ing. Through its urban plan, you can easily find the National Palace, the Temple of Heaven, there are layers of Beijing Link. Outside the inner city of Beijing are clear and can argue that it represents China accounted for on behalf of the Towns basic layout. City layout of ancient China, the propor
8、tion of very few public buildings, squares are few and far between. Occupy a large proportion of it is the rule of institutions, bureaucratic palace. And ancient European cities, with large public buildings, such as the arena, churches, baths, theaters and other public activities of the Center Squar
9、e. Those in the city occupies a large portion of the ratio. Street layout was irregular. Different from the East-West ideological background have a towel is not difficult to identify the reasons for these differences, the Chinese Confucian thinking respected history as a tool for class rule. Chinese
10、 peoples thinking and behavior, the arts, cultural and other non-free from the impact of such thinking. The resulting hierarchy and wei errors do not mentality, to urban planning, building construction and even aesthetic brings a profound impact on the orderly layout of city streets, the grand palac
11、e can also find out the reasons. Public buildings and the scale of the West, as compared to. Reflect the East-West position of the people of different classes and different values. Therefore, the different characteristics of street culture. Reflects the different times in different regions of people
12、s thinking, the concept of difference.Judging from the shape of space. China is a very special street space package. Is a reflection of the main places of the city. Is to determine an important element in the city. This Chinese street space, in a sense, reflects the characteristics of Chinas cities.
13、 Chinas street system is extremely logical and identifiable nature. Structured to have clear directions. The street does not have a unified architectural planning and design, adequate collective, unconscious masterpiece. Street space, folding, and low tower house mirror, reflecting the beauty of a c
14、ontrast. Integrity of the street space, almost without interruption point. Have strong spatial continuity. Scale of Chinas streets and pleasant, warm, narrow roads, building low, D / H ratio is normally 1; 1 around. The name of the street to the city more civilized nations of the history and culture
15、.And construction in the city with the arena. Different times, different locations of the city, residents in the streets to reflect the activities of an urban lifestyle, mental outlook, culture, moral standards, is a political, social, economic and cultural scene. Such as the Song Dynasty Kaifeng Pr
16、efecture Tokyo: snack shop on the streets, night markets, restaurants, food stores, traveling, cultural characteristics, such as chair, also reflected in street life.Study on the streets of the Chinese culture. I hope China can be a modern building from the city. Both at home and abroad. Street cult
17、ure have met with the crisis. Chinas current crisis is crowded with traffic. Traffic and normal life in post-conflict markets. Chinas solution to the traffic slow and how to combine the actual situation, especially in light of the recent construction of integrated planning to do a good job, we trans
18、port and urban planning workers to do things together.(A) a specific space in the process of using self-organization arising from the uncertainty of the new emergent behavior. This new pattern of behavior is not predictable. Do not have any pre-planning of the special. However. The rules of a series
19、 of interactions includes a possibility of interaction itself from this possibility. Therefore, the interaction of the rules of innovation has produced the possibility of novelty. Belonging to this organizational change is the emergence of novelty.In other words, if the organization is in chaos, too
20、 much increase in the possibility of changes in business organizations, because of chaotic systems is a long-term unpredictability and short-term predictability of the results of compatibility. Limited the scope of the prediction does not preclude the continued operation of the system. And hope to b
21、e able to see through the complexity and scope of a certain prediction system to predict and control behavior, despite the limited range forecast, the forecast is better than not.(B) three towels to avoid too much organizational change can be managed in the real environment of the illusion, inside a
22、nd outside of the increasingly deep makes difficult to predict and concerted efforts to reduce the managers ability to predict and control. If overestimated management control and the ability to guide the transformation process, it can easily lead to the illusion can be managed, the general impressi
23、on, including linear, predictable control of the illusion and illusion. Managers should avoid these three manageability illusion: first, to avoid the illusion of linear and can not over-confidence in the change model is overly simplistic. Should give full consideration to changes that occurred at di
24、fferent levels and different stages of development; second, to avoid the predictability of illusion, the general impression from the linear. and do not realize that the process of organizational change includes a large number of unforeseen and unpredictable events, a single change in the organizatio
25、n process. managers should be avoided as a result of over estimated the strength and stressed that all kinds of authority and control the adverse impact; Third, to avoid the illusion of control, change management is aware of their limitations in the organizational change is to be smoked, because the
26、 unpredictability of events, acts of resistance to change. to change the adjustment program will reduce the management process of management control.(C) the control parameters of the critical point when the legal system and the reverse movement between the shadow system, the organizations on the bor
27、der of chaos in the phase transition stage. Organizations can have only at this time variability, the system can be occupied with infinite variability, novel and innovative space. Border chaos has been at the forefront of the legal system of the organization showed little signs of chaos border. And
28、in a chaotic system is always the shadow of the border continue to exercise and changing. The process of organizational change in the surface, suddenly seems to be dominant model was replaced by new models, but hidden in the system model of the formation of this new model actually has been going on
29、for some time.So. What is to promote stability in the region from the border and entered through the chaos of non-stability of the region? What is a control parameter? D Ralph Stacey in his organization of the complexity and creativity of the system that exist in phase-change the five control parame
30、ters: the information flow, diversity. The degree of contact, anxiety level of inhibition, differences in the degree of power. When the system control parameters in a certain critical point, the system not only has adequate systems in order to prevent some of the local balance, fork with sufficient
31、structure and order of suppression. To prevent the system or form of conduct does not state.As Kaufman said. Only when the links between actors in the system is driven by the border of chaos rather than to go beyond the border into the chaotic state, will continue to mutate and novelty.注：1.页眉为“外文参考资料原文” ，页脚为第X页（共X页）采用宋体五号2.标题为外文资料标题3.标题和正文格式为标题小二号，其它小四号，字体用Time New Roman体,左对齐方式排列。
