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1、ENGLISH FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE Instructor:Juan CHEN 陈 娟 School of SoftwareUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China,任课教师,陈娟博士（英国Bradford大学）电子科技大学讲师研究方向：数字媒体处理邮箱：chenjuanhotmail.co.uk,考察方式：（1）写一篇英文自我介绍（200个词以上）（2）写一篇介绍计算机题材的论文（500个词以上）注意事项：缺1/3以上课程，不给成绩。抄袭将通不过。Word 2003的电子档和打印后的纸质档，于最后一节
2、课后提交。,教学及考察方式,主要教学方式：（1）通过阅读通俗计算机文献，来了解计算机专业词汇。（2）课后的巩固练习。,英文自我介绍(Self-introduction),学习背景（Education Background）工作经历（Working Experiences）目前从事的工作或学习的概况（current work or study）兴趣和爱好（interests and habits）工作、学习或生活方面的计划（Plan for future work,study or life）,介绍计算机题材的论文,开发式题目：对.的探讨Discussions on Internet/QQ ch
3、arting tool/QQ games/Email box/database/network/software development/management system/,介绍计算机题材的论文,选题的背景（Background）与你的工作、学习相关，是你感兴趣的方面对该技术或软件的介绍（A brief introduction to）使用方法，功能，你的体验结论（Conclusion）你对现有的技术或软件的评价，哪些地方需要进一步改进,教学及考察方式,本门课的内容主要涉及：（1）有关计算机各大领域的通用英语词汇。如：计算机结构、软件、数据库、网络、安全、多媒体等。（2）常用科技英文数量表示
4、法。如：数量、几何、质量等。（3）常用科技英文概念描述法。如：定语、状语等从句。（4）网络时代常用科技英文及词汇翻译方法。如：百度、Google、维基百科 Wikipedia。计算机英语实用教程（第三版），刘兆毓，郑家农等编著，清华大学出版社，2006计算机专业英语，刘乃琦，电子科技大学出版社，1998,CHAPTER 1PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER ORGANIZATION 1.1 COMPUTER HARDWARE,1.1 COMPUTER HARDWARE,Main point:Function of computer Organization of computer H
5、ardware Type of computer Main Performance of computer Expression of large or small quantities of space or time,We build computer to solve problems.Early computer solved mathematical and engineering problems,and later computers emphasized information processing for business applications.Today,compute
6、rs also control machines as diverse as automobile engines,robots,and microwave ovens.A computer system solves a problem from any of these domains by accepting input,processing it,and producing output.Figure 1-1 illustrates the function of a computer system.,Figure 1-1 The three activities of a compu
7、ter system,Computer systems consist of hardware and software.Hardware is the physical part of the system.Once designed,hardware is difficult and expensive to change.Software is the set of programs that instruct the hardware and is easier to modify than hardware.Computers are valuable because they ar
8、e general-purpose machines that can solve many different kinds of problems,as opposed to special-purpose machines that can each solve only one kind of problem.,原因状语从句,定语从句,状语,定语从句,?1 Explain the difference between general-purpose machines and special-purpose machines Point the purposes of computer,D
9、ifferent problems can be solved with the same hardware by supplying the system with a different setof instructions,that is,with different software.,Every computer has four basic hardware components:Input devices Output devices Main memory Central processing unit(CPU)Figure 1-2 shows these components
10、 in a block diagram.,The lines between the blocks represent the flow of information flows from one component to another on the bus,which is simply a group of wires connecting the components.1 Processing occurs in the CPU and main memory.The organization in Figure 1-2,with the components connected to
11、 each other by the bus,is common.However,other configurations are possible as well.,?2 How many components are used to build a computer?List them,非限定性定语从句,Computer hardware is often classified by its relative physical size:Small microcomputer;Medium minicomputer;Large mainframe.,Fig.1-2 Block diagra
12、m of the four components of a computer system,Just the CPU of a mainframe often occupies an entire cabinet.Its input/output(I/O)devices and memory might fill an entire room.Microcomputers can be small enough to fit on a desk or in a briefcase.As technology advances,the amount of processing previousl
13、y possible only on large machines becomes possible on smaller machines.Microcomputers now can do much of the work that only minicomputers or mainframes could do in the past.,时间状语从句,定语从句,?3 Describe the classification of computers according to its physical size,The classification just described is ba
14、sed on physical size as opposed to storage size.A computer system user is generally more concerned with storage size,because that is a more direct indication of the amount of useful work that the hardware can perform.,原因状语从句,定语从句,Speed of computation is another characteristic that is important to th
15、e user.Generally speaking,users want a fast CPU and large amounts of storage,but a physically small machine for the I/O devices and main memory.When computer scientists study problems,therefore,they are concerned with space and time-the space necessaryinside a computer system to store a problem and
16、the time required to solve it.They commonly use the metric prefixes of Table 1-1 to express large or small quantities of space or time.,?4 What are Main performances of computer?.,Table 1-1 Prefixes for powers of 10.,The International System of Units(SI，国际单位制)specifies a set of unit prefixes known a
17、s SI prefixes or metric prefixes(courtesy of wikipedia),国际单位制词头,Example Suppose it takes 4.5 microseconds,also written 4.5 s,to transfer some information across the bus from one component to another.(a)How many seconds are required for the transfer?(b)How many transfers can take place during one min
18、ute?2(a)A time of 4.5s is 4.510-6 from Table 1-1 or 0.000 004 5 s.(b)Because there are 60 seconds in one minute,the number of times the transfer can occur is(60 s)/(0.000 004 5 s/transfer)or 13 300 000 transfers.,同位语,Note that since the original value was given with two significant figures,the resul
19、t should not be given to more than two or three significant figures.,宾语从句,Table 1-1 shows that in the metric system the prefix kilo-is 1 000 and mega-is 1 000 000.But in computer science,a kilo-is 210 or 1024.The different between 1 000 and 1 024 is less than 3%,so you can think of a computer scienc
20、e kilo-as being about 1 000 even though it is a little more.The same applies to mega-and giga-,as in Table 1-2.This time,the approximation is a little worse,but for mega-it is still within 5%.,宾语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,Table 1-2 Computer science values of the large prefixes.,?5 Remember prefixes for power
21、of 10 in Table 1-1,NOTES 1 总线不仅仅是一组线缆，它还包括一些逻辑 电路。此处是一种形象说法，有关总线的概 念请见本章1.6节。2 因为没有给出总线宽度，故每次传送可以理 解为每秒钟或每分钟所传送的字节数、位数 等。,NOTES,KEYWORDS,computer 计算机 information processing 信息处理 hardware 硬件 software 软件 program 程序 generalpurpose machine 通用（计算）机 specialpurpose machine 专用（计算）机 instruction 指令 set of ins
22、truction 指令集，指令系统,input device 输入设备 output device 输出设备 main memory 主存储器 central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器 bus 总线 microcomputer 微型计算机 Minicomputer 小型计算机 mainframe 主机，特大型机,1.Multiple choices.(1)When we store a problem into a computer,is necessary.a.space b.time c.input device d.output device(2)Early c
23、omputer solved problems.a.control b.business applications c.engineering d.mathematical,a,c,c,d,EXERCISES,(3)We can use prefix micro to express.a.time metric b.space metric c.both time and space metrics d.10-6(4)We can say a bus is simply.a.a group of wires b.a wire c.a 8bit bus d.a 16-bit bus,a,d,a,
24、c,d,(5)A computer system user generally more cares for.a.physical size of the computer b.storage size c.speed of computation d.efficiency of the computer(6)According to the physical size of computers we can classify the computers into.a.microcomputer b.minicomputer c.mainframe d.supercomputer,b,c,d,a,b,c,d,(7)Prefix“mega”used for computer science is.a.larger than 106 b.smaller than 106 c.equal to 220 d.1 048 576(8)The basic hardware components of any computer include.a.CPU b.main memory c.input devices d.output devices,c,d,a,b,c,d,
