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1、一个企业转型的理论外文翻译 外文翻译原文 A Theory of Enterprise Transformation Material Source: Volume8,Issue4,pase Ges279-295,2005 Author: William B.Rouse The information technology revolution has driven the pace of competition and rapid globalization.Consequently,enterprises increasingly need to consider and pursue f
2、undamental change transformation to maintain or gain competitive advantage.This need raises impor-tant research issues concerning how transformation is best understood and pursued.Thispaper outlines a theory of enterprise transformation to guide research on these issues.The theory focuses on why and
3、 how transformation happens,as well as ways in which transformation is addressed and pursued in terms of work processes and the architecture of these processes.A variety of industry and corporate vignettes is used to illustrate the theory.A portfolio of research initiatives are discussed in terms of
4、 how they can advance the proposed theory,while also enhancing practices of enterprise transformation. Business transformation is an extremely complex operation process of transformation of business activities prior to the transformation of the economic, policy, legal and other issues have take into
5、 consideration, and restructuring costs, risks and goals to be achieved by a comprehensive analysis of issues such as and on this basis, the feasibility study on the restructuring activities The enterprises are facing a critical period in transition, strategies affect the situation as a whole, the b
6、usiness owners in this area should be devoted a lot of energy. Business leaders if they can not invest in strategy formulation enough energy, it can not lead the company to do the right thing. Pick up the sesame seeds of the watermelon story will repeat itself often in small and medium enterprises.
7、Enterprises to restructuring, business leaders bear the brunt. Entrepreneurs directly restricts the realm of its own business development ideas Business transformation is carried out in the specific context. Specific context of enterprise transformation joint decision with its own characteristic pat
8、tern of its transformation. As the complexity of the background of each business transformation and enterprise of individual differences, determines the diversity of business transformation and difficult imitative pattern. Enterprise transformation concerns change,not just routine change but fundame
9、ntal change that substantially alters an organizations relationships with one or more key constituencies,e.g customers,employees,suppliers,and investors.Transformation can involvenew value propositions in terms of products and services,how these offerings are delivered and supported,and how the ente
10、rprise is organized to provide these offerings.Transformation can also involve old value propositions provided in fundamentally new ways.Transformation can be contrasted with business process improvement.Adoption of the principles of Total Quality ManagementDeming,1986has resulted in many enterprise
11、s focusing on their business processes and devising means to continually improve these processes.The adoption of TQM may be transformative for an enterprise.However,as judged by the definition of transformation provided here,the ongoing use of TQM subsequent to implementation is not transformative.T
12、he whole point of TQM is to make continual change a rountine undertaking. This paper has outlined an initial formulation of an overarching theory of enterprise transformation.This theory is very much a work in progress.A wide range of colleagues from numerous disciplines has offered comments and sug
13、gestions on the evolving theory,providing rich evidence of the diversity of perspectives that different disciplines bring to this broad problem area.Indeed,it can reasonably be argued that there are few problems so central to our society and economy as the problem of how complex systems address fund
14、amental changes. Business Process Reengineering can be much more transformative.Adoption of BPR has led to much fundamental redesign of business processes.This rethinking followed the guidance“dont automate,obliterate.”In this way,both the adoption and implementation of BPR tends to be transformativ
15、e,although success is,by no means,guaranteed.One can then apply the principles of TQM to continually improve the reengineered business processes. Rather than routine,transformation tends to be discontinuous,perhaps even abrupt.Change does not occur continually,yielding slow and steady improvements.I
16、nstead,substantial changes occur intermittently,hopefully yielding significantly increased returns to the enterprise.Transformation and routine change converge when,as with BPR and TQM,the transformation involves fundamental new ways of pursuing routine change. This paper outlines a theory of enterp
17、rise transformation.The theory focuses on why and how transformation happens,as well as way in which transformation is addressed and pursued in terms of work processes and the architecture of these processes.As later discussion elaborates,the theory argues for the following definition: Enterprise tr
18、ansformation is driven by experiencedand anticipated value deficiencies that result in significantly redesigned and new work processes as determined by managements decision making abilities,limitations,and inclinations,all in the context of the social networks of management in particular and the ent
19、erprise in general. A variety of industry and corporate vignettes are used to illustrate the elements of this theory and definition.A portfolio of research initiatives are discussed in terms of how they can advance the proposed theory,while also enhancing practices of enterprise transformation. The
20、study and pursuit of enterprise transformation is very much a transdisciplinary endeavor.The types of initiatives discussed later in this paper involve disciplines ranging from artists and architects,to engineers of all types and economists,as well as management,public policy,and so on.The efforts o
21、f research teams pursuing these initiatives often begin with intense discussions of the fundamental basis for these pursuits. In essence,these discussions involve two questions.First,what is the theoretical basis for our research in itSecond,how do the emerging results of these efforts contribute to
22、 and advance theory? Giventhe range of disciplines just noted,it is important tounderstand what is meant by“theory”in the context of our investigations of enterprise transformation. Are we like Newton or Einstein postulating an axiomatic basis for the universe and working to derive“laws”Or are we mo
23、re like Darwin,combing the South Seas for evidence of our origins? For the former,we would formulate mathematical models from which we could deduce system behaviors and then compare those behaviors with observations.Eventually,we would devise theorems and proofs regarding behavioral phenomena such a
24、s response,stability,observability,and controllability in our“model worlds”Rouse,2003b. For the latter,we would rely on statistical inference to gain an understanding of what affects what,and under what conditions.This choice reflects the complex nature of the world of interest,with a wide range of
25、players,forces,and factors interacting dynamically to slowly yield long-term changes.This complexity precludes creating a model world of sufficient validity to enable reaching defensible conclusions about the real world.Thus,we must experiment in the real world. The distinction just elaborated contr
26、asts the role of theory in axiomatic and empirical traditions in science and engineering.However,the research initiatives of interest also include participants from art,literature,music,politics,law,and so on.This suggests that we might need to consider the role of theory in the arts and humanities
27、vs.science and engineeringSnow,1962;Rouse,2003a,as well as the role of theory in legal,political,and social systemsDiesing,1962. These elaborations might be overwhelming were it not for the fact that the theory we need is to drive our research rather than explain or motivate change,perhaps of artist
28、ic or social nature,for instance.The theory should drive our hypotheses,determine the variables of interest,and specify potentially relevant environmental factors.Research results should confirm or reject our hypotheses,support or refute the effects of variables,and assess the relevance of environme
29、ntal factors.The rules of statistical inference will govern these evaluations. Therefore,we are very much like Darwin combing the enterprise seas to gain understanding of the origins and processes of transformation.The theory presented in this paper is intended to help us determine where to look and
30、 what to look for.Specifically,the theory helps us to recognize enterprises of potential interest and the variables of importance to identifying enterprises that have attempted transformation,how they have pursued it,and the consequences of these pursuits.Thus,our theory fits into the empirical trad
31、ition.The possibility of an axiomatic theory depends on the relationships and patterns that our empirical studies will unearth. The patterns of transformation in computing revolve around power and speed.More and more computing operations,faster and faster,differentiate the main frame,mini,and micro
32、eras.Increasing user control has also been an element of these patterns,although this has resulted with increasing numbers of layers between users and computation.Further,it has been argued that pervasive networking is only possible with increased centralized management of standards,protocols,etc. T
33、hus,the latest pattern of transformation may inherently borrow from old pattern This paper has outlined an initial formulation of an overarching theory of enterprise transformation.This theory is very much a work in progress.A wide range of colleagues from numerous disciplines has offered comments a
34、nd suggestions on the evolving theory,providing rich evidence of the diversity of perspectives that different disciplines bring to this broad problem area. Indeed,it can reasonably be argued that there are few problems so central to our society and economy as the problem of how complex systems addre
35、ss fundamental changes. Business transformation is the overall business environment and industry in the face of changes of a fundamental, comprehensive, large-scale revolutionary reform, enterprise development in order to survive, a breakthrough operating difficulties, an attempt to adjust and chang
36、e the companys existing operating structure, breaking Status quo, the strategic thinking and a new business model to adapt to the future, to make the core of the capacity and competitiveness to effective change and reform.译文 A Theory of Enterprise Transformation 资料来源:Volume8,Issue4,pase Ges279-295,2
37、005 作者:William B.Rouse 一个企业转型的理论 信息技术革命已经迅速地推进全球化竞争。因此,企业越来越需要考虑和追求利益获得竞争优势。这需要加强研究问题,关于如何加快转变是追赶好效益的根本。本文概述了企业转型理论指导对这些问题的研究,这个理论关注为何及如何发生转变,以及变化的方法。加快研究过程和这些过程用来改造的各种行业和企业,用来解释的理论研究行动进行了讨论,在条件的允许下所提出的理论,能有效地提高学生的实践并加强企业转型。 企业转型是一个极其复杂的运作过程,转型企业事先对转型活动所涉及的经济、政策、法律等方面的问题有个通盘考虑,并对转型的成本、风险和所要达到的目标等问题进
38、行全面分析,然后在此基础上对转型活动进行可行性研究。 在企业面临转型的关键时期,战略是牵一发而动全身的,企业老板应该在这方面倾注大量的精力。企业领导如果不能在战略制定上投人足够的精力,那就无法带领企业去做正确的事。捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜的故事也就经常会在中小企业身上重演。企业要转型,企业领导首当其冲。企业家自身的境界直接制约着企业的发展思路。 企业转型都是在特定背景下进行的。企业转型的特定背景与自身的特点共同决定其转型的模式。由于每个企业转型背景的复杂性和企业个体的差异性,决定了企业转型模式的多样性和难以模仿性。 企业转型问题变更,而不是常规的改变是根本的变化。改变组织的关系本质上与一个或一个以上
39、的关键选区。顾客、员工、供应商、投资者改造方面涉及到新价值主张的产品和服务,而企业如何组织提供这些,还能通过转变提供的价值主张完全不同的新方法变换。可以提高业务过程与对比通过全面质量管理的原则Deming,1986。工业带来了许多企业业务流程和主要关注的设计手段,不断提高这些过程采用TQM可能转变为一个企业。然而,就像被转化的定义,提供了继续使用后不实施全面质量管理的转变全面质量管理的关键一道改变一个方法的事业。 业务流程再造的转变,多采用BPR导致了许多基本的新业务流程。这个反思跟从指导“不要自动化”。这样的话,两个采用并实施重组的往往是变化的,虽然成功,但绝不会保证那么你可以将这些原则应用
40、TQM身上,不断提高业务进程。 而不是常规、转化往往是不连续的,也许甚至是突然的。不发生变化创造出缓慢且持续不断的改进相反,实质性的变化发生显著增加间歇式屈服希望回到了企业改造和常规改变集中在,就像BPR和TQM、改造包括基本的新方法常规追求改变。 企业转型理论,这个理论关注为何及如何发生转变,以及探讨在变化的,追赶从作业过程和这些过程的建筑后来讨论,阐述了理论认为以下定义:企业转型是驱使有经验和预期价值缺乏导致明显重新设计,新工作过程中所确定的管理部门的决策能力,局限,所欲,都在背景下的社会网络的管理具体的企业中一般。 这项研究追求企业转型,在很大程度上是跨专业团队的努力,讨论了类型的举措。
41、本文后面涉及学科从艺术家和建筑师的工程师,所有的类型和经济学家,以及管理、公共政策等研究小组的努力实现上述目标的激烈讨论。 在本质上,这些讨论包含两个问题首先,什么是我们研究理论依据?第二,新兴的结果如何使努力有助于和推进理论吗?研究跟踪报道接受各个学科的只是指证,最重要的是要了解何谓“理论”的情况下,我们的研究企业转型。 我们和牛顿或爱因斯坦假定一个公理,基础推导出宇宙和工作,或者是我们“法则”更像达尔文,结合我们的起源的证据吗?这之前,我们会制定从中可数学模型并加以演绎系统行为与观测结果。这些行为最后,我们会想出定理和证明关于行为现象,例如反应、稳定、可观测性,也能控性世界在我们的“模型”
42、Rouse ,2003。 对于后者来说,我们将依靠统计推断得到一个理解是什么影响什么,”以及“在何种条件下这种选择反映了世界的复杂本质的兴趣,而广泛的球员,力量,和影响因素相互作用的动态慢慢长期变化产量上述的复杂性,也会创造一个模型,使世界有足够的有效性达到稳固的结论真实世界因此,我们必须实验在真实的世界。 对比和区别只是阐述了理论的角色在公理化和实证传统在科学和工程方面。然而,研究行动参加者的兴趣也包括艺术、文学、音乐、政治学、法学、等等。这表明我们可能需要考虑理论的角色,在艺术和人文学科对科学与工程。1962年,以及理论的角色在法律、政治和社会系统Diesing,1962年。 这些有可能是
43、压倒性的考虑,其理论我们需要的是,把我们的研究,而不是解释或者鼓励变化,也许艺术或社会自然。例如理论的假设应该驱动,确定感兴趣的变量,并说明潜在的有关环境因素,研究结果应确认或拒绝我们的假设,支持或者反对下列效果的变量,并评估环境因素的相关性统计推断的规则将执政这些评估。 因此,我们很像达尔文结合企业海洋来理解的起源和转化的过程。本文提出了一种理论在于帮助我们决定到哪里去看,应该观察些什么。具体地说,这个理论可以帮助我们认识企业潜在的利益和因素的识别重要性企业转型。它们尝试,结果这些追求。 概括了最初的制定具有企业转型理论。这个理论是非常大的一个,工作正在进行中广泛的同时,从众多的学科提供意见和建议在改进的证据理论,提供了丰富的多样性给不同学科的观点认为,这个宽广的问题存在确实,它可以恰当地认为,很少有问题,所以中央对我们的社会经济的问题有多么复杂系统地址根本性的变化。 企业转型是企业在面临总体环境及产业发生变化时一种基本的、全面的、大规模的革命性改革,企业为求生存发展、突破经营困境,企图调整和改变企业现有的营运架构,突破现状,进行策略性思考及一套适应未来的新经营模式,期能使企业的核心能力和竞争力获得有效的改变及改。
