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1、皮肤性病学示教,皮 疹SKIN LESIONS,1,表皮,真皮,皮下,2,皮疹的分类,原发性皮损（primary lesions）由皮肤病理变化的直接结果斑疹、斑块、丘疹、结节、风团、水疱、大疱、脓疱、囊肿等继发性皮损（secondary lesions）指原发性皮损因自然演变而来，或因搔抓、治疗不当所致的继发性改变。鳞屑、糜烂、浸渍、裂隙、萎缩、溃疡、结痂、抓痕、苔藓样变等,3,原发性损害（primary lesions）斑疹、斑块、丘疹、结节、风团、水疱、大疱、脓疱、囊肿等,4,Macule:A macule is a circumscribed,flat lesion that diff
2、ers from surrounding skin because of its color.,1.斑疹：皮肤黏膜的局限性颜色改变，与皮面平齐。,5,分类：,(1)按大小分：1cm斑疹(macule)；1cm斑片（patch),6,7,8,(2)按性质分：,红斑：充血性，压之褪色出血斑：渗出性，压之不褪色色素沉着斑色素减退斑,9,出血斑：2mm瘀斑,10,11,2.斑块（plaque)：直径大于1cm的隆起、浅表、扁平性皮损。,12,Papule：A papule is a small,solid,elevated lesion.Papules are usually smaller than
3、 1 cm in diameter.,3.丘疹：直径小于1cm的局限、实质、浅表、隆起性损害。,13,14,丘疹融合后可以形成斑块；介于斑疹和丘疹稍隆起之间的称“斑丘疹”；顶部有小水疱时称“丘疱疹”顶部有小脓疱时称“丘脓疱疹”。,15,Wheal：A wheal,or hive is a round or flat-topped papule or plaque that is characteristically evanescent,disppearing within 24 hours.,4.风团：真皮浅层水肿引起的暂时性、局限性隆起性损害，持续时间通常短于24小时，消退后不留痕迹，常伴
4、剧痒。,16,17,18,19,20,5.水疱：1cm:大疱.,Vesicle and bulla:A vesicle is a circumscribed,elevated lesion that contains fluid.A bullae is a vesicle larger than 0.5cm.Can be epidermal or subepidermal.,21,水疱,22,23,24,疱疹：含有液体高出皮面的损害。,25,大疱：含有液体高出皮面的损害，直径大于1cm。,26,27,28,29,30,31,Pustule:A pustule is a circumscribe
5、d,raised lesion that contains a purulent exudate.,6.脓疱:局限、隆起、内含脓液的腔隙性损害。,32,细菌性脓疱,33,非细菌性脓疱,34,Nodule：A nodule is a palpable,solid,round or ellipsoidal lesion.Depth of involvement and/or substantive palpability rather than diameter differentiate a nodule from a papule.,7.结节：局限、实质、深在性皮损。,35,36,高出皮面,基
6、本平齐皮面,37,Cyst:A cyst is a sac that contains liquid or semisolid material(fluid,cells,and cell products),on palpation,it is resilient.,8.囊肿:含有液体和细胞成份的囊性损害。,38,39,40,继发性损害（secondary lesions）,指原发性皮损因自然演变而来，或因搔抓、治疗不当所致的继发性改变。,鳞屑、糜烂、浸渍、裂隙、萎缩、溃疡、结痂、抓痕、苔藓样变等,41,Erosion:A erosion is a moist,circumscribed,us
7、ually depressed lesion that results from loss of all or a portion of the viable epidermis.,1.糜烂：表皮或粘膜上皮缺损导致的浅表湿润创面，愈后不留疤痕,42,43,44,45,46,Ulcer:An ulcer is a depressed lesion in which the epidermis and at least the upper dermis have been destroied.,2.溃疡：皮肤或粘膜破溃后形成的深达真皮及以下的创面。愈合后常形成瘢痕。,47,48,溃疡：皮肤缺损达到
8、真皮或真皮以下,49,Scale,desquamation:Abnormal shedding or accumulation of stratum corneum in perceptible flakes is called scaling.,3.鳞屑：已经脱落或即将脱落的角质层细胞,50,鳞屑：脱落的表皮细胞及其它成分,51,52,53,54,55,4.浸渍（meceration)：因角质层含水过多所致的皮肤变软发白,56,5.裂隙(fissure)：线状皮肤裂口，可深达真皮,57,6.瘢痕：真皮或深部组织缺损后，由新生结缔组织修复而成。,增生性：萎缩性：,58,59,Atrophy:A
9、trophy refers to a diminution in the size of a cell,tissue,organ or part of the body.,7.萎缩：因皮肤退行性变导致的表皮、真皮或皮下组织减少,60,61,62,Crust:Crusts are hardened deposits that result when serum,blood,or purulent exudate debris on the skin surface,and they are characteristic of pyogenic infections.,8.痂：创面上多种成分混合干燥物,63,64,65,9.抓痕：因搔抓或摩擦导致的线状或点状表皮或真皮浅层的剥脱性缺损。,66,10.苔藓样变（lichenification)：因反复机械性刺激导致的皮肤局限性粗糙增厚，皮脊隆起，皮沟加深，常伴剧痒。,67,68,
