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1、China Landfill Gas Best Practices Workshop中国填埋气最佳实践研讨会,GMI Workshop全球甲烷行动工作坊Wuhan,China中国武汉7 September 2013年9月7日,Landfill Gas Energy Project Types填埋气能源项目种类,GMI Workshop全球甲烷行动工作坊Wuhan,China中国武汉7 September 2013年9月7日,Bryce Lloyd,OWT H.K.包乐莱，香港浩宏环保,Agenda议程,LFG Utilization General 填埋气再利用-一般Direct Use 直接
2、利用LFG Conversion to Pipeline Quality Gas 填埋气转化管道质量气体Electricity Production 电力生产Combined Heat and Power 热电联产,Why Use Landfill Gas(LFG)?为何使用垃圾填埋气（填埋气）？,Local,available fuel source 当地，可用的燃料源Easy to capture and use 易于采集和利用Source of renewable energy 可再生能源的来源Constant supply-24 hours a day,7 days a week 稳定
3、供应-每周7天，每天24小时Reliable technologies exist for using LFG 可靠的填埋气使用技术存在 Uses a source of energy that otherwise would have been wasted 使用能量的来源，否则将被浪费Helps the environment by reducing uncontrolled emissions of LFG 减少无节制的填埋气排放，有利于环境,Sanitary Landfill 垃圾卫生填埋场,LFG Energy Project Types填埋气能源项目种类,2010DTE Energ
4、y Company,Aluminum 铝Alternative fuels(biodiesel,CNG,ethanol,and LNG)替代燃料（生物柴油，压缩天然气，乙醇，液化天然气）Aquaculture(e.g.,tilapia)水产养殖（例如，罗非鱼）Arts&crafts(blacksmithing,ceramics,glass)工艺品（锻造，陶瓷，玻璃）Beer 啤酒Biosolids(drying)生物固体（烘干）Bricks,cement,concrete 砖，水泥，混凝土Camera film 相机胶片Carpet 地毯Cars and trucks 汽车和卡车Chemica
5、ls 化学制品Chocolate 巧克力Consumer goods and containers 消费品和容器Denim 牛仔布,Electronics 电子Fiberglass,nylon,and paper 玻璃纤维，尼龙和纸张Furthering space exploration 进一步太空探索Garden plants 园林植物Green power 绿色电力Ice cream,milk,and tea 冰淇淋，牛奶和茶Infrared heat 红外热Juice(apple,cranberry,orange)果汁（苹果，蔓越莓，橙）Pet food 宠物食品Pharmaceuti
6、cals 医药Pierogies and snack food馅饼和零食Soy-based products 大豆型产品Steel 钢Tomatoes(hydroponic)西红柿（水耕）,LFG has been used to help produce填埋气已经被用于帮助生产.,Direct Use Applications 直接利用的应用,Boilers 锅炉Direct thermal 直热式Kilns 窑炉Furnaces 熔炉,Innovative uses新性用途Greenhouses 温室大棚Infrared heaters 红外加热器Pottery kilns 陶窑,Dire
7、ct Use Experience直接利用体验,More than 100 projects in the US 在美国超过100个项目Pipeline length range from 0.6 to 15 kilometers 管道长度介于0.6至15公里less than 5 kilometers is most feasible 小于5公里是最可行的LFG used at off-site industries 填埋气应用到填埋场以外的行业,Direct Use Experience直接利用体验,LFG piped to a nearby industry for use in boi
8、ler,kiln or other process 填埋气经管道输送到附近的行业的，用于在锅炉，窑或其他的过程Excellent possibility if an industrial facility is located nearby 如附近有工业设施将会提供很好的机会Can provide fuel cost savings 可节省燃料成本,Greenhouses温室大棚,Use both electricity and heat 同时使用电力和热能Carbon dioxide can be used to grow greenhouse plants二氧化碳可用于温室植物的生长Six
9、 operational greenhouse projects in the U.S.在美国有六个运作中的温室项目,Energy Center 能源中心,Infrared Heaters 红外加热器,Used to heat storage and maintenance facilities 用于热力存储库和维护设施的Readily available technology 现成的技术Minimal LFG required 所需的填埋气极小Quick return on investment 快速的投资回报率,Leachate Evaporation 渗滤液蒸发,Utilize LFG
10、to reduce leachate volume 利用填埋气来减少渗滤液量Commercially available technology 市场现售的技术Units operating in the U.S.and internationally 在美国和国际上运作中的设施 20 in the U.S.在美国20个,LFG Conversion to Pipeline Quality Gas 垃圾填埋气转化管道质量天然气,Technology 技术LFG is purified from 50%to 97-99%methane 填埋气经浓纯化从50至97-99的甲烷浓度Removal of
11、 carbon dioxide is primary step 除去二氧化碳是主要的步骤Advantages 优点Inject treated product into pipeline 注入处理过的产物进入管道Methane can be used as raw material 甲烷可为原料Reduction in use of fossil fuels 减少化石燃料的使用Disadvantages 缺点Must meet strict standards of pipeline 必须符合严格的管道标准Costly technology 技术成本高昂Economical for large
12、 scale only 仅在大规模时是经济实惠的,Electricity Generation发电生产,Most prevalent type of project in the US 在美国最普遍的项目种类Approximately 1100 MW of capacity from over 375 operational projects 从超过375个运作中项目生产超过约1100兆瓦的容量Sale of Electricity to 售电予Utilities 公用设施Industries able to buy directly 能够直接购买的产业On-site use(e.g.,lea
13、chate pumps)现场使用（例如，渗滤液泵）Project size range from 500 kW-50 MW项目规模范围从500千瓦至50兆瓦,Internal Combustion Engine内燃发动机,Sizes:200 kW-3 MW 发电量：200千瓦-3兆瓦Advantages 优点Proven and reliable 经过验证并可靠Efficient 高效High availability 92%高可用性92Does not require extensive LFG pretreatment 不需要进行大规模填埋气预处理Disadvantages 缺点Requi
14、res trained operator and frequent maintenance 需要受过训练的操作员和频繁的维护,Turbines涡轮机,Sizes:1-10 MW 发电量：1-10兆瓦Advantages 优点Smaller physical size per MW capacity 发电量与尺寸相比较小Good potential for heat recovery 很好的的热回收潜力Lower NOx and CO emissions 较低的NOx和CO排放量,Turbines涡轮机,Disadvantages缺点High parasitic loads due to LFG
15、 compression requirements由于填埋气压缩需求的高寄生负载Requires extensive LFG pre-treatment 需要进行大规模填埋气预处理Requires trained operator and frequent maintenance需要受过训练的操作员和频繁的维护,Micro-turbine微型涡轮机,Sizes:30-200 kW发电量：30-200千瓦Advantages 优点Low emissions 低排放Can operate on LFG with low methane content 可以在甲烷低浓度的填埋气运作Light wei
16、ght/small size 重量轻/尺寸小Lower maintenance costs降低维修成本Disadvantages 缺点Inefficient 效率较低High installed capital cost$/kW 高安装资本成本￥/千瓦,Combined Heat and Power热电联产,Large Industrial Facilities大型工业设施Turbine and Microturbine Applications涡轮机和微型涡轮机的应用,Combined Heat and Power热电联产,Advantages 优点Greater overall effic
17、iency with waste heat recovery-up to 80%更大的整体效率并有余热回收-高达80Manufactured systems available可用预制系统Flexible-hot water or steam generation from recovered heat灵活 回收的热量可用于热水或蒸汽产生Disadvantages 缺点Higher capital costs for heat recovery systems 热量回收系统需较高的资本成本,Typical Electric Project Components&Costs(US)一般电力项目组
18、件和成本（美国）,3 MW engine project 3兆瓦发动机项目Total capital cost=$5.15 million总资本成本=5,150,000美元Includes:LFG compression and treatment,engine/generator,electrical switchgear=$4.9 million 包括：填埋气体压缩和处理，发动机/发电机，接电装置=490万美元Interconnect equipment=$250,000*互连设备=$25万*Operation and maintenance costs=$526,000/year 操作和
19、维护成本=526,000美金/年*interconnect costs can vary widely 互连成本可以有很大的不同,1,360 m3/hr of LFG;8 kilometer pipeline 1,360立方米/小时的填埋气，8公里长的管道Total capital cost=$2.5 million 总投资成本=250万美元Gas compression&treatment=$768,000 气体压缩及处理=768,000美元Pipeline=$206,000/kilometer 管道=每公里，$206,000(Plus industrial combustion equip
20、ment retrofits,if needed)（加上工业燃烧设备改造，如有需要的话）Operation&maintenance cost=$129,000/year 操作和维护成本=$129,000/年,Typical Electric Project Components&Costs(US)一般电力项目组件和成本（美国）,Example Electricity Generation Xiaping Landfill,Shenzhen 范例-深圳下坪填埋场发电生产,Design Electricity Power Generation Capacity(7.5MW+)设计电力发电能力（7.
21、5兆瓦+）Tied into electrical grid连接到电网Landfill Capacity:47 Million tonnes 填埋场容量：4千7百万立方米Landfilling began:1997(30 years design life)填埋开始：1997年（30年的设计使用年限）Waste In place:13 Million tonnes 已填埋废物：1千3百万公吨Waste Intake:3000-3500 tpd 废物接收量：3000-3500 吨/日LFG Recovery:9000 m3/hr 填埋气体回收量：9000立方米/小时,25,Design Elec
22、tricity Power Generation Capacity(2.5MW+)设计电力发电能力（2.5兆瓦+）Provides electricity to on-site leachate treatment plant and offices Landfill Capacity:8.92 Million tonnes为现场的渗滤液处理厂和办公室提供电力。填埋场容量：八百九十二万立方米Landfilling began:2002(20 years design life)填埋开始：2002年（20年的设计使用年限）,Flaring System and Generator House火炬
23、系统及发电机房,Example Electricity GenerationGaoantun Landfill,Beijing范例 北京高安屯填埋场发电生产,Waste In place:6.5 Million tonnes已填埋废物：六百五十万公吨Waste Intake:1000 tpd废物接收量：1000吨/日LFG Recovery:2500m3/hr 填埋气体回收量：2500立方米/小时,Flaring System and Generator House火炬系统及发电机房,Example Electricity GenerationGaoantun Landfill,Beijing
24、范例 北京高安屯填埋场发电生产,Example Electricity Generation Jordan Valley Landfill,Hong Kong范例 香港佐敦谷填埋场发电生产,28,Design Electricity Power Generation Capacity:220kW 设计电力发电能力：220千瓦Produces electrical power for onsite leachate pre-treatment works生产电力供现场渗滤液前处理工作Landfill Capacity 填埋场容量:1.3Million tonnes 一百三十万公吨Landfill
25、 operated from 1986-1991 填埋场从1986-1991年运作 Waste Intake 废弃物接收:400 to 1000 tpd 400 to 1000吨/日LFG Recovery 填埋气体回收量:50 m3/hr 50立方米/小时,Example Purification NENT Landfill,Hong Kong范例 香港新界东北填埋场提纯,6600 m3/hr of LFG purified to 90%+CH4 and compressed into 18 km pipeline to provide process heat to industrial
26、facility 6600立方米/小时的垃圾填埋气提纯到超过90甲烷并压缩到18公里的管道，为工业设施提供工艺加热4MW On-site Power Generation 4兆瓦的现场发电On-site leachate treatment 现场渗滤液处理Landfill Capacity 填埋场容量:35 Million tonnes 3千5百万公吨Landfilling began:1995(30 years design life)填埋开始：1995年（30年的设计使用年限）Waste Intake:3500 tpd 废弃物接收量：3500吨/日LFG Recovery:6600 m3/
27、hr 填埋气体回收量：6600 立方米/小时,Landfill Ca的pacity:35 Million m3Landfilling began:1995(30 years design life)Waste Intake:3500 tpdLFG Recovery:6600 m3/hr,Example Purification(LFG to CNG)Xiaping Landfill,Shenzhen范例 中国深圳下坪填埋场提纯（填埋气到压缩天然气）,500 m3/hr of LFG purified to 90%+CH4 and compressed into CNG 550立方米/小时的垃圾
28、填埋气提纯到超过90甲烷并压缩成压缩天然气Provides fuel to on-site vehicles 为现场车辆提供燃料Landfill Capacity:47 Million tonnes 填埋场容量：4千7百万立方米Landfilling began:1997(30 years design life)填埋开始：1997年（30年的设计使用年限）Waste In place:13 Million tonnes 已填埋废弃物：1千3百万公吨Waste Intake:3000-3500 tpd 废弃物接收量：3000-3500 吨/日LFG Recovery:9000 m3/hr 填埋
29、气体回收量：9000立方米/小时,Example Process Heat Shuen Wan Landfill,Hong Kong 范例 香港船湾填埋场过程用热,Delivered 2,000m3/hr LFG(50%+CH4)to Towngas plant as process heat for use in reformers during the production of town gas 输送2000立方米/小时的填埋气往煤气公司工厂，作为重整器制造煤气的工艺加热Landfill operated from 1973 to 1995 填埋场从1973-1995年运作 Waste
30、In place:16 Million tonnes已填埋废物1千6百万公吨LFGE System in operation since 1999 填埋气能源系统由1999开始运作Design Capacity:2200 m3/hr 设计容量：2200立方米/小时LFG Recovery:300 m3/hr填埋气体回收量：300 立方米/小时,Direct Use Case Study 直接利用实例研究 Crow Wing County Landfill,Brainerd,MN,USA 美国明尼苏达州布雷纳德乌鸦座县垃圾填埋场,Built GCCS in 2008,installed boil
31、er in 2009 气体收集控制系统于2008年建成，锅炉在2009年安装Energy(natural gas)cost savings=$5,000/winter 能源（天然气）节约成本=$5,000/冬天Registered project with CAR&sold verified emission reductions 项目于CAR登记并出售核实减排,Raypack Raytherm H1125 atmospheric boilerRaypack Raytherm H1125常压锅炉Supplies heat for in-floor heating system in 1,000
32、 m2 maintenance building 提供热能给1000平方米的维护大楼Uses 50 m3/hr LFG 使用50立方米/小时的填埋气,Combined Heat and Power Case Study 热电联产实例研究Antioch,IL,USA 美国伊利诺斯州安提阿,First school to use LFG for CHP 第一所学校使用填埋气于热电联产12 microturbines with 360 kW capacity12台360千瓦的微型涡轮机Waste heat produces 306,000 kJ/hour of hot water余热产生306,00
33、0千焦耳/小时的热水School saves$100,000/year 学校节省了$100,000/年,Combined Heat and Power Case Study 热电联产实例研究 Jefferson City Landfill Jefferson City,MO,USA 美国密苏里州杰斐逊城杰斐逊城垃圾填埋场,Hot water&steam meet entire thermal demand of 2 prisons 热水及蒸汽满足了2间监狱的所有热需求量Saves state 20-50%of annual energy costs 节省了该州20-50的年度能源成本,Local law requires Columbia Water&Light to generate or purchase electricity from renewable resources 当地法律规定了哥伦比亚水光生产或购买再生资源的电力LFG piped 5.6 kilometers to CHP plant at prisons 在监狱中，填埋气经过5.6公里的管道送到热电联产电厂,Thank You 谢谢！Bryce Lloyd,OWT H.K.包乐莱，香港浩宏环保Email电邮：.hk,
