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1、,Done(过去分词)表被动、表完成,过去分词的性质过去分词既有动词性质,也有形容词和副词性质1)动词性质表现为:可以有自己的状语并组成过去分词短语。He likes to read the books written by luHun.(过去分词短语)译:他喜欢读鲁迅写的书2)形容词和副词性质表现为:过去分词(短语)在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等,过去分词(短语)作表语The children were satisfied with his explanation译:孩子们对他的解释感到满意She looked worried译:她看起来很焦急。过去分词(短语)用在系动词之后作表语,和
2、句子主语之间存在动宾关系。现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态,过去分词(短语)作表语【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,Ving形式表示主动或进行有些动词如 interest,bore,wory,Surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用ing形式来修饰物(1)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语(2)The book is interesting and i m interested in it这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。能够用于get后构成被语态的过去分词不多,常见的有 arrested
3、,brokencaught,cheated,confused,delayed,divorced,dressed,drowned,drunk,elected,engaged,hit,killed,lost,married,stuck-y,习题:The rooms areCso you can t move inA.paintedBpaintingC.being paintedD.to be painted2.As soon as he entered the city.he DA.was losingB got losingC.lostD.got lost(e.g.get hurtget exc
4、itedget pleased3.What he has done is reallyC Now his parentsarehA disappointing;disappointed atB disappointing;disappointed aboutC disappointing;disappointed withD.disappointeddisappointing,过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别:This river is polluted.(过去分词作表语,表状态)译:这条河被污染了This river was polluted by the chemical plant.(过去
5、分词构成被动语态,表动作)译:这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。过去分词作表语,表状态,相当于一个形容词;在被动语态中,过去分词表动作,常由by引出动作的发出者1.The windows are closed.译:窗户是关着的。2.The windows were closed by Jack译:窗户是被杰克关起来的,过去分词的用法过去分词(短语)作定语We should pay attention to our spoken English单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之前,和它所修饰的名词存在动宾(被动)关系This is one of the schools built in 198
6、0This is one of the schools which were built in 1980过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后,与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系,相当于一个定语从句,但是更简洁,习题:m vdryYou d better drink some C waterA boiling B boil C boiled D to be boiled析单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前现在分词表明动作正在进行,过去分词表明动作已经完成。,口过去分词作状语1.过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。(1)Written in a hurry,this article wasnot so good!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好【注意】written为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写。(2)Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,hedidnt hear the sound因为沉溺于思考之中所以他没听到那个声音。,不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已经发生,不表示被动。像:gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,fadedreturned等词。如a retired person一个退休的人a fallen ball|一个落下来的球a burnt-out match烧完了的火柴,
