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1、托福阅读主要话题分类汇总一、 生命科学类时间涉及话题核心词汇1、昆虫01-10蚂蚁生存5000万年的原因Predatory eusocial insect/ predator/specialization/cooperation/forage for food/defend the nest/nest intruder/larva/labor category/caste/termite /solitary ant02-05蚂蚁信息素Pheromones(chemical signals)/fire ant/aggregation/solitary ant/colony odor/identi
2、fy intruder/colony integrity/alarm pheromone/scurry/mark its trails/ ergate /soldier/queen ant03-10蚂蚁间交流Forage/lay a trail/migration/stinger to/trail pheromone/leafcutter/evaporate pheromone/receptor/antenna06-06-2406-12-03蜜蜂沟通Honey bee/Worker bee/Social/Scout/Scent/Pollen dance00-10-3蝴蝶多样性Variety /
3、 Category / DiversityRichness / DistributionTropical and temperate regions2、鸟类02-10始祖鸟Flying vertebrate/reptile/pterosaur/lizard/fossile/wingspan/ancestor/quarry/link between dinosaur and bird00-01人工孵化Aviculturist/incubation/parrot/temperature/humidity/gradient/hatch/evaporate/artificial incubation/
4、laboratory condition/viability/survivability/insulator01-05鸟类换毛Molt / Feather / Wear outOutermost / Innermost01-08鸟类欺骗战术Deception strategy/ground-nesting/trick/predator/several ploy/emit/mimic/incubate/broken-wing display/flop03-01鸟类在岩壁上筑巢Nesting on cliff/mate/lay/rear/raven/predator/relaxation of t
5、he defence /gull/kittiwake07-1-13鸟类迁徙Migrate/Predict/Artificial sun/Real sun/Guide/Star/Inner clock 06-12-8鸟的鸣叫Twitter/Parents/Predator/Higher frequency/Gene3、水生动物03-01浮游生物繁盛期与石油Mesozoic ear/Cretaceous period/plankton/float/precipitate/silica/Calcium carbonate/sediment/deposit/accumulate/remain/calc
6、ium carbonate-secreting/amass/prolific/bury/petroleum05-01北美雀鳝Wetland region/needlelike teeth/snout/slender/alligator gar/adept/fast sideways snap/jaw/stealthy approach/marsh/aquatic habitat/prehistoric/swimming bladder06-7-1507-3-23鳟鱼Predator/Gravel/Celsius degree/Survival environment07-8-25鱼类体液渗透平
7、衡Body fluid/Gill/Permeate/Balance/Solute/Urine05-12-17海豚的智慧Dolphin/Intellective4、动物习性02-10-3动物的意识与认知能力Animal behaviorist/anticipate/coordinate/consciousness/honeybee/nectar/figure-eight pattern/hive/intelligence/cognition/otter/rudimentary tool/chimpanzee/summing ability04-5-1动物哺育下一代Calve/marsupial/
8、 spiny anteater/placental mammal/offspring/descendant/reptile/crocodile/caterpillar/paralyze/venom/store/larva/parental care/forage/shield/survive04-8-5动物使用工具Primate/chimpanzee/ants and termites/anvil/hammer/modify/twig/strip/probe hole/woodpecker finch/cactus spine/prey/beak /anemone/octopus/forest
9、-dwelling primate/intruder07-03-04动物保温机制Thermoregulation/Blubber/Bladder/Metabolic06-06-09生物钟规律Biological clock/Bat/Nightly animal06-10-18动物拟态行为Mimesis/Camouflage/Predator06-10-28食草动物摄食行为Vegetarian/Stern/Leaves/Ruminate06-10-15蝙蝠和寄生虫Bat/Gregarious/Parasite/Beneficial06-09-15动物捕食最优化Predator/Prey/Opti
10、mize5、灭绝与进化02-01史前人类活动导致巨型动物灭绝Subsist/hunter/gatherer/Pleistocene epoch/paleontologist/prehistoric/mass extinction/overhunting/mammoth/giant ground sloth/giant bison/direct competition/demise/carnivore/predator/survive02-08物种灭绝Extinct/perish/ecological change/temperature/demise/dinosaur/plankton in
11、the ocean/periodic extinction/intersection/Earths orbit/comet/eliminate/adapt/evolutionary06-12-16动物体型进化Body size/Limit/Reproduce/Special adaptation07-01-27物种适应性Biological diversity/ecosystem/fragility/fringe marine ecosystem/habitat destruction/irreversible/mass extinction/physical event/climatic/c
12、osmic/die out/demolish/biological devastation/adaptation6、植物05-08菌类Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic matter/antibiotics/penicillin04-01苔藓Lichen/hardiest/framework/fungus/alga/stagnant/ph
13、otosynthese/dormant/dew/ultraviolet ray/stain/lichen colony /offspring/encounter/ stalk-like bud02-01北美郁金香Tulip/Holland/cultivation/tenuous line/colonize/carnation/settler/tulip bulb/grumble/tulip entrepreneur/salesperson/ nostalgic longing/homesick08-01-05植物的积极防御和消极防御Symbiotic specy/mechanism/perfo
14、rmed/passive/inducible/active/toxic/deterrent/immune system/vertebrate7、动植物关系01-05为何树冠内小动物少Canopy/twig/mammal/warm blooded/gap/tree crown02-09松鼠与橡树Naturalist/ecologist/squirrel/acorn/disperse/scurry/pesky seed predator/regeneration/dispersal/seed maturity/germination/spread/reproduce/pry off/discard
15、/litter07-06-24动植物间的互利与共生Symbiosis/Pollination/Fungus/Symbiotic8、其他生命03-08生命起源Putrefy/microscopically/bacteria/microorganism/spontaneous generation/hypothetical/chemist/microbiologist/Pasteur/guncotton filter/alcohol/ether/solid particle/microscope slide/mold/singe-celled/microbial cell/postulate/de
16、posit/glass flask/teem with/proponent/swan-neck flask/sterilize05-08菌类Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic matter/antibiotics/penicillin9、生物学原理07-01-1307-01-27物种适应性Biological diversity/Ecos
17、ystem/Fragility/Habitat destruction/mass extinction/Climatic/Biological devastation/Adaptation07-03-04物种分类方法Monad/Fungus/Algae二、 欧美历史类1、城市历史00-01费城Agricultural hinterland / Colonial city / Occasional trade / Eradicate / Prosper / Economic and demographic growth01-08洛杉矶Inhabitant / Migrant / Irrigati
18、on / Aqueduct / Decentralized / Landscape / Suburb / Urban06-06-16伦敦Roman conquest of Britain / Capital of the world / Metropolitan area / Multi-cultural / Financial exports06-10-15城市化Industrialization / Agricultural revolution / TransportationConstruction / Urbanization / Skyscraper2、农业历史03-8-2农民Ag
19、rarian movement / Morality / Infrastructure / CanalFrontier land / Industrialization / Urbanization04-8-4美国水利建设Drought / Dam / Reservoir / Hydroelectric power / Irrigation07-01-13新英格兰农业发展Bean / Squash / Pumpkin / Soil fertility / ExploitativeSustainable07-12-08水稻种植Moisture / Flourish / Plow / Transp
20、lant3、原住民及其文明05-05移民与原住民融合Scandinavian / Autonomy / Gender division / CultivationHorticulture / Log cabin / Frontier04-05美国东南部居民Cultivate / Louisiana / Alabama / Georgia / FloridaRocky Mountain / Mississippian / descendant07-10-28印第安人Gender difference / Spiritual / Preserve / CollisionRepresentative
21、06-12-01印加文明Inca Empire / Pre-Columbian America / HighlandReorganization / Cult / Peru4、行业历史00-10工作时间变化Anthropologist / Pre-industrial society / Industrial RevolutionDepression years of the 1930s / Adjustment01-01北美殖民地时期工匠Artisan / Carpenter / Weaver / FabricateArtificial light / Shortcut04-08华盛顿早期报
22、纸Event / Neutral in politics / Religious / TerritoryGraphic / Illustration / Opinion / Sensationalism02-10美国报纸采用气象图Weather map / Publisher / Distributor / InaugurateCloud-cover photos / Pictorial 06-10-15经济发展史Economic phenomena / Statistic methods Demographic history06-12-16工具机械化生产Mechanization / Ph
23、ysical requirements Manual labor / Automation / Steam powered lathe 5、 经济发展与工业革命06-03-0307-12-10工业革命Agriculture / Manufacturing / Transportation / Industrializationmanual labor-based economy / Steam power 01-05农业经济转向工业经济 Artisan / Industrialization / capital-intensivelabor-intensive / raw material /
24、 specialization 6、历史事件06-11-05人类发现美洲大陆Pre-Columbian / Post-Columbian / Indigenous peoplesNative Americans / Ancient ruins / Evidence07-01-19英美代表制Colony / Representative communityHeritage / Election rights / mandate 7、其他文明及其历史06-11-1808-03-02中东地区矿产与文明发展Middle-Ease Region / Ore / Mineral / Apprentice
25、/ Centralization / Prosperous07-04-21斯巴达与雅典社会对比Ancient Greece / Sparta / Athens / Assembly Obedience and war / Warriors / Birthplace of democracy07-02-0307-07-0708-04-26中国Centralization / The Yellow River floodsSilt / Drought / Great Wall / Military Demand / Authorize08-01-19 08-03-29日本Origination /
26、 Southeast Asia / Korea influenceDistinct Characteristics / Archeology discovery三、 自然科学类1、土壤00-01土壤构成（老）Particles / Clay / Sediment / Sieve05-0508-03-08微量元素Minerals / Organic farming / Chemical fertilizer / Vitamin03-08土壤区Soil-region / Humid / Arid / Annual precipitation / Acidic /Alkaline08-3-23土壤构
27、成（新）Mechanic formation / Biochemical formationChemical formation / Acid rain2、岩石01-05岩石与全球冰河期Varve / Layer / Deposit / Glacial 02-05岩石Deposit of clay / Elements / Compounds / Oxides silica05-05岩石年代鉴定Hardness of the rock / Mudstone / Sediment06-12-1矿石Mineral / Abundant mineral / Scarce mineral3、冰川01-
28、10冰川形成Glacier / Snowflack / Cementation / Crystallization / Temperate glacier06-2-3绿色冰川Illusion / Mineral / Organic compound / The Arctic Circle4、海洋01-01海洋保护区Marine sanctuaries Program / Sanctuary status / Habitat degradation / Overexploitation05-0819世纪海洋学Oceanography / Map of seabed / Ocean current
29、06-03-1706-10-22海水正蓝Reflective / Penetrate / Ripple / Particles07-02-0308-02-03海洋能源Wave energy / generator / Tidal energy / mill grainsThermal energy / power plant5、地理现象04-05加州死亡谷Death Valley / chemically corrosive nature / Wedge / Evaporation / Shatter07-01-14上升地形Terrain / Uplift / Crust / Pressure
30、06-10-2107-09-2108-1-1308-3-29火山喷发Volcano eruption monitoring / Dormant / Seismic activity / Thermal monitoring / Infrared radiometry / Gas emission07-01-1907-07-07城市热岛效应High urban temperatures / Minimize evaporation / Trap heat air / Waste heat6、能源06-10-08石油Formation / Compression / Ancient organic
31、 materials / Exploitation / Oil field06-11-0508-01-19天然气Low density / Compressible / PollutionGreenhouse effect7、地球02-08热量转换Latitude / Equator / semi-tropical / temperate zone / frigid zone / ocean current / latent heat04-01地球大气Atmosphere / Hydrogen / Carbondioxide / Oxygen / Volcano eruption06-11-0
32、3天气预测Weather forecast / Computer model / Accuracy / Marginal effectObservation06-12-1007-01-1907-04-2907-09-0808-03-15板块学说Continental drift Plate tectonic theory Heat energy / Continental margins8、其他天体02-01彗星Comet / Nucleus / Halleys comet / Dust particle02-08月球Terrain / Maria / Terrace / Crater 01-04木星Jupiter / Atmosphere / Great red spot / Hurricane / Primeval heat05-01金星大气Venus / Carbon dioxide / Nitrogen / surface pressure / sulfuric acid06-04-2808-03-02两类行星Terrestrial planet / Jovian planet / Density Atmosphere escape velocity
