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1、I Global distribution of giant fields,II Plate tectonics and Basin classification,III Distribution of giant fields in different,types of basins,IV Summary,LECTURE OUTLINE,I Global distribution of giant fields,?,Basic stats,?,Distribution,?,Salient features of giant field,?,Discovery history of giant
2、 fields,LECTURE OUTLINE,1 bbl oil=6000 cf gas,Number of Giant Fields,Carmalt and St.Johns(1986):502,甘克文,（,1992,）：,427,（,310&117),Halbouty(2001):437(276&151),Mann et al.(2001):592,Mann et al.(2003):877(end 2002),Horn(2004):910(end 2003),Mann et al.(2007):945(,end 2007,),可采储量,主力储集层,序,号,名称,国家,盆地,油,/10,
3、4,t,气,/10,8,m,3,油当量,/10,4,t,圈闭,类型,层位,岩性,1,盖瓦尔,/,Ghawar,沙特,波斯湾,1 659,600,56 633,2 114,400,背斜,上侏罗,统,砂屑石灰,岩,2,大布尔干,/,Greater,Burgan,科威,特,波斯湾,819 900,1,2 035 916 600,背,斜,下白垩,统,砂岩,3,萨法泥亚,/,Safaniya,沙特,波斯湾,477 500,1 444,489 100,背,斜,下白垩,统,砂岩,4,马伦,/,Marun,伊朗,扎格罗,斯,259 200,2,1 917 435 200,背,斜,中新统,碳酸盐岩,5,南和北鲁
4、迈,拉,/,Rumaila N,&S,伊拉,克,波斯湾,327 400,4 531,363 800,背,斜,下白垩,统,砂岩,6,阿瓦士,/,Ahwaz,伊朗,扎格罗,斯,300 100,6 796,354 700,背,斜,中新统,砂岩,7,加奇萨兰,/,Gachsaran,伊朗,扎格罗,斯,272 900,9 016,345 600,背斜,中新统,石灰岩,8,扎库姆,/,Zakum,阿联,酋,波斯湾,290 900,3 681,320 500,背,斜,下白垩,统,石灰岩,9,马尼法,/,Manifa,沙特,波斯湾,233 300,1 356,244 200,背,斜,下白垩,统,砂屑石灰,岩,
5、10,基尔库克,/,Kirkuk,伊拉,克,扎格罗,斯,219 600,1 133,228 700,背,斜,渐新统,碳酸盐岩,世,界,10,个,最,大,油,田,基,本,特,征,可采储量,序,号,名称,国家,盆地,油,(100 x10,4,t,),气,(10,8,m,3,),凝析油,(100 x10,4,t),油当量,(100 x10,4,t),圈闭,类型,储层,岩性,储层时代,1,诺斯,/,North Field,卡塔尔,波斯湾,254 849,1 456,21 920,构造,白云岩,晚二叠世,2,南帕尔斯,/,Pars South,伊朗,波斯湾,177,99 108,2 428,10 564
6、,构造,白云岩,晚二叠世,3,乌连戈伊,/,Urengoy,俄罗斯,西西伯,利亚,164,94 985,205,7 995,构造,砂岩,晚白垩世,4,扬堡,/,Yamburg,俄罗斯,西西伯,利亚,43 563,73,3 571,构造,砂岩,晚白垩世,5,扎波利亚尔,/Zapolyarnoye,俄罗斯,西西伯,利亚,44,34 263,96,2 891,构造,砂岩,晚白垩世,6,哈西鲁迈勒,/,Hassi RMel,阿尔及利,亚,古达米,斯,8,28 322,544,2 826,构造,砂岩,晚三叠世,7,阿斯特拉罕,/Astrakhan,俄罗斯,滨里海,25 383,640,2 678,礁,有
7、孔虫,灰岩,晚石炭世,8,西北穹隆,/Northwest,Dome,卡塔尔,波斯湾,22 653,1 819,构造,碳酸盐,岩,二叠纪,9,卡拉恰加纳克,/Karachaganak,哈萨克斯,坦,滨里海,13 929,682,1 801,礁,珊瑚灰,岩,晚石炭世,10,拉格萨费德,/,Rag-E-Safid,伊朗,扎格罗,斯,421,16 965,1 783,构造,碳酸盐,岩,中新世,世,界,10,个,最,大,气,田,基,本,特,征,Of all giant,reserves,three-quarters are found in,the Middle East,Latin America a
8、nd Asia-Pacific,OPEC countries account for just over half,OECD countries comprise only 15%of,combined giant field reserves.,Geographic Distribution of Reserves in Giant Fields,Although there are large variations in reserve,estimates,giant fields contain,at least 65%,of,the worlds proved reserves.,Kn
9、owledge of their tectonic setting,geologic,history and conditions for hydrocarbon,formation will contribute greatly to,understanding the origin and,future supply,of,the worlds hydrocarbons.,Significance of Giant Fields,Geographic distribution PDF,Global distribution of,945,giant oil fields plotted o
10、n topographic-bathymetric,world map.Yellow boxes indicate concentrations of giant oil fields shown in,detailed figures.Alaska;Bass Strait/Australia/Tasmania;Rocky,Mountain foreland;Permian and Anadarko basins;Gulf of Mexico;,Northern South America;Southern California;Brazil;North Sea;,North Africa;W
11、est Africa;West Siberia;Arabian Peninsula/Persian,Gulf;Black Sea;Caspian Sea;Ural Mountains;Siberia;China;,Sunda;NW Australia;,area,GGF,Chinese GGF,Global map of geologic age of the reservoirs in giant fields,4 fields,in China,Map of reservoir lithology in giant fields of the Eastern Hemisphere,Map
12、of reservoir lithology in giant fields of North America,Map of reservoir lithology in giant fields of,South America,Any difference,Why,Geographic distribution of petroleum,reservoirs,sorted by lithology,Global map of trap types in giant fields,Map of Giant Fields,Categorized According to Years Since
13、 Discovery,Tectonic Setting of Giant Fields,Mann et al.,2003,Distributions of Giant Fields,Found in 1990s,33155 mmbo,314.6 tcf(52433 mmboe),Middle East 26%(reserves),16%(field number),35%(reserves),46%(field number),Middle East 44%(reserves),20%(field number),21%(reserves),35%(field number),75,203,2
14、78(27%),151,276,427(35%),24,254,278(9%),93,427(22%),334,(Halbouty,2001),traps,Brazil 1;Angola 7;GOM 2;Indonesia,Australia,Norway,Philippines and Russia one each.,Distributions of Giant Fields,Found duirng 2000-2005,I Global distribution of giant fields,II Discovery trend and outlook of energy supply
15、,III Plate tectonics and Basin classification,IV Distribution of giant fields in different,types of basins,V Summary,LECTURE OUTLINE,1.Discovery of giant fields peaked in 1960s and 1970s.,2.Most of the giants fields discovered are in basins with known,petroleum,indicating exploration potential in th
16、ese basins.,3.Few major new oil/gas basins have emerged.,4.Deepwater giants contribute significantly to the giant field inventory,全球,21,世纪发现的大油气田区域分布图,33155 mmbo,314.6 tcf(89,083,亿方,),33155 mmbo,314.6 tcf(89,083,亿方,),远景资源量,1086,亿吨,地质资源量,765,亿吨,探明储量,248,亿吨,待探资源量,517,亿吨,可采资源量,212,亿吨,探明可采储量,70,亿吨,待探明可采
17、资源量,142,亿吨,剩余可采储量,25,亿吨,全国石油资源评价结果,远景资源量,55.9,万亿方,地质资源量,35,万亿方,探明储量,4.4,万亿方,待探资源量,30.6,万亿方,可采资源量,22,亿吨,探明可采储量,2.8,万亿方,待探明可采资源量,19.2,万亿方,剩余可采储量,2.4,万亿方,全国天然气资源评价结果,2,、中国油气资源量、储量、产量,115,个,盆地,Distribution of Oil and Gas Fields in China,Red:oil field,Orange:gas field,Oil is first found in the minds of m
18、en.,Oil exploration is a dynamic art.,Never say“never”.,Never,-Say-,Never to Exploration Areas,New Ideas,New Tools,Changed,Economics,New Discoveries,in Old Areas,Exploration strategies for senior managers of COC,1.There are still giant fields to be discovered;,2.Giant fields can be found in the foll
19、owing areas:,mature basins:new idea(new plays,e.g.Penglai 19-3,new idea+new technology,GOM sub-salt),mature basins:old idea but new technology(e.g.Qianmiqiao),basin with low exploration maturity:play ideas in mature,basins(analogue),both new and old technologies.,3.Reserves additions are largely fro
20、m basins with known oil in,USA.Producing basins should be remained as our main,regions.,Historical US Reserves(B bbls)Additions,(McCable,AAPG,11/1998),Future exploration areas and plays,?,Large resource base,bright exploration future,By end of 2005,6,963 million tonnes of oil in,place had been prove
21、n.The discovery maturity is,around 33%and the exploration maturity is,moderate.Oil exploration potential is considered,to be significant.,By the same year end,3.5 TCM of gas in place,had been proven.The discovery maturity is,around 16%and the exploration is in the early to,intermediate stages.Gas exploration potential is,tremendous.,a.,Intra-continental foreland basins and mountain,front thrust belts,b.,Paleo-uplifts and their slopes in cratonic basins,c.,Large scale stratigraphic and lithological plays,d.,Offshore areas,?,Exploration areas and plays,
