《会计外文翻译电算化会计档案的管理.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《会计外文翻译电算化会计档案的管理.doc（9页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、电算化会计档案的管理沙维尔津森 【摘 要】 随着会计电算化事业的不断发展，会计档案的管理工作也发生了变化，手工会计下所釆用的档案管理办法已不适应电算化会计的需要。因此，必须加强会计电算化系统的档案建设，即加快会计档案管理的信息化建设，以适应新时期会计电算化提出的新要求，建好用好电子财务档案，提高财务档案管理工作水平和财务管理工作效率，更好的服务于企业经济建设。 【关键词】 会计电算化 会计档案管理 档案建设 电子财务档案 所谓会计电算化，是指计算机技术在会计工作中的应用，即釆用电子计算机替代人工记账、算账、报账，以及对会计信息进行分析和利用的工程。会计电算化后，提高了会计核算与物资管理的准确性
2、、规范性和工作效率，减轻财会人员的劳动强度，使财会人员从繁重的手工劳动和繁琐的核算事务中摆脱出来，更好地参与单位的经营决策，加强财务管理。加强会计档案管理信息化是企业会计电算化改革和发展的客观需要，是时代发展的必然，是会计档案管理发展方向。管好用好财务档案是企业财会工作向高水平发展的重要前提。 手工会计方式下，数据记录主要依靠工作人员的手工记录，出现记录错误的可能性加大，而且同一类数据可能会重复多次记录。数据保存介质是“纸”介质，保存这些介质需要占用很大的空间，还需进行防火、防水、防潮、防盗等工作。在电算化会计工作环境下，数据保存介质是“磁盘”，磁性介质。磁性介质的釆用节约了数据的保存空间，也
3、使数据存取方便，同时通过数据拷贝、转入等方法避免了手工记录中出现重复记录的现象。磁性介质的保存除了需要纸介质保存所需的部分工作外，还要进行防病毒、防磁化等工作。山于磁盘存在着物理易损性，需要对磁盘进行备份工作。众所周知，传统的会计档案是指会计凭证、会计账簿和会计报表等会计核算专用材料，它是记录和反映经济业务的重要史料和证据。这些史料和证据具有严格的数据平衡性、时序性和严肃性，不得随意篡改。在企业信息化建设的过程屮，财务保障范围的拓展和管理要求的提高，迫切需要会计档案管理手段的变革和管理效能的提高。建设电子财务档案，实现财务档案的网络化管理，是搞好企业财务档案管理的必然选择。各级企事业单位实行会
4、计电算化以后，由于产生了许多依附于计算机磁性介质上的数据与文件，财务人员的所有日常工作以及历年会计资料的调阅均在计算机上完成，随之而使会计档案赋予了许多新的特点。本文根据工作的实践，总结出会计电算化会计档案具有以下显著特点。第一，较之传统的财务档案，会计电算化档案存储的范围和领域扩大了。第二，传统的会计档案具有直观可视性，而存储在磁性介质上的会计档案必须在特定的计算机硬件与软件系统环境中才可使用。即会计电算化档案的调用需要一定的软硬件环境。第三，会计电算化档案的载体不仅是通过打印等输出的传统意义上的纸张，更主要的是磁性介质或光盘。即会计电算化档案的保管不仅是作为会计资料信息载体的纸张而且更重要
5、的是磁性介质或光盘。第四，电子财务档案便于计算、分析，快捷获得所需结果。如果电子财务档案上网，通过计算机操作和网络交流，不仅满足了日常条件查询、统计分析、制作数据报表、开展数据交换的需要，达到档案信息资源共享、无纸化查阅和方便快捷的目的，节约了办公成本，避免了原始档案由于频繁翻阅而带来的磨损，还有利于专业管理，便于档案资源的统一整合，极大地提高了工作效率和工作质量。第五，电子财务档案易于修正、拷贝和重置，便于纠错、携带和传递。 正如上而所述，电子财务档案或财务档案信息化有很多优点，但也有不足的一而。如具有系统依赖性，即需要一定的软硬件环境支持，只能在特定的条件下才能打开，不具备传统档案的直接可
6、视性，还具有易遭毁损、难查痕迹的特点，同时它们又受载体的质量、载体存放环境、载体存储信息的有效期等条件的影响，即对会计电算化档案的安全性、完整性要求更高。实行电算化的时间越长，会计档案与财务软件的版本数越多，即会计电算化档案更需要科学的管理。因此，即使实现了财务档案管理的信息化，在归档中也需要实行所谓的“双套制”，即将同一份档案的纸质版和电子版同时归档。电算化会计档案工作的内容有以下几点：1、搞好数据挖掘和整理，建好数据库，并及时釆集动态数据。档案信息的数字化是整个档案管理信息化的基础，其他的一切工作都建立在此基础之上。传统的档案大都以纸质为载体，实现档案管理的信息化，必须向数字化档案管理转变
7、。未来的财务档案室就是财务挡案的数据釆集源泉和基地，是数据存储、管理、处理、查询、检索、传递的数字化信息服务工作基地。在财务档案数字化的基础上，必须建立企业财务档案数据库，可以按企业财务档案的内容分类建立若干个主要的数据库，如按标准制度、原始凭证、会计账簿、指标文件、工作资料等建立几个主要基本数据库。数据库一经建立，立即着手数据的录入，将本单位的财务档案资料都录入计算机。2、搞好财务档案信息网络建设，提高档案使用效率。档案的最大价值在于利用，档案管理信息化的实现将为档案信息的充分利用提供广阔天地。建立完善的财务档案信息网络，一方面可以将业务上级的文档以及本级各单位的相关文件直接进入或转换进入档
8、案数据库，减少档案人员的重复录入工作，保证档案信息的完整性。另一方而也可以实行联机公共目录查询、光盘远程检索服务，也可以通过电子邮件或885等方式开展财务档案信息咨询。总之，网络财务档案的在线管理和使用功能，可以大大减少档案在形成、调阅上的时空差，实现财务档案管理山静态管理向动态管理的跨越，整合财力资源、人力资源，提高财务档案管理能力和质量。3、搞好财务档案管理辅助决策系统建设，做到定量分析与定性分析相结合，科学管理使用档案。财务档案信息通过釆集整理和网络传输，最终要提供给各级领导、决策部门、财务人员处理和运用。由于信息量大、保障要求高，仅凭有关人员的经验来处理问题是不行的，必须依赖于先进的、
9、智能化程度较高的辅助决策系统。以管理科学、计算机科学、行为科学和控制论为基础，以计算机技术、人工智能技术、经济数学等为手段，建立决策支持系统。该系统能对一个问题提出多种方案，并对方案进行比较、分析和优化，最大限度地提高财务保障的决策水平和决策质量。4、做好电算化会计档案工作是会计工作中的重要部分。电算化会计档案是电算化会计活动的产物，又是电算化会计活动的客观表现，在经济活动中具有史料和查证作用。所以加强电算化会计档案管理是电算化会计工作连续进行的保证，是电算化会计信息系统内数据安全完整的保证，是电算化会计信息系统正常运行的保证。因此，必须做好会计凭证的收集和整理、会计账簿的收集和整理、会计报表
10、的收集和整理、会计电算化系统开发文档资料的收集和整理、磁盘数据的收集和整理。5、提高财务档案管理人员的信息化素质。财务档案管理信息化是不断完善、优化的过程，始终要依赖于档案人员素质的提高。建设一支高素质的财务档案干部队伍，是财务档案管理信息化的重要基础。财务部门要补充具有计算机、通信、微电子等学历背景的技术人员，逐步改变现有业务人员队伍专业结构单一的情况，满足信息化建设工作的需要;加强财务档案人员的继续教育，以分层次、分阶段和根据业务需要进行培训为原则，着重加强财务档案管理人员的信息化技术培训及应用新技术、新设备、新方法的培训，提高其掌握和运用信息技术和信息手段的意识和技能。建立合理的财务档案
11、管理人员的效绩考核评价规定，对财务档案管理信息化能力强、成绩好的单位和个人要及时进行表彰，激励大家学信息化、用信息化。此外，还要对计算机信息化技术人员进行一定的档案工作、财务管理工作知识和技能的介绍，使其了解财务档案工作的客观规律，更好地为财务档案管理信息化提供技术支持。电算化会计档案中易有以下问题：1、实行会计电算化之后，存贮在硬盘上的会计数据必须建立软盘备份。根据账务系统管理制度和报表系统管理制度的规定，账务数据和报表数据的备份由数据管理员建立。备份次数每月不得少于一次；备份的软盘与档案管理员办理存档手续;用做备份的软盘必须妥善保管；备份软盘应贴上保护标签并用印章或封条签封；备份软盘应装在
12、保护封条和包装盒内，存放在安全、洁净、防热、防潮、防磁的场所，并定期进行转贮；双备份下的两套备份软盘应存放在不同的地点保管。2、会计电算化系统数据，执行主体和保存介质存在安全隐患。会计电算化系统数据执行主体是计算机。计算机系统山硬件和软件构成。由于硬件系统存在物理易损性，一旦硬件系统出现故障或因停电等其他非人为原因，将导致数据不能被处理，会计工作不能进行。数据处理的准确、髙效主要依赖于财务软件的质量和性能。一旦软件质量出现问题将会影响到数据处理的准确和速度。一旦程序中出现严重的病毒，将会严重危害系统的安全，若不能及时排除病毒很有可能扩大损失。会计数据主要保存在计算机的磁盘或者外在软盘、光盘中，
13、一旦磁介质由于受热、受潮、折损等原因出现损坏，保存的会计数据将会丢失，如果没有相关备份的话，将给会计电算化系统造成严重的损失，严重影响到企业的会计工作。磁性介质以磁信号存储信息，如果数据被人恶意修改不会留下任何痕迹。所以我们还应对整个计算机系统的安全性、稳定性做一定的工作，如计算机病毒的防范。3、电算会计档案必要有专人管理。会计电算化系统的实施主体是“人”，但无论软件质量如何优良，规章制度如何完善，作为电算化会计系统实施主体的“人”不能发挥作用，有制度而不去执行，甚至恶意地修改软件程序，修改数据库中的数据，非法取得口令，都是不行的。因此，企业管理者应当重视对档案工作人员的选用与培养，增强档案工
14、作人员的职业道德水准和业务水平，达到电算会计档案管理系统的主体诚信。这就要求会计电算化系统在处理业务时所产生的各种账簿、报表、凭证均应由专人管理，并制定相应的管理制度。4、加强会计电算化系统网络环境的管理与维护。网络安全性的指标主要包括数据保密、访问控制、身份识别等。采用密码管理和登陆制度控制网上财务数据的读取;起用防火墙，隔离会计电算化系统与外部访问区之间的联系，限制外界透过防火墙对会计信息系统数据库进行非法访问；釆用数据加密、回响检查等技术手段进行网络管理以防止由于遮荫问题、设备故障导致数据丢失以及不法分子非法拦截盗用财务数据信息等安全隐患，保障会计电算化系统网络环境的安全运行。 随着电子
15、计算机技术、网络技术的不断发展，档案管理信息化代替传统的手工工作是必然趋势。目前，档案管理信息系统已经在各个企事业单位、政府部门广泛应用。加强和完善电算化会计档案管理，将成为各个企业在财务工作以及在整个企业经营管理工作中必须考虑的问题，财务档案管理的好坏将直接影响到企业的管理和效益。我们相信随着会计电算化事业的蒸蒸日上，会计电算化档案的管理工作也一定会更出色。File Management of Computerized Accountant Xavier Bonus 【Abstract】 With the development of computerized accounting,the
16、management of accounting files has changed as well. The manual accounting methods used in records management dont meet computerized accountings needs any more.Therefore, we need to improve computerized accounting files management, so as to speed up the accounting records managements information buil
17、ding to fit in with the new requirements of computerization.We also need to make a good record of computerized financial files to improve financial records management and to serve the enterprises development better.【Key words】 Accounting computerization The management of Accounting Archives Construc
18、tion of Archives Electronic financial archives Computerized accounting refers to the application to information technology in accounting, which uses computer to replace manual bookkeeping, reimbursement, and using information technology to analyze accounting matters. Computerized accounting increase
19、s accounting files accuracy, standardization and efficiency, meanwhile reduces the burden of accountants, so they can have a better participation in management decision-making unit, strengthening financial management. Strengthening the accounting records management information is the need of compute
20、rized accounting reform and the modern times, it is inevitable, and the accounting development direction. Manage and use corporate financial accounting work file is an important prerequisite to the higher development of accounting work. In the traditional manual accounting environment, the subject m
21、atrix, debit and credit ,thebalance sheet, and related analysis of the financial statements are all required to calculate totals manually, making the financial staff workload, but also easily lead to the calculation of data error. In the computerized accounting environment, simply input the original
22、 data transfer mechanism or through an external system credentials and financial software in the computer under the guidance of accounting entries by the audit certificate, modify, confirm complete printout automatically by a computer, subjects summary, loan balance work done automatically by comput
23、er, at the same time it can generate accounting reports as required, which greatly reduces the workload for finance staff, but also avoid such work in computing the total error. As we all know, traditional accounting file is accounting documents, account books andaccounting statements and other acco
24、unting-speci fe material, it is to record and reflect the important historical and economic evidence of the business. These historical data and evidence with a strict balance, timing, and seriousness, not free to tamper with. In the enterprise information construction process, the expansion of the s
25、cope of financial security and management requirements increase, an urgent need to change the accounting file management tools and management performance improvement. Construction of electronic financial records, financial records to achieve network management, improve enterprise financial records m
26、anagement is the inevitable choice.The implementation of computerized accounting enterprises at all levels after a number attached to the computer because of its magnetic media data and documents, all the daily work of financial officers and accounting data calendar year access to all the computer t
27、o complete, followed accounting records to give a lot of new features. This practice, according to the work summarized Accounting file has the following notable features.First, compared to the traditional financial records, computerized accounting records storage areas and areas of expansion.Second,
28、 the traditional accounting files with intuitive visualization, and stored in the magnetic media on the accounting records must be in a particular computer hardware and software system environment before use. Accounting records of the calls that need a certain hardware and software environment.Third
29、, computerized accounting records of the carrier is not only the output by printing the paper in the traditional sense, more important is the magnetic media or CD. Custody of the computerized accounting records accounting information not only information carriers, as the paper and more importantly,
30、magnetic media or CD.Fourth, the electronic financial records to facilitate the calculation, analysis, fast access tothe desired result. If the electronic financial records online, through the exchange of computer operations and networks, not only meets the conditions of daily queries, statistical a
31、nalysis, production data report, the need to carry out data exchange, to file sharing of information resources, paperless and convenient access to the purpose of saving the office costs and avoid reading the original file due to frequent wear and tear brought about, is also beneficial to professiona
32、l management, easy integration of a unified file resources, greatly improve the efficiency and quality of work.Fifth, the electronic financial records easy to amend, copy and reset, easy error correction, carry and transfer.As mentioned above, the electronic financial records or financial records of
33、 information has many advantages, but there are enough side. If a system-dependent, that requires a certain hardware and software environment to support, only to open under certain conditions, do not have direct visibility of traditional archives, but also has easily been damaged, traces of the char
34、acteristics of difficult investigation, while they are also quality by the carrier, carrier storage environment, storage of information carriers conditions of validity, that the computerized accounting records to the security, integrity demanding. The longer the implementation of computerized accoun
35、ting records and financial software version number of the more accounting records that need scientific management. Therefore, even if the implementation of financial records management information, the archive also needs to implement the so-called Double,which means a file with the paper and electro
36、nic versions simultaneously record.We also use computerized accounting data files are conducive to the design data model management and decision-making; establish a more complete decision support system to achieve the accounting records of the re-use of computerized accounting. In the long-term proc
37、ess of Accounting, with the escalation of the software system, we have access to accounting records have the following two conditions: the access to the version number of the accounting records and accounting electric current consistent version of the system operator, this time only the files you ne
38、ed access to the system through computer software, access to the file (or data recovery) functions into the access to lines can be; the access to the accounting records of the version number and the current version number of computerized accounting system is inconsistent, and you only need to instal
39、l another computer file corresponding to this version of Computing system, and then for access to.Financial records management information is continuously improved to optimize the process, staff has to rely on improving the quality of the file. Building a high-quality cadre of financial records, fin
40、ancial records management information is an important foundation. Financial sector to supplement the computer, communications, microelectronics and other academic backgrounds and technical personnel, to gradually change the structure of existing business workforce professional single case, to meet t
41、he information needs of the construction work; strengthening financial records staff, continuing education at different levels phases and in accordance with the principle of business needs for training. Focus on strengthening financial management personnel file information technology training and ap
42、plication of new technologies, new equipment, new methods of training to enhance their control and use of information technology and means of awareness and skills. Financial records to establish a rational management of performance appraisal evaluation provides information on the financial records m
43、anagement ability, good results in time units and individuals to recognize and encourage everyone to learn the information, and use information. In addition, also on the computer information technology staff must work files, financial management knowledge and skills introduction, to understand the o
44、bjective laws of the financial records of work, and better information for financial records management to provide technical support.Computerized accounting exits some problems in the file record:Firstly, after the implementation of computerized accounting, stored in the hard drive must be built on
45、a floppy disk backup of accounting data.Under the Accounting System Management System and reporting system management system provides accounts data and report data by the data administrator to create a backup. Back not less than once per month; backup floppy disk with the file manager handling archi
46、ving procedures; used as a backup floppy disk must be well kept; backup floppy disk label should be affixed to protect and seal with a seal or seals; backup disk should be installed in the protection of seals and the box, stored in a safe, clean, heat, moisture, anti-magnetic place, and regularly tu
47、rn storage; double back under the two sets of backup disk should be stored in different storage locations.Second, the implementation of computerized accounting system data and preserve the media the main security risks exist. The implementation of computerized accounting system data is the main comp
48、uter. Computer system consists of hardware and software form. Because there is the physical vulnerability of hardware systems, once the hardware system failure or power failureand other non-human cause, will result in the data can not be processed, accounting can not. Data processing, accurate and e
49、fficient financial software depends on the quality and performance. Once the software quality problems will affect the accuracy and speed of data processing. Once the program a serious virus, it will seriously jeopardize the safety of the system, if we can not rule out the virus is likely to expand in time loss.Main accounting data stored in computer disk or external floppy, CD-ROM, once the magnetic medium due to heat, moi
