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1、临床执业医师考试大纲复习生物化学名师辅导讲义第一篇 生物化学第1章 蛋白质的结构与功能考纲要求氨基酸与多肽:氨基酸的结构与分类,肽键与肽链。蛋白质的结构:一级结构概念,二级结构(-螺旋),三级和四级结构概念。蛋白质结构与功能的关系:蛋白质一级结构与功能的关系,蛋白质高级结构与功能的关系。蛋白质的理化性质:蛋白质变性。 复习要点一、氨基酸与多肽1氨基酸的结构与分类 组成人体蛋白质的氨基酸有20种,可分为5类(见下表)。待添加的隐藏文字内容32肽键与肽链 (1)肽键 肽或蛋白质多肽链中连接两个氨基酸的酰胺键称肽键。(2)肽 氨基酸通过肽键相连成肽。(3)寡肽 由10个以内氨基酸相连组成的肽称为寡肽
2、。(4)多肽 由10个以上氨基酸相连组成的肽称为多肽。(5)肽单元 参与肽键组成的6个原子(C1、C、O、N、H和C2)位于同一平面,C1和C2在平面上所处的位置为反式构型,此同一平面上的6个原子构成肽单元。其中,肽键的键长为0.132nm,介于CN的单键长(0.149nm)和双键长(0.127nm)之间,所以有一定程度双键性能,不能自由旋转。而C分别与N和CO相连的键都是典型的单键,可以自由旋转。正是由于肽单元上C原子所连的两个单键可以自由旋转,决定了两个相邻肽单元平面的相对空间位置。29C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B
3、6C8795AD9C91FE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AFEDD1B6C87D1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9C91FE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AF95AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9D1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795A1AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9C91FE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AFC91FE4CED1D1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C87
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5、B6C8795AD29C91AFAD9C91FE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AFB6C8795AD29C91AFB6C8795AD29C91AFD1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6D1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9C91D1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9C91FE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AFFE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AFC8795AD9C91FE4CED1B6C87
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