《考研英语翻译技巧-绝对权威版本课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语翻译技巧-绝对权威版本课件.ppt（50页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、汉译英方法与技巧,?,汉语的句法特征：,?,主语由诸多不同类别的词语充当，主语,隐含不显或无主句情况时常可见；谓语,成分复杂，不受主语支配，无人称、数、,时态的变化。句子与句子之间多无明显,的逻辑关系连接。,?,英语句法特征：,?,主语突出，只能由名词或相当于名词性,的词语担任；谓语绝对受主语的支配，,人称和数上必须主谓一致，有时态、语,态和语气的变化；句子与句子之间多以,连接词相联。,牢记！,?,英语是主语显著语言，英语句子构建在,主谓轴上。因此选择确定主语和谓语是,成功构句的关键。,主语的确定,?,1.,以原句主语作为译文主语,?,我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。,?,Our house w
2、as built over a hunderd years,ago.,?,2.,重新确定主语,?,可以是句子中其他词语，也可以是句外词语。,?,他的身材魁梧，长着一副大长方脸。,?,He was a gaint of a man with a long square face.,?,人不可貌相。,?,It is impossible to judge people from their,appearance.,?,3.,增补主语,?,用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自,己的劳动。,?,You realize your ideals through labour and,you guide yo
3、ur labour by ideals.,谓语的确定,?,选择谓语时必须考虑英语句法规范，遵,循“主谓一致”原则，保证谓语和主语,在人称和数上一致，动词时态、语态正,确。鉴于此，强化语法意识，增强句法,观念至关重要。,?,旅途中的情景很多，在此就不一一描写,了。,?,My experiences of this trip are too,numerous to be described one by one.,语序的调整,?,一,.,句内语序调整,?,1.,状语的位置：灵活，一般按照,?,动词,-,方式,-,地点,-,时间,的顺序。,?,他每晚都在图书馆用心读书。,?,He reads har
4、d in the library every evening.,?,2.,定语位置,?,单词作定语放在中心词前，较长定语如词组或,句子则放在中心词之后。,?,举世闻名的万里长城,?,The world famous Great Wall,?,山东曲阜是中国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔,子的故乡。,?,Qufu,Shandong Provience,is the birthplace of,Confucious,a well-known ancient Chinese,thinker and teacher.,句间语序,?,1.S+V+O,，,and/but S+V+O,?,2.,引导词,+,从句
5、,+,主句,或者,?,主句,+,引导词,+,从句,否定句的翻译,?,英语中的否定手段：,?,1.,词汇手段,no/not/never/nor/neither/hardly/rarely/seld,om/scarcely/few/little/,否定前缀或后缀,/lack/fail/deny/miss/exclude/run short/out,of/beyond/without/above/except/before/un,less/other than,?,2.,句法手段,?,Morethan/other than/rather than/know,better than/tooto,方法,
6、?,1.,直接已成否定句,?,注意否定转移情况,?,我认为他不够格。,?,I dont think he is qualified.,?,2.,译成肯定句,?,人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一样。,?,The people is to the peoples army what water is,to fish.,?,他无可指责。,?,He is above blame.,?,他考试不及格。,?,He failed to pass the exam.,?,3.,译成否定句,?,直到,.,才,?,直到考完试我才能去看你。,?,Not until I finish taking the ex
7、am can I pay,a visit to you.,常见方法,?,visit you.,假如你不来，我就去看你。,?,改译法,他提醒我们要注意身体,He warned us to take,care of ourselves,。,?,增译法,不知你是否完成了任务。,I wonder whether,you have finished your task.,许多商店开展买一赠,一的活动。,Many departments provide service of,“Buy One Get One Free”,对应法,If you dont come here,I will go to,?,省译
8、法,你们需要的是快速进步，而不是慢慢,的进步。,You need rapid progress,not slow.,?,调整顺序,我能在这儿坐一会吗？,Can I sit,here for a while,好的建议，谁来提都无所谓。,If the suggestion is advisable,it does not,matter who gives it.,不管晴天阴天，比赛准,时进行。,Rain or shine,the match will go on,time.,转换语态和正反对译,?,这座桥将在今年年,底建成。,The,construction of the,bridge,will
9、be,c,ompleted,by the end,of this year.,我还没来得及拦住她，她,就向大家宣布了这个消,息。,Before,I could stop,her,she shouted the,news to everyone.,当时,女孩子没有受教育的机,会。,Girls were,denied,the chance to education,at that time.,常用的句型,?,Notuntil.,句型,?,1.She did not go to bed until her mother came back.,她,直到她妈妈回来才上床睡觉。,2.Tom did not
10、 watch,TV until he finished his homework.,（,2003.68,）,?,3.It was not until in my thirties that I made this,important discovery:giving-away makes life so much,more exciting.,直到将近不惑之年，我才如梦方醒，,意识到奉献社会使我们的生活更加灿烂。（模拟,1.58,）,?,4.Not until the beginning of the twentieth century did,the human beings learn t
11、o prevent the disease from,spreading.,直到二十世纪初，人类才学会防治疾病的,传播,。,It is reported/said/estimated that,?,It is reported that foreign insurance companies,has,entered,into nineteen Chinese cities so far.,=,made their way,据报道，迄今为止，外国保,险公司已打入中国,19,个城市,。,?,据估计，已经有,100,多万人从这个工程中受益。,Its estimated that more than
12、1 million people,had been benefited from this project.,It is necessary/important for sb to,do sth,?,我们有必要了解一些英语国家和中国的,文化差异。,It is necessary for us to,learn/know some differences between,some English speaking countries and,China.,（,2002.70,）,?,大学生学好英语很重要。,It is important,for university students to le
13、arn English,well.,（,2003.66,）,比较级,?,你练得越刻苦，你取得的进步就越大。,The,harder you practice,the greater progress you,will make.,（,2003.70,）,?,他在各方面都比我好,He is much better than,I in every aspect.,?,This year they have made by far greater,progress in business than they did last,year.,他们今年的业务进展比去年大得多,?,The people the
14、re will pay two or three,times as much as they used to pay for a,house.,对于同一所房子，人们将要支付,的是往常支付钱数的两三倍之多。,Be likely to and not.but.,?,The words and phrases given in this dictionary,are those that are likely to be needed by every,person.,本词典词条所列，都是每个人极可能,用得上的单词和词组。,?,如果你想获得成功，除了努力工作以外别无,选择。,There is no
15、other choices but hard-,working if you want to be successful.,It seems thatand in spite of.,?,It seems strange that,in the past ten years,Mike and I might,just as well have,been in different,worlds.,看起来很奇,怪的是，在过去的,十年里，麦克和我,可能恰好在不同的,世界里。（,2008.57,）,?,In spite of,differences of,opinion,we share a,comm
16、on interest in,the preservation of,the world.,尽管意见,有分歧，我们对维,护世界和平有着共,同的利益。,Although,but and depend on,?,尽管警察怀疑这名,年轻人，但没有足,够证据证明他就是,犯罪。,Although,this young person is,under suspicion,there is no proof to,show he is the,criminal.(2005.80,),?,使我们自己的所为和所,不为决定着我们的未来。,Our future depends on,what we ourselve
17、s,should do,or,not,do.(2007.61),?,我们能否出行取决于天,气。,Our trip,is,dependent on,the,weather.(depends,on)(,模拟,1.64),So.thatand sb have the/no little chance,of/there is little chance of,?,汤姆筋疲力尽，看,着书竟睡着了。,Tom was,so,worn,out,that,he fell,asleep while reading,a book,.,?,He has no chance of,passing the,examina
18、tion.He never,goes his lesson.,他绝没有,及格的可能，因为他从,来不复习功课。,There,is little chance of our,coming to business,because of the big,differences between our,price,.,由于双方价格悬,殊，我们恐怕很难达成,协议。,Scarcely/hardlywhenand sb,wonder,?,He had,scarcely,handed me the letter,when,he asked me to,read.,他把信一交给,我，就叫我念给他,听。（,2002
19、.61,）,?,我想知道他是否能,看英文小说,I,wonder,whether he,can read English,novel well.(2002.67),应试技巧,?,书写工整,?,不要犯低级错误，例如；首字母大写，,简单词不要错，性别正确,试题特点,?,结构简单,?,题材很广,?,重点词汇,?,语言的运用能力,基本方法,?,句子顺序调整,?,分译,?,合译,端午节,每年农历的五月初五是中国的一个民间传,统节日，叫端午节。在这一天，人们要赛龙舟、,吃粽子。这个节日是为了纪念著名诗人屈原。,相传两千多年前，楚国诗人屈原因政治改革，,屡遭保守势力的诽谤，失去楚王的信任，后被,放逐。最终，因
20、国家衰败，理想无法实现，自,投汨罗江而死。,据说，老百姓听到屈原投江自尽，就有人驱,舟去打捞，但没有找到。他们担心屈原的遗体,会被鱼吃掉，便将煮熟的米饭撒到江中。我们,今天吃粽子、赛龙舟的习俗就是因此慢慢演变,而来。,The fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year is a,traditional Chinese gala which is named Dragon Boat,Festival,when people hold dragon boat races and eat,rice dumplings.This gala has bee
21、n practiced to,commemorate the famous Chinese poet,Qu Yuan.,It was recorded that more than two thousand years,ago,Qu Yuan,a great poet in the state of Chu,was,defamed by the conservatives because he was inclined,to reform the government.As a result,he lost the kings,trust and was driven out of the s
22、tate.At last,seeing that,he could not reach his goal in a declining state,he,jumped into the Mi-Luo River and ended his life.,It is said that people went to save him by boat on,hearing of his suicide,but in vain.Therefore,they,threw cooked rice into the river for fear that his body,might be eaten by
23、 fishes.The dumplings we eat and the,dragon boats we race today both result from the story.,在家里，家长可以做一些鼓励孩子发挥创造,力的事情。如果遇到合适的问题，家长可以就,该问题征求孩子的意见，让他们参与决策。家,长还应鼓励孩子大声谈论他们正在做的事情，,大声地谈论有助于提高语言能力和思维能力。,给孩子一些选择的余地也很重要。应该允许孩,子自己作决定并清楚其后果，要让孩子从尽可,能早的年龄开始这样做。做决定有助于培养思,维能力，即便只是在午餐的两种食物的选择上,做决定也行。随着孩子慢慢长大，家长应该让
24、,孩子自己做主支配时间和金钱；当他们做出错,误的决定时，不要不假思索给予过多的帮助。,这种做法可能会使孩子迷惑不解，但这没有关,系。因为富有创造力的人有很强的动力，他们,能够从混乱中创造秩序。,There are things that parents can do at home to,encourage childrens creativity.They can involve,children in decision-making if the problem is,appropriate,asking children for suggestion.Parents,should als
25、o encourage their children to talk out loud,about things they are doing,for talking out loud,improves language skills and thinking skills.It is also,very important to give children choices.From the,earliest age,children should be allowed to make,decisions and understand their consequences.Even if,it
26、s choosing between two food items for lunch,decide,how to use their time or spend their money but not,automatically help them too much if they make wrong,decisions.This may be confusing for children,but that,is all right,because the creative people are of strong,motivation and capable of making orde
27、r out of,confusion.,家,何以为家？家就是爱、支持和信任，是其成,员之间温馨情感共存之处，父母给孩子以呵护，,孩子也关注父母的行为。父母和孩子因爱而紧,密相连，家成为世上最令人愉悦的地方。,没有爱的家庭，如同没有灵魂的躯体，也就,不能称其为“家”。作为社会的一员，没有人,能独自生存。一个人可能过着成功而富足的生,活。但锦衣玉食不一定就幸福。世界历史上的,许多伟人都对家有着深深的眷恋。,也许你的家贫穷而简陋，但这正是你的职责,所在。你应该努力使你的家更温馨舒适，面临,的困难愈大，你的收获愈多。,What makes a home?Love,sympathy and,confid
28、ence.It is a place where kindly affections exist,among all the members of the family.The parents take,good care of their children,and the children are,interested in the activities of their parents.Thus all of,them are bound together by affection,and they find,their home to be the cheeriest place in
29、the world.,A home without love is no more a home than a body,without a soul is a man.Every civilized person is a,social being.Now one should live alone.A man may lead,a successful and prosperous life,but prosperity alone,can by no means insure happiness.Many great,personages in the world history had
30、 deep affections for,their homes.,Your home may be poor and humble,but your duty,lies there.You should try to make it cheerful and,comfortable.The greater the difficulties,the richer will,be your reward.,历年真题翻译评析,中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济与保护环境双重,任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的进程中,将环境保,护视为一项基本国策,将实现经济持续发展视为一项重要战略。,同时
31、在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动。,自改革开放以来的,18,年中，中国国民生产总值的年均增长,率为,10,左右。环境恶化的状况基本得到了控制。实践证明，,我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效,的。,中国作为国际社会中的成员。在努力保护自己环境的同时，,还积极参与国际环保事务。促进国际环保合作，认真履行了国,际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境,的诚意和决心。,人类在解决环境与发展问题中仍面临着大量的难题，任重而,道远。中国将一如既往，与其他国家合作。为保护我们的生存,环境，为人类的幸福和繁荣，为造福下一代而奋斗。,As a developing
32、 country,China is confronted,with the dual task of developing the economy,and protecting the environment.Preceding from,its national conditions,China has in the process,of promoting its overall modernization program,made environmental protection one of its basic,policies regarded the realization of
33、sustained,economic development as an important strategy,and meanwhile carried out throughout the,country campaigns for pollution prevention and,treatment as well as ecological environmental,protection,.,Over the 18 years since its adoption of,reform and opening policy,Chinas gross,national product h
34、as achieved a sustained,average annual growth of around10,percent.While its environment has,basically ceased from deteriorating,the,results of our work have shown that,Chinas endeavor in striking a balance,between economic development and,environmental protection has been effective.,As a member of t
35、he international,community,while making great efforts to,protect its own environment.China has,taken an active part in international,environmental protection affairs to,promote international cooperation in,environmental protection and earnestly,fulfilled her international obligations.All,these have
36、given full expression to the,sincerity and determination of the,Chinese government and people to,protect the global environment.,Mankind still faces a great many,difficulties in solving the problems of the,environment and development and there,is a grand task to perform and a long,way to go.China wi
37、ll do as it did in the,past to cooperate with other countries of,the world and strive for the protection of,the environment for human survival for,the happiness and prosperity of,humanity and for the benefits of our,children.,李成业是文化部翻译组的主任。他认为，语言是一,种活的东西，和我们的日常生活息息相关。他说他十,分幸运，最初做法庭翻译和目前在翻译组里的工作，,使他能
38、够不断的学习和接触两种语言。,当他还在学校教英语的时候，就曾翻译了好多英文,杂志中的文章，投给本地英语报。,他说：“学习语言的动机和兴趣都非常重要。”他,把学习语言比喻为跑步，跑步虽然非常吃力，但运动,员知道它的好处并饶有兴趣，所以还是一点都不觉得,厌倦。,“在学习语言的过程中，我们一定要创造学习语言,的机会和环境。”他认为看电影，阅读和交流等都是,学习语言的好机会。,最后他说：“由于现在大家的时间都很有限，如果,阅读能力短篇故事或一些名人的语录，对我们学习英,语会很有帮助，同时也能增进学习的兴趣。”,Li Chengye is the head of the Ministry,of Cult
39、ures Translation Section.He,believes that language is something alive,which relates/is relevant to our daily life,closely.According to him,he was lucky in,the sense that he could maintain his grasp,of English and Chinese with constant use,of the languages in his work,first as a,court interpreter and
40、 now as the,supervisor in the translation section,.,Li Chengye is the head of the Ministry of,Cultures Translation Section.He believes that,language is something alive,which relates/is,relevant to our daily life closely.According to,him,he was lucky in the sense that he could,maintain his grasp of E
41、nglish and Chinese with,constant use of the languages in his work,first,as a court interpreter and now as the supervisor,in the translation section.,Even when he was a teacher of English,he,kept in touch with Chinese by translating,articles from English magazines into Chinese,for the local press.,He
42、 said:“Internet and motivation are most,important in learning and mastering a language.”He,compares language learning to jogging.It is a laborious,exercise,but what keeps the jogger running is an,interest and the knowledge of the advantages and,benefits of the exercise.,One must always create the en
43、vironment and,opportunities for language learning.He suggests,watching movies,reading books,and even writing to,pen-pals as some of the ways to get involved in the,learning.,“Because of the limited time we have,reading short,stories,or even lines of famous quotations of wise men,is good,and helps make language learning more,interesting,”he added.,
