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1、组胚学英文版课件Cardiovascular System,-Digestive system:Digestive tract Digestive gland,1.Components of digestive tract-oral cavity-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine,2.General structure of digestive tractmucosa,submucosa,muscularis externa,adventitia,1)mucosa-epithelium:stratified sq
2、uamous epi.simple columnar epi-lamina propria:LCT-compact CT:contain more cells and fiberBV,LV-capillariesLymphoid Tglands:structures formed by invagination of epi.into lamina propria-muscularis mucosa:a thin layer of SM,2)submucosa:more dense CTsmall artery and vein,LVglands(esophagus and duodenum)
3、submucosa N plexus:-multipolar N-unmyelinated NF-function:regulate the contract of SM and secreting of gland*Plica:projection of mucosa and submucosa,Plica,mucosa&submucos,3)muscularis externa smooth muscle skeletal muscle inner circular and outer longitudinal*Nerve plexus:regulate the movement of M
4、 4)adventitia:CT serosa:CT+mesothelium fibrosa:LCT,Nerve plexus between layers of muscularis,cell body of nerve cells,serosa,fibrosa,3.Esophagus,1)mucosa:epithelium:stratified squamous epi.lamina propria:compact CTmuscularis mucosa:longitudinal arranged SM 2)submucosa:LCT esophageal gland:mucous gla
5、nd,3)muscularis:inner circular and outer longitudinalupper 1/3:skeletal musclemiddle 1/3:mixed of skeletal M and smooth musclelower 1/3:smooth muscle 4)adventitia:fibrosa,Cross section,HE Slide：mucosa&submucos,Barrett Esophagus is a chronic complication of gastroesophageal reux disease(GERD),charact
6、erized by metaplasia of the stratied squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus into a specialized glandular epithelium with goblet cells.And the inammatory cells(mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells)are inltrating the connective tissue.,Esophageal Carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm that stems from th
7、e epithelial cells lining the inner surface of the esophagus.Worldwide,squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of esophageal.Pathological changes include ulcerations,exophytic masses,and thickening and narrowing of the lumen.This photomicrograph shows a moderately differentiated squamous cel
8、l carcinoma with focal keratin production in the center,called a keratin pearl.,4.Stomach,-dilated part-store food temporarily-digest protein primarily-absorb part of water and ions,General structure,Stomach,Mucosa：-plica-longitudinal-shallow ditch-gastric area(2-6mm)-gastric pit-small depressions,S
9、tomach,epithelium:simple columnar episurface mucous cell:-tall columnar-N ovoid,basally-located-mucinogen granule-tight junction-high HCO3-undissolved mucus,Stomach,lamina propria:CT contains fibroblast,LC,plasma cell,mast cell and eosinophil,SMgastric gland(fundic gland)-oxyntic glandcardiac gland:
10、mucous glandpyloric gland:mucous gland,parietal cell-LM:large,pyramidal or spherical/round centrally-located nucleus/eosinophilic cytoplasm,EM:intracellular secretory canaliculus-invaginations tubulovesicular system mitochondria,-function:i.secret hydrochloric acid(HCl)-synthesis processes of HCl:in
11、 intracellular secretory canaliculusH+K+-ATP pump:get H+from cellCl-channel:get Cl-from bloodH+Cl-HCl(intracellular secretort canaliculi)-function of HCl:HCl pepsinogenpepsinkill the bacterium,ii.secret intrinsic factor-glycoprotein+VB12absorption of VB12,a.chief cell or zymogenic cell-structure:LM:
12、columnar Round,basally-located Nucleuscytoplasm:/basal-basophilic/apical-zymogen granulesEM:RER,Golgi apparatus-function:secret pepsinogen,c.mucous neck cellless,neck partcolumnar flattened,basally-located Npale stain in HE staind.stem cell:undifferentiated celle.endocrine cell ECL cell:secreting hi
13、stamine,promote secretion of parietal cell D cell:secreting somatostatin,inhibit the secretion of parietal cell,1.chief cell2.parietal cell 3.mucous neck cell,Muscularis mucosa:inner circular and outer longitudinal arranged SM2)submucosa:CT with BV,LV,N and fat cell3)muscularis:thickerinner obliquem
14、iddle circularouter longitudinal4)advantitia:serosa,Gastric Ulcer(Peptic Ulcer)are chronic mucosal lesions that occur in the gastro-intestinal tract.Morphologically,peptic ulcers are usually small,round to oval in shape,less than 4 cm in diameter with well dened margins without elevation,and have a
15、clean,smooth base.This image shows the transition from gastric mucosa to ulcer,showing a brinopurulent surface with underlying granulation tissue.The gastric mucosa shows chronic gastritis with plasma cells within the lamina propria and intestinal metaplasia(note the goblet cells).,5.Small intestine
16、,-duodenum-jejunum-ileum,SEM for villus,Plica Villus Microvillius Cell coat,1)Mucosa-circular plica-intestinal villus-small intestinal gland,epithelium:-absorptive cell:microvilli:striated-border-1-1.4um long,80nm in D,2000-3000-enlarge the surface area to 30 times cell coat:-0.1-0.5um-enzymes:tryps
17、inogen,amylase-glucose and protein enzymes-adipose SER,-goblet cell,lamina propria:CT(LC,macrophage,plasma cell and eosinophil and mast cell)a.villus:is the projection of epithelium and lamina propria epithelium:absorptive cell,goblet cell and endocrine cell lamina propria:CT with central lacteal,fe
18、nestrated cap.and SM,Striated border¢ral lacteal*,b.small intestinal gland:is the invagination of epi.into propria absorptive cell goblet cell endocrine cell stem cell Peneth cell,Peneth cell:LM:-pyramidal,basally-located,in groups-apical:acidophilic G-contain defensin(cryptdin),LysozymeEM:-prot
19、ein-secreting cell featureFunction:related to immune function,Peneth cell,muscularis mucosa:SM inner circular and outer longitudinal 2)submucosa:CTLarge BV and LVduodenal gland:mucous gland-secreting epidermal growth factor,promote the epithelial cell proliferation of small intestine,3)muscularis:SM
20、,inner circular and outer longitudinal 4)adventitia:serosa and less fibrosa,Peptic Duodenitis is an inammatory process caused by chronic exposure of the duodenal mucosa to increased levels of gastric acid and is usually found in the rst portion of the duodenum,the duodenal bulb.This photomicrograph
21、shows duodenal mucosa with complete replacement of the normal epithelium with goblet cells by gastric foveolar epithelium.Note the widened,distorted villi and increased inammatory cells within the lamina propria.,6.Large intestine,-absorb water and ions-structure feature:a.no villus and no circular
22、plica b.well-developed large intestinal gland c.contain more goblet cells d.taeniae coli:longitudinal bunds bag coli,Colorectal Cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the colon or the rectum.Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of colon cancer(98%of cases.Presenting symptoms may be a change in bowel ha
23、bits due to bowel obstruction,blood in the stool,or iron deciency anemia.This photomicrograph shows a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon inltrating the muscularis propria.,Crohn Disease a chronic autoimmune inammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that may affect any locat
24、ion,from the oral cavity to the anus,but mostly involves the distal small intestine and colon.This image shows colonic mucosa with depletion of goblet cells,noncaseating granulomas within the lamina propria,chronic inamma-tion,and neutrophils invading the crypt cells.,Comparative of different part o
25、f digestive tract,AppendixFewer and shorter intestinal glands and more lymph tissue,Gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue(GALT),M:macrophage;MC:microfold;PC:plasma cell,Endocrine cell,Location：present between the epithelial lining and glands Types:Open、Closed,Digestive Tract Review,The general structure of digestive tractHistology of the esophagusThe microstructure of stomachThe small intestinal glands and microvillus,
