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1、 2012年12月大学英语四级考试多题多卷（二）答案详解WritingEducation PaysThe bar chart given by US Bureau of Labor Statistics reflects the unemployment rate in 2010 among people with different educational backgrounds. From these statistics, it can be seen that the higher degree one possesses, the less likely he is to be un
2、employed.Generally speaking, two factors have contributed to this phenomenon.For one thing, the advancement of technology and the adjustment of industrial structure lead to a dramatic demand of workforces with high educational degrees. Therefore, it is natural for people with higher educational degr
3、ees to enjoy a steadier and better-paying job.For another, those with lower educational degrees tend to be dismissed and substituted more frequently because their jobs which usually feature low technologies can be done by anybody. As far as I am concerned,education is indeed a worthy investment.Firs
4、t, as individuals, we should attach great importance to education. Second, the government and authorities should adopt relevant measures to ensure the equity of education. Only in this way can more people get the tickets to a much more comfortable life.开门见山，对图表进行描述：人们的教育司，失业率也不同。使用it can be seen + t
5、hat结构明确指霆高的人群失业率越低。承上启下，指出两个因素造成了这种现象。用For one thing For another结构具体阐述两个因素，层次分明。表明自己的立场：教育确实是一项有价值的投资。用FirstSecond结构， 从两个方面提出建议。Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1.【线索词】“a controlled substance”D)【定位】由线索词定位到第一段 Sugar poses enough health risks 和第二段最后三句 “There is nothing.lot kills-slowly.”【精
6、析】细节推断题。文章第一段提出将糖归为管制品是因为其会造成健康风险，第二段引用评论文章来列举糖带来的健康风险：果糖会加速诱发肝损伤和许多其他慢性疾病的进程，少量的糖不会出问题，但是大量的糖会慢慢导致死亡。D)“过量食用糖会导致肝损伤和备种庆病”是对定位句的概括。 2.【线索词】Americans attitude ,regulationC)【定位】由线索词定位到第三段第二句 But its doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice.【精析】细节辨认题。本题考查的是美国人可能对政
7、府监管糖消费所持的态度。文章提到美国人是否赞成政府对糖监管还很难说，言外之意是美国人可能不会赞成政府对糖消费的监管。故答案为C) Disapproving “不赞成的”。3.【线索词】sugar intake, worldwideA)【定位】 由线索词定位到第四段第二、三句Already,17% of US children and teens are obese. that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease
8、and diabetes.【精析】同义转述题。文章指出，过量吃糖会导致肥胖，而肥胖造成全世界每年3500万人死于非传染性疾病。A）是对定位句的同义转述，故为答案。 4.【线索词】food industryA)【定位】由线索词定位到第六段第一句前半部分 The food industry tries to imply that “a calorie is a calorie,”says Kelly Brownell. 【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知，食品行业试图暗示“热量就是热量”来减轻公众对吃糖的担心。这种表述暗含的意思是热量只是一种能量，不会对人体造成不良影响，糖有热量，而没有其他危害。A
9、) “糖仅仅是一种能量” 符合这个表述。5.【线索词】Brownell, liquid sugarD)【定位】由线索词定位到第九段第二、三句“When calories come in liquids, the body doesnt feel as full,”says Brownell. “People are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks.”【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，Brownell认为“当热量以液态形式进人人体时，身体感觉不到饱，因此人们会从含糖饮料中获取比以前多的热量”。D
10、）中的increases your calorie intake是对文中 getting more of their calories的同义转述。6.【线索词】imposing sugar taxesB)【定位】由线索词定位到第十段第四句和第五句前半部分But at least one study, from 2010,has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss. havent had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinki
11、ng sugared drinks.【精析】同义转述题。作者对征收碳酸饮料税提出质疑，认为税收并不能解决这一问题，因为人们总是有办法做自己想做的事，越得不到的东西越想得到，所以政府实行的禁令政策不会产生预期的效果。B) 中的yield是对文中had的同义转述，故为答案。7.【线索词】Regulating sugar will prove trickyC)【定位】由线索词定位到倒数第四段首句：Ultimately,regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; suga
12、r, .for so many people, is love.【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，对糖的监管非常复杂是因为它不只和健康相关，对很多人来说，糖代表了爱，C）是对定位句的同义转述，故为答案。8. hazards【定位】由题干中的education should be conducted 定位到倒数第三段For inroads to be made.people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar.【精析】同义转述题。此处需要填人名词。题干中的education should be conducted是对原文中ha
13、ve to be better educated的同义转述。故about后的内容为本题的答案。9.tightened【定位】由题干中的licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars定位到倒数第二段Many of the interventions. . . can be models .for addressing the sugar problem. tightening licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars that sell high suga
14、r products in schools and workplaces.【精析】同义转述题。此空前有be动词，宾语从句中缺少谓语，需要填人动词的过去分词形式。题干是对定位句的同义转述，由定位句中的主动语态变为被动语态，因此答案为tightened。paratively easier to get/slightly more convenient【定位】由题干中的gentle way定位到最后一段最后两句Were talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient by making food
15、s that arent loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get.【精析】同义转述题。此处需要填人形容词或形容词性短语，构成“make sth. + adj.”结构，题干中的. inexpensive是对原文中cheaper的同义转述，low-sugar foods是对foods that arent loaded with sugar 的同义转述。故答案为comparatively easier to get。定位句前半部分提到是通过温和的手段使人们对糖的消费稍微不那么便利，slightly less conveni
16、ent和 “较容易”形成对比，因此空格处也可填人slightly more convenient表达相同的意思。Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W:I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of town. There are a lot of roses in bloom.M: Why dont we walk over there and see for ourselves?Q: What will the speakers probably do？ 答案：D)12. M:
17、My presentation is scheduled for 9:80 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. 1 hope to see you there.W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9o clock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman?答案：C13. M: How long have you been running this company?W: Twen
18、ty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operation to what it is today.Q: What do we learn about the man?答案：A14. M: Have you read the news on the Campus Net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.W: I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and diligent girl
19、! She certainly deserves it.Q: What does the woman mean ？答案：A) 15. W: Taking a bus to Miami is cheaper than going by train.M: Thats true. But Id rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.Q: What does the man mean ？答案：B) 16. M: I think its time we got rid of all this old furnitur
20、e.W: Youre right. We need to promote our image. Besides, its not a real antique.Q: What do the speakers mean ?答案：C)17. W: That was some storm yesterday. I was afraid I couldnt make it home.M: Yeah. Most of the roads to my home were flooded. I didnt get home from the lab until midnight.Q: What do we
21、learn from the conversation ？答案：C)18. W: My boys are always complaining that theyre bored.M: Why dont you get them to some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday. And they both look forward to it all week.Q: What does the man mean ？答案：B)Conversation OneW: So John ,I hear you and
22、 Arthur share a job, dont you?M: Yeah .(19) We ve shared a sales job at Sonatech for about two years now.W: Well ,how do you divide up your schedule?M: (19)You know we are both sales representatives and we take orders over the phone. When we started job sharing it was difficult, because we both work
23、ed all day Monday. I worked Tuesday and Thursday and Arthur worked Wednesday and Friday. (20)The problem was that when I was in the office on Tuesday, I would talk to people. Then they would call back on Wednesday with a question. But Arthur couldnt answer the question and he couldnt ask me about it
24、 because I wasnt in the office. So he had to ask the people to call me back the next day, Thursday. Of course, they didnt like to wait until the next day to have their questions answered.W: Yes, that sounds like a problem.M: So, finally we decided that Arthur would work in the mornings and I would w
25、ork in the afternoons. Now if someone calls with the question for me in the morning, Arthur tells them to call me in the afternoon. This way, people get their questions answered the same day.W: What do you do about vacations?M: Well, (21)Sonatech gives the usual two weeks of vacation to full-time em
26、ployees. I take a week and Arthur takes a week.W: It sounds like job sharing has worked out well for you.M: Yes, it has. We are both happy with it.19. What do John and Arthur do at Sonatech？ 答案：D)20. What problem did John and Arthur have when they started job sharing？答案：D)21. What does John say abou
27、t their annual vacation？答案：A)Conversation TwoW: May I see your license, please?M: But officer, did I do something wrong?W: (23) Do you mean to say you didnt see the speed limit sign back there?M: (23) Um , no , maam, I guess 1 didnt.W: In other words, you drove by too fast to read it. The sign says
28、35 miles an hour. (22)A school is just nearby, you know.M: Dont get me wrong, but my speedometer didnt read much faster than that.W: Then , why is it that my radar showed you were going 45? Let me put it another way. Im going to have to give you a ticket. Again, may I see your license, please?M: Her
29、e it is ,officer. But let me explain. I was late for an important appointment and I was worried that I wouldnt make it on time. So.W: Aha,just a minute,here. (24) Your license is no longer valid. You should have renewed it two weeks ago. Im going to have to write you up for that, too.M: What? Really
30、?W: Your license becomes invalid on your birthday and that was two weeks ago according to the date here. You are in violation of the law-driving without a valid license.M: Im sorry, maam. I hadnt realized that.W: (25) Heres the ticket for not having a valid license. But Im only going to give you a w
31、arning about exceeding the speed limit .Be careful next time.M: Yes, maam, officer, I will. Thank you.22. Where was the man stopped by the police officer？答案：C)23. What did the man claim about the speed limit sign？答案：B)24. What did the woman say about the mans driving license？答案：C)25. What was the ma
32、ns penalty？答案：A)Section BPassage OneSince I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buys something.(26)To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she started to push a shopping card. One of the first things custo
33、mers forget is how to count. (27)there is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20,25 or even a cart load of items.(28)Customers also forget why they came the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order
34、, a customer will say, “Oops ,I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you dont mind waiting while I go get it. ”Five minutes later, hes back with the bread ,a bottle of milk and three rolls of paper towels. Strange as it seems customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their g
35、roceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, my customer will wait until I announce the total. Then ,in surprise, she says, Oh no, what did I do with my check book? After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because shes
36、 forgotten hers. (29)But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and thats something I cant afford to forget.26. What does the speaker say about customers entering the grocery store？答案：D)27. Which customers are supposed to be in the express line？答案：B)28. What does the speaker
37、say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter？答案：A)29. What does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk？答案：B)Passage TwoThe speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal. Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully w
38、ritten manuscripts. On the other hand, American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers in other cultures. (30) American audiences prefer a natural,spontaneous delivery, that conveys a lively sense of communication. They dont relay well to speakers who read from a manuscript. If yo
39、u use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepared text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. (31)The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same
40、 as the language and style you use when writing. Well-written information, that is meant to be read, does not work as well when it is heard. It is, therefore, important for you to adapt written texts or outlines for presentations. Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing.
41、 They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. Whenever possible, they use short words. Listeners appreciate it when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. One advantage is that its much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. Another is that lo
42、ng and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.30. What does the speaker say American audiences prefer？答案：C)31. What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation？答案：B)32. What does the speaker focus on in the talk？答案：D)Passage Three Let Children Learn to Judge
43、Their Own WorkA child learning to talk doesnot learn by being corrected all the time. if corrected too much ,he will stop talking. (33) He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes
44、 to make his language like other peoples. (33)In the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk ,run, climb, ride a bike, play games ,compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. (34) But in sch
45、ool we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. (35) Soon he becomes dependent on the expert. We should let him do it himself. Let him figure out,with the help of other children
46、 if he wants it,what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that. If right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. (35) Why should we teachers waste time on su
47、ch tedious work? Our job should be to help children when they tell us that they cant find the way to get the right answer.33. How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker ？ 答案：A)34. What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker ？ 答案：C)35. What does the speaker imp
48、ly about the current way of teaching ？ 答案：D)Section C36. foreign37.accomplished38.interpersonal39.detail40. controlled41 .abruptly42 .references43 .indication44. It is considered very rude to be late-even by 10 minutes-for an appointment in America45. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America46. Amlericans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later timeReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth
