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1、U1一、必会词汇1. guide n.v. (1) guide作名词时，可以表示：导游：The guide took us around the Palace Museum. 导游带我们参观了故宫。导游手册(相当于guidebook)：Do you need a guide? It tells you a lot about the Forbidden City. 你需要一本导游手册吗？它会告诉你很多关于紫禁城的信息。指南：A Guide to English Grammar 英语语法指南(2) guide作动词时，可以表示“为领路，带领”的意思。如： Martin guided him to
2、 the reception room. 马丁把他领到接待室。2. tour n. 旅行，旅游 Last summer, we had a tour of the oldest museum in the country. 去年夏天，我们参观了这个国家最古老的博物馆。 【拓展】 tourist n. 游客，旅游者 tour v. 旅游，旅行，参观：She spent her vacation touring Italy. 她去了意大利旅行度假。3. reason n. 原因，理由 The reason why she was late was that she forgot to set th
3、e clock. 她迟到的原因是因为忘记了定闹钟。 【近义词】 cause n. 原因，起因，缘故；理由 【拓展】 reasonable adj. 合理的，明智的4. grand adj. （用于大建筑物等的名称）大的，宏伟的，宏大的 the Grand Canyon大峡谷 【拓展】 grand还有很多其他的含义，如：(1)壮丽的，富丽堂皇的，重大的：Its not a very grand house. 这房子并非富丽堂皇。(2)宏大的，宏伟的，有气派的：The people in Tokyo built their city on a grand scale. 东京人大力兴建自己的城市。5
4、. theatre n. 剧院 There are two theatres in the city. 这个城市有两个剧院。 【记忆链接】 go to the theatre去看戏6. oriental adj. 东方的 oriental一词常常用来表示“东方的”或“亚洲的”文明或事物。 oriental countries/languages/customs东方国家语言风俗 oriental beauty东方美人 oriental civilization/art东方文明艺术 【拓展】Orient n. 东方7. century n. 世纪 It was built in the 19th
5、century. 它建于19世纪。 【拓展】 century n. 百年：This book was written centuries ago. 这本书是好几百年前写的。8. technology n. 科技；工艺；工程技术 The scientists today have put forward more and more technology theories. 当今的科学家提出了越来越多的科技理论。 【拓展】 technologist n. 技术员；工艺师，（工程技术）专家9. sightseeing n. 观光，游览 Some people like to climb the mo
6、untains, but I prefer sightseeing. 一些人喜欢爬山，但我更喜欢去观光。 a sightseeing bus旅游车 a sightseeing tour观光旅游 【记忆链接】 go sightseeing去观光10. view n. 景色，风景 The view from the top of the tower is fantastic. 从塔顶远眺景色颇为奇妙。 view还可作名词时，有如下含义：(1)(可数名词) 意见；观点：In my view, she has done nothing wrong. 依我看，她没做错什么。(2)(不可数名词)视野：Th
7、e garden was hidden from view behind a high wall. 那个花园因被一堵高墙挡住而看不见了。 【拓展】 viewer n. 电视观众11. therefore adv. 因此，所以 I was ill, and therefore could not attend the conference. 我病了，所以不能参加会议。 He has broken his leg and therefore he cant walk. 他摔坏了腿，因此走不了路。指点迷津：therefore 与 so 两词同义，但词性不同：前者是副词，而后者是连词。在用法上举例如下
8、： It rained. Therefore, we didnt have the match. 下雨了。因此我们没有举行比赛。=It rained, so we didnt have the match.12. surprising adj. 令人惊奇的 It is surprising that he made friend with the stranger immediately. 令人惊讶的是，他马上就与那个陌生人成了朋友。 【拓展】 surprise v.使吃惊；使感到意外 The news surprised us all. 这消息使我们大吃一惊。 surprise n. 吃惊：
9、To my surprise, the plan succeeded. 令我感到惊奇的是，那个计划居然成功了。 surprised adj. 感到惊讶的 He was surprised that his father had sold the farm. 他对父亲已卖掉农场一事感到惊讶。二、 必会词组1have/has been to曾经去过2decide to do sth决定做某事3take part in参加活动4design a travel guide设计一份旅游指南5make some suggestions给出一些建议6in the centre/south of在.中心/南部
10、7get on with进展8be famous for sth以.而著名9be known as被认为10the centre of ShangHai上海的中心11between A and B在A和B之间12take sb to someplace带某人去某地13go to someplace for sightseeing and fun去某地观光游玩14floating restaurants水上餐厅15think of 想出三、必会语法I. 情态动词易混点辨析易混点 1：must和have to1) 两词都是必须的意思, have to表示客观的需要; must 表示说话人主观上的必
11、要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.He said that they must work hard. 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化, 而must只有一种形式。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3) 否定结构中: dont have to表示不必, mustnt表示禁止。You dont have to tell him about it.You mustnt tell him about it.易混
12、点2： can和could1) 用在疑问句中表示征求对方意见时，could比can更加委婉礼貌。Could I borrow your dictionary?Can I borrow your dictionary? 2) 用在过去时句子中只能用couldI couldnt swim well when I was a kid but now I am a good swimmer. At the age of ten, I could remember things very quickly.易混点 3: need3) 基本用法neednt dodont need sth./to donee
13、d sth. need to do sth.I dont need any drinks because I have had enough.You neednt wash your car. Its going to rain soon.=You dont need to wash your car. Its going to rain soon.易混点4: shall和should1) shall用于句型 “Shall I/we do?”Shall we get together and have a party tonight?Shall I tell you how to do it?
14、2) should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought to替换。We should try our best to help each other.=We ought to try our best to help each other.易混点5: had better和would rather1) “had better+动词原形(do)” 意为“最好做”，否定句式为had better not do sth. Wed better leave now as its getting dark outside.Youd better not have more
15、 sweet food or you will become even heavier.2) “would rather+动词原形(do)” 意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would rather not do sth.I would rather stay at home on a rainy day.They would rather not say anything else.II. 情态动词重难点复习一.情态动词相关的提问与回答1) may提问May I come in? Yes, please. May I borrow your bike? Certainly.May I take
16、 this book out of the reading-room? No, you cant /mustnt. 2) must提问Must I do my homework now? Yes, you must/have to.No, you neednt./dont have to.3) can/could提问Can/Could I use your computer? Yes, you can. No, you cant./Im afraid not.4) need提问 Need I finish it now? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. 二.情态动
17、词表猜测用法1) 肯定猜测：must (一定)may (可能)mightThey look almost the same. They must be twins.Its 12:30 now. He must be there by now.This may be true but no one can say for sure.We might go abroad sometime next year but it hasnt been decided.2) 否定猜测：cant (不可能)may not (可能不)might not He cant be in the office beca
18、use the light is off.They cant be hungry as they had a big cake only half an hour ago.U2一、 必会词汇1. stupid adj. 愚蠢的，笨的 Why are you so stupid at this matter? 【近义词】 foolish adj. 愚蠢的，鲁莽的 silly adj. 傻的，愚蠢的2. action n. 动作 Its time for action. Actions speak louder than words. 【拓展】 act v.行动3. robber n. 盗贼 Th
19、ey kept a close eye on the robber. 【拓展】 rob v. 抢劫 robbery n. 抢劫案 【近义词】 thief n. 贼，小偷4. hate v. 讨厌，不喜欢 I hate to talk with mouthful food. I hate having to tell you, but youve failed in the driving test. 【拓展】 hate to do something=hate doing something讨厌做某事 【近义词】 dislike v. 不喜欢 【反义词】 like v.喜欢 love v. 爱
20、，喜欢5.* adventure n. 冒险，奇遇 All the children listened to his adventures with full attention. 【链接】 What an adventure!啊呀，真险！6. princess n. 公主 Princess Anne is the daughter of Queen Elizabeth. 7. prince n. 王子 The prince lived in a large and beautiful castle. 8. duration n. 持续时间 We hope the war will be of
21、 short duration. 9. laughter n. 笑，笑声 I can hear his laughter even in the next room. 【拓展】 laugh v.大笑，发笑10. cowboy n. 牛仔 One evening the school showed a cowboy film. 11. diary n.（工作日程）记事簿I notice you keep a diary all the time. 12. pay v.付费He didnt pay me anything. 【拓展】 pay n. 工资，报酬：The workers ask for
22、 higher pay. 13. altogether adv.总共，一共Altogether there were 18 people in the bus. 【近义词】 in all总共，全部14. price n. 价格What is the price of this pair of trousers? = How much is this pair of trousers?或How much does this pair of trousers cost?【拓展】 precious adj. 高价的，昂贵的，贵重的，宝贵的15.*avenue n. 大街Fifth Avenue is
23、 a good place for shopping. 指点迷津: avenue, street, road, lane 和way avenue指“宽敞的大路或街道，通常是城镇两边有树的、通往较大建筑的大街”，street指“城镇里较窄、短的重要的街道，两旁多有建筑物”；road指“较长、宽的路，通常是行驶车辆，且穿过城镇或连接其他城镇的道路”；lane指“乡间的小路或城镇里狭窄的胡同、街道”；way指“通向某一处的道路”。16. bookshop n. 书店 I found this book in a second-hand bookshop in Edinburgh. 【近义词】 boo
24、kstore n. 书店17. route n. 路线 与route搭配的形容词多用long或short，而不用far或close。 We came by a longer route than usual. Which is the shortest route to the supermarket? 二、 必会词组1. take / have a look at 看一看（look n.）look at 看一看 （look v.）look link v.+ adj.e.g. The building looks great.2. action film 动作片 love story 爱情电影
25、 cartoon 卡通片 exciting film 惊险片 cowboy story 西部片 horror film 恐怖片police story 警匪片funny film 喜剧片detective story 侦探片adventure film 冒险故事3. turn right 向右转相对应的是 turn left 向左转walk along 沿着走walk up 向北走walk down 向南走4.What about “Police Story”?( what about用于表示提建议)表示建议还可以用以下句型：Lets go to see “Police Story”, ( s
26、hall we)?Shall we go to see “Police Story”?Why not go to see “Police Story”?What/ How about go to see “Police Story”?Why dont we go to see “Police Story”?5. 地点，方位的表达方式on the top of 在的顶部at the bottom of 在的底部on the right of 在的右边on the left of 在的左边in the centre of 在的中间6. read a film guide 阅读电影指南7. disc
27、uss which film to see 讨论看哪部电影8. a love story about一个关于的爱情故事full of laughter and fun 充满笑声和趣事 laugh 笑 （V.）laughter 笑声（n.） be full of 充满 full 是个形容词，表示满的，饱的 be full of 与 be filled with 是近义词，同时要注意 fillwith的用法（用。装满。）e.g. The room is full of people.这间屋里挤满了人-The room is filled with people.9. a film with a l
28、ot of action 一部充满动作的电影10. the most exciting film of the year 本年度最激动人心的电影11. miss the cartoon 错过那部卡通片12. walk along沿着走13. get there from my home 从我家到哪儿14. on the left/right 在左边/右边15. get to from 从到16. the way to the cinema到电影院的路17. turn left/ rightinto_(street/road) 向左/右拐进路/街道三、必会知识点1. two forty-five
29、 show 2点45分的电影英语国家常用时间来表示电影的某个场次。另外，公交车，火车的班次也是用时间来表示。seven thirty bus 7点30分的公交车two forty-five train 2点45分的火车2. How long is the film?how long 引导的特殊疑问句，用于询问“时间”（多久） for+一段时间 It takes sb. time to do sth. since+时间点How far? 用于问距离，长短How soon? 用于问多久之后，常对”in+一段时间”提问How often? 用于问频率，如：sometimes, twice a wee
30、kHow much? 用于问价格、数量（不可数名词）、程度How many? 用于问数量（可数名词）How heavy? 用于问体重How tall? 用于问身高How long? 用于问长度How? 用于问方式、程度3. Kitty, how can I get there from my home?How can I get to? 常用于问路= Could/ Can you tell me the way to? 客气/委婉/礼貌turn left into 左转进入walk straight ahead 向前直走4. like the film about adventures So
31、do I .(Me too) I dont like the film about adventures Neither do I .so+助动词/情态动词/系动词/+主语，表示“也”，具体时态要跟上句一致neither+助动词/情态动词/系动词/+主语 表示“与他人做法一致，也不”具体时态也要跟上句一致e.g. They ate a lot of food. So did we. They didnt eat a lot of food. Neither did we. I can reach the shelf. So can I. I cant reach the shelf. Neit
32、her can I.5. Which film would you like to see this Saturday? 本周六你想看哪部电影？ Id like to see . 我想看。6. How much are they going to pay for the tickets altogether? 他们总共要花多少钱买这些票？altogetherin all 总共pay for花。钱买。e.g. I need to pay 40 yuan for the film ticket. 7.问路和一些回答： -How can I get there from my home ?/ whi
33、ch is the way to? -Turn right（left）into .Walk along Green Street . You will see on your left8. What about Police Story? 去看警察故事这部电影怎么样？What about + 名词/动名词?= How about + 名词/动名词? 表示“做什么事情如何？”e.g. What about going to the cinema?9 . Shall we see “Swan Lake” then? 我们去看天鹅湖好吗？shall 是情态动词,表示建议。 e.g. Shall we
34、 go shopping tomorrow?表示建议的句型还有：Lets go to see “Swan Lake”, shall we? Why not go to see “Swan Lake”?四、必会语法I.让步状语从句表示让步含义的从句结构，它主要有although，though(尽管,虽然)等连词引导。让步状语在句中可前置，也可后置。前置时，强调的是主句的内容；后置时，强调的是从句的内容。e.g. Although/though he is tired, he still finishes his work on time.虽然他很累，但仍然按时完成了工作。He knows wha
35、t to do，although/though he is a child.他知道该做什么，尽管他是一个孩子。【注意】 让步状语从句中不可再使用but等并列连词，但可以用yet，still等连接副词来加强语气。e.g. Although/Though he worked hard at Maths, yet he didnt pass the exam. 虽然他很努力地学习数学，但仍然考试不及格。 Although/Though her father is very old, he is still working. 虽然她的父亲年迈，但他仍然坚持工作。II.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由s
36、othat,引导。表示 如此以至于 例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.he is so young that she cant look after herself. The boy ran so fast that I couldnt catch him. He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. (2)结果状语从句和tooto do（太而不能）以及enough +形容词/副词+to do（足够的可以）的转换。以“so.that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句，即
37、可转换为“.enough to.”或“.too.to”句型. 1. so.that”与“enough to do sth.”的转换。例如： The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box. He was so clever that he can understand what I said. He was clever enough to understand what I said. 2. so.that”与“enough for sb.
38、to do sth.”的替换。例如： The question is so easy that I can work it out. The question is easy enough for me to work out. The box is so light that he can carry it. The box is light enough for him to carry. 3. so.that”与“too.to”的替换。例如： The girl is so young that she cant dress herself. The girl is too young t
39、o dress herself. I was so tired that I couldnt go on with the work. I was too tired to go on with the work. 4. 当that从句是否定时，如果要用“too.to.”替换“so.that.”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too.for sb. to do sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。 U3一、 必会词汇1. since prep. 从以来；自从 I havent seen him since August, 19th, 2007. 自从2007年8月19日
40、我就没有再见过他。指点迷津: since 与 for(1) since用来指时间点，意指“从那时起到所指的时刻”。它常常和现在完成时连用。 He has been here since Monday. 从星期一开始，他一直在这里。（从星期一到现在） since也可以是时间连词，后接一个表示时间点的时间状语从句。 He has worked for us ever since he left school. 他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。 It has been two years since I last saw Tom. 从我最后一次见汤姆到现在，已经有两年了。 相当于：I last sa
41、w Tom two years ago. 我最后一次见汤姆是在两年前。 I havent seen Tom for two years. 我已经有两年没见过汤姆了。(2) for用来表示一段时间。如：for six years六年之久，for two months有两个月。 for十一段时间也可以与现在完成时连用，表示动作延续到说话的那一时刻。 He has worked here for a year. 他在这里工作已经有一年了。（一年前他就开始在这里工作并仍在这里工作。） 此时的“for十一段时间”也可以用“since+行动开始的那一刻”来代替。 He has worked here si
42、nce this time last year.他从去年的这个时候起就在这里工作了。2. quite adv. 相当；十分 Ann is quite pretty.安长得很漂亮。 I quite like watching volleyball games. 我很喜欢看排球比赛。指点迷津: fairly, quite, rather, pretty 与very(1)这几个副词都可表示程度，fairly语气最轻，尽管经常与褒义词连用，但由于语气较弱，往往不带明显的恭维或赞赏，通常译为“还算；相当”。比如说某部电影fairly good，指的可能是勉强过得去。(2) quite语气稍重，意为“颇；
43、相当”。比如说某部电影quite good，指的是这部电影相当不错，虽不是最好，但至少值得看。(3) rather或pretty在语气上又稍重一点，意为“十分，相当”，但pretty不如rather正式。比如说某部电影rather/pretty good，指的是这部电影相当不错，语气比较重，意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料的好。两者均可与褒义或贬义形容词连用。与褒义词连用，表示一种愉快的心情；与贬义或中性词连用，表示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。(4) very语气最强，意为“很；非常”。比如说某部电影very good，指的是这部电影很不错，算得上是精品之作。 以上几个副词按语气的轻重排序是：fai
44、rlyquiterather/prettyvery。 She looked rather/quite nervous. 她显得相当紧张。 Its a very interesting book. 它是一本很有趣的书。 She looked rather/quite disappointed about it. 她对此显得相当失望。3. machine n. 机器；机器装置 They bought a new washing machine last Sunday. 他们上周日买了一台新洗衣机。 【拓展】 machinery n.（集合名词）机器：机械：机件 mechanic n. 机工，技工，
45、机械师4. waiter n. 服务员；侍者 The waiter came to take their order. 服务员过来给他们点菜。 【拓展】 wait v. 等待：等候 waitress n. 女侍者；女服务员5. coach n.（体育运动的）教练 Our football team has got a very experienced coach. 我们的足球队有一个很有经验的教练。 【拓展】 coach v. 训练；指导 He coaches people for BEC examinations. 他给准备参加剑桥商务英语考试的人进行辅导。6. train v. 训练，培训 Mother trained us to b
