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1、 九年级英语讲义 Unit 10 You re supposed to shake handsSection A一短语积累 supposed to do 被期望做，应该 hands 握手3be expected to do 被期望做某事 the first time 第一次 5. greet sb. in the wrong way 以错误的方式问候某 some new friends 交一些新朋友 soon as 一就 other 相互 out my hand 伸出我的手10to ones surprise 令人惊讶的是 11be relaxed about 对随意12rush around
2、 匆匆访问 life 日常生活14. drop by 顺便拜访 15make plans to do sth. 制定计划做某事16. as.as sb. can= as.as possible 尽可能17. walk around 四处走走18. on time 准时 19. after all 毕竟20ask/ invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 21at noon 在中午22get mad 生气 23make an effort to do sth. 千方百计做某事24Without doing sth.没有做某事25avoid heavy traffic 避开繁忙
3、的交通26Its no big deal.这没有什么大不了的 27go abroad 出国28take off 脱下（反义短语：put on ）、起飞 29table manners 餐桌礼仪二重难点解析1. be ( not ) supposed to do sth.suppose v. “认定；假定”的意思，这里用的是被动形式，表示：被 (不被)期望 /（不）应该做某事强调礼仪中该做与不该做的，用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，意思可以相当于should Youre supposed to kiss. = You should kiss. You are not supposed to s
4、moke here.= You shouldnt smoke here. It is supposed to be very hot there.据说，大家认为那儿很热。 复习be allowed to do sth. 被允许做2. You should have asked what you were supposed to wearshould have done这是虚拟语气的一种表达方式，虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想、建议等。3. Where Im from, were pretty relaxed about time.在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。* Whe
5、re Im from是地点状语从句，where为引导词，“在的地方”Where theres a will, there is a way.* relaxed放松的，通常用来修饰人; relaxing，令人放松的，则修饰物The trip was relaxing, so he felt relaxed.4. Its Okay if you arrive a bit late.如果你稍微迟一点还行。a bit在此作状语修饰late,表示“稍微，一点儿”，可以与a little互用，既可修饰形容词、副词的比较级，也可以修饰原级。Shes feeling a bit tired.a bit of
6、与a little 可互换用，用于修饰不可数名词注意：not a bit= not at all表示一点也不，而not a little = very/ very much许多，很，不只一点点Are you tired? No, not a bit.你累吗？ 一点也不累！He gives me not a little trouble.他给我带来许多麻烦！5. We value the time we spend with family and friends in our everyday lives.我们珍惜在我们的日常生活中与家人、朋友一起共度的时光。横线处是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词
7、time.关系代词that 在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。Value vt. 重视；珍视 I value friendship very highly. n. 价值 Such a magazine has little value except when you have time to kill.adj. valuable“贵重的，重要的；有益的，有用的 ”spend time with sb. “和某人一起度过时光”He usually spends time with his children on weekends.6. We often just drop by our friends
8、 homes if we have time.drop by 偶然拜访 drop in on sb. 顺便访问某人Some friends dropped by to see me yesterday.Would you drop in on us this evening for a chat ?7. We dont usually have to make plans to meet our friends.make a plan / plans to do 计划做We made a plan to go hiking yesterday.We have made plans for th
9、e holidays.plan还可以作为动词，如计划做某事，用plan to do sth / plan on doing sth.Were planning to visit Tibet this summer.Dont plan on visiting Beijing in winter, because its too windy and cold.make plans/ a plan to do sth. 计划做某事plan to do sth.8. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of my frie
10、nds as we can.划线处为现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明谓语动作发生时，另一个动作也在发生。The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand.walk around, around是介词，四处，遍及的意思。look around 四处看看 go around 四处逛show sb. around 带某人参观 follow sb. around 四处跟着某人get around 观光，游览* asas, 中间用形容词、副词的原级He is as tall as he used to be.Please come
11、 here as quickly as possible.当asas用于否定句中时，还可以用soasasas sb. can/could 尽可能asas possibleI hope youll write as soon as you can.9. In Switzerland, its very important to be on time.it用作形式主语，代替了真正的主语to be 这一不定式，不定式可以作主语，但往往用it作形式主语来代替。To help others is good when they are in trouble.Its good to help others
12、when they are in trouble. are the capital of clocks and watches, after all.毕竟我们是钟表之都the capital of 的首都 Beijing is the capital of China.after all 毕竟，终究 He succeeded after all. youre even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. get mad 大动肝火，气愤(强调动作和过程)be mad 感觉很生气(表示状态)be/ get mad at /with sb.生某人的气=
13、 be/ get angry with sb.be/ get mad about sth. 因某事而生气12. So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事effort名词，努力，尽力 All their efforts were in vain. 他们的努力全都白费了。13. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think its impolite to keep oth
14、ers waiting.我总是早早离开家以避免交通拥挤，因为我认为让别人等待是不礼貌的。划线部分是一个原因状语从句，其中又含有一个宾语从句。Its politerude/ impolite to do sth. 做某事是有礼貌的/不礼貌的这个句式和以前接触过的句式类似，形式主语是it，后面的动词不定式是真正的主语。Its rude to point at anyone with your chopsticks.Its polite to say hello to your parents when you leave for school.keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
15、keep (on) doing sth. 一直做某事keep sb. from doing sth.= stop sb.(from) doing sth.= prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事其他短语：keep away from 与保持距离 keep out of 阻止进入keep off远离，避开 keep+ adj. 保持（某种状态）keep+n.+adj. 使保持（某种状态）keep a pet 饲养一个宠物14. Also, we never visit friends house without calling first.without 是
16、介词，后接名词或动名词，是“没有”之意，表示伴随情况或条件，在句子中作状语，与with是反义词 Can you do it without any help?He left without saying goodbye.15. clean off 把擦掉 out 把内部彻底打扫干净 up 打扫干净 are supposed to / are expected to knock before entering.=befor you enter.(时间状语)knock vi. 敲门，其后常接介词at/on v. 碰撞， knock into 与相撞； knock down 撞到 n. 敲击声；敲击
17、 There is a knock at the door.三语法精讲：动词不定式动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。一、 动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=
18、To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anythin
19、g to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its impor
20、tant for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would
21、 you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？在find, think，feel, make后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房
22、间里。既可接动词不定式又可以接ing 形式作宾语，意思差别不大的动词有begin, start,like, love, hate 等。Then I start to watch English-language TV.I like to eat vegetables.3. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother e
23、ncourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物
24、动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。5.不定式作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see you . (目的)We were very excited to hear the news. (原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (结果)6.不定式作表语My job is to help the patient.7.不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相
25、当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。Section B一 短语积累 at 指着 2. at the table/ at table 在桌旁/ 在进餐3. face the biggest challenge 面临最大的挑战 4. on my exchange program 在我的交换生活中5. There is no reason to do sth. 没有理由做某事6. go out of ones way to
26、do sth. 特地做某事7. make sb. feel at home 使某人感到不拘束8. learn how to do sth. 学习怎样做某事 9. be comfortable doing sth. 轻松/舒服地做某事10. at first 起初 11. cut up 切碎12. find it difficult to do sth. 发现做某事13. have a good school year 新学年愉快 14. feel good about doing sth.对干 感觉不对15. look forward to doing 盼望做某事 wishes 最美好的祝愿1
27、7. show up 出席，露面 18. learn about了解 19. in different situations 在不同场合 20. travel by car 驱车旅行二重难点解析 adj. 空的，反义：full 满的 v. 倒空 反义：fill 装满 Please empty the bottle.2. Point at anyone with your chopsticks. 用筷子指着别人。pointat 瞄准，对着 He is pointing his finger at me.pointto指向 The hour hand pointed to twelve.Point
28、out 指出 The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework. doing sth. = start to do sth. 开始做某事4. They go out of their way to make me at home.他们尽力使我感到必至如归go out of ones way to do sth 特意（花时间，心血）做某事，故意做某事He went out his way to help me.make sb. be/feel at home使某人感觉像在家一样make sb. adj /do 使某人做某事 Her smil
29、e made me feel at home.5. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now Im used to it.be used to sth/doing sth 习惯于，适应于Im not used to speaking like that. This machine is used to clean the windows.This machine is used for cleaning the windows.6. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesnt
30、bother me like it used to.尽管我经常犯一些错，但它不像过去那样困扰我了。make lots of mistakes 犯许多错bother 打扰，烦扰 Dont bother your father, he is working.7. Youre not supposed to eat anything with your hands expect bread, not even fruit!expect除之外,但不包括在内，介词 I get up early expect Sunday.besides 除之外，还有 Nobody was late except me.
31、8. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but Im gradually getting used to things, and dont find them so strange any more.find it difficult to do sth 发现做某事很难it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式to do sthHe finds it difficult to stop smoking.get used to sth/doing = be used to sth/doing9. make an a
32、ppointment/appointments with sb 与某人约会 me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs.让我给你一些关于中国风俗的建议和意见。give sb. some suggestions and advice 给某人提出一些建议和意见make/ offer a suggestion 提出建议ask for a suggestion 征求建议suggest v. 建议 suggest/ advise doing sth. Suggest + that 从句(用虚拟语气 should 可以省略)W
33、e suggested / advised putting off the sports meet.She suggests that we should start early tomorrow. suggest v. 暗示 What he said suggested he was honest. advice n. 不可数；忠告，劝告，建议 a piece of advice 一条建议 some pieces of advice/ some advice 一些建议advise v. advise doing sth. 建议做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事练
34、习题1.单项填空 the Internet，news can _ every corner of the world quickly.A. arriveB. reachC. getD. return2. We go to school every day _ Saturdays and Sundays.A. besideB. besidesC. exceptD. except for3. You are not supposed to _ in class.A. make facesB. make noiseC. listen carefully and B4. They go out _ t
35、heir way to make me _ at home.A. for；feelB. of；to feelC. to；feelsD. of；feel5. Listening to soft music can make you _ .A. relaxingB. to feel relaxedC. feel relaxedD. felt relaxed6. Your uncle was supposed _ here an hour ago.A. to beB. to comingC. to goD. to going7. What do you think of the man？I find
36、 _ difficult to work with him.A. himB. meC. itD. that8. Im _ to see you again.A. pleaseB. pleasureC. pleasedD. pleasing9. _ they are very tired, they feel very happy because theyve finally finished their project.A. So B. AlthoughC. IfD. But10. Nick, would you mind _ those old jeans? They look terrib
37、le.A. not to wearB. not wearC. wearing notD. not wearing11. It is all right if you come _ late.A. a bit ofB. a little ofC. a bitD. too much12. People in China _ when they meet for the first time.A. bowB. kissC. shake handsD. laugh13. Look out！The cup is _ hot water.A. full ofB. fill withC. fullD. fi
38、ll14. The new car has been here for several is it?A. WhoseB. WhatC. WhereD. Who15. Last weekend many people went to the concert, _young people.A. hardlyB. probablyC. mostlyD. really2.完形填空 There are many differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. In the West，everyone has their own 1 of fo
39、od. But in China the dishes are 2 on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host，there must be 3 food prepared for you. Chinese are very 4 of their culture and will do their best to show their hospitality （好客）. And sometimes the Chinese host uses their 5 to put food in
40、your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. The proper thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how 6 it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this，you can just say a polite “Thanks” and leave the food there. Dont 7 your chopsticks upright into the rice bowl. Instead，lay （放置） them o
41、n your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody 8 ，the shrine （神祠） to them has a bowl of sand or rice with two chopsticks which are stuck upright in it. It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout （壶嘴） is facing 9 somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitt
42、ing，usually just outward （向外） from the table. Dont hit on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars （乞丐） hit on their bowls，so this is not polite. Also，when the food is coming too 10 in a restaurant，people will tap their bowls. If you are in someones home，it is like offending the cook.1. A. tableB. pl
43、ateC. favoriteD. meal2. A. madeB. cookedC. eatenD. placed3. A. a bit ofB. a bitC. a lot ofD. a little4. A. afraidB. tiredC. proudD. certain5. A. knivesB. forksC. handsD. chopsticks6. A. deliciousB. beautifulC. terribleD. comfortable7. A. fallB. throwC. knockD. stick8. A. comesB. goesC. diesD. lives9
44、. A. againstB. towardsC. overD. above10. A. oftenB. earlyC. slowD. fast3.阅读理解 A Dinner customs are different around the world. If you are a guest in Ghana (加纳),this information will help you a lot. In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food. When you go to a home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living ro
