CPS(信息物理融合系统).doc
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1、维基百科(http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber-physical_system)的定义是:A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system featuring a tight combination of, and coordination between, the systems computational and physical elements. Today, a pre-cursor generation of cyber-physical systems can be found in areas as diverse
2、 as aerospace, automotive, chemical processes, civil infrastructure, energy, healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, entertainment, and consumer appliances. This generation is often referred to as embedded systems. In embedded systems the emphasis tends to be more on the computational elements, a
3、nd less on an intense link between the computational and physical elements.Unlike more traditional embedded systems, a full-fledged CPS is typically designed as a network of interacting elements with physical input and output instead of as standalone devices.1 The notion is closely tied to concepts
4、of robotics and sensor networks. The expectation is that in the coming years ongoing advances in science and engineering will improve the link between computational and physical elements, dramatically increasing the adaptability, autonomy, efficiency, functionality, reliability, safety, and usabilit
5、y of cyber-physical systems. The advances will broaden the potential of cyber-physical systems in several dimensions, including: intervention (e.g., collision avoidance); precision (e.g., robotic surgery and nano-level manufacturing); operation in dangerous or inaccessible environments (e.g., search
6、 and rescue, firefighting, and deep-sea exploration); coordination (e.g., air traffic control, war fighting); efficiency (e.g., zero-net energy buildings); and augmentation of human capabilities (e.g., healthcare monitoring and delivery)。信息-物理融合系统CPS是一个综合计算、网络和物理环境的多维复杂系统,通过3C(Computation、Communicat
7、ion、Control)技术的有机融合与深度协作,实现大型工程系统的实时感知、动态控制和信息服务。CPS实现计算、通信与物理系统的一体化设计,可使系统更加可靠、高效、实时协同,具有重要而广泛的应用前景。近年来,CPS不仅已成为国内外学术界和科技界研究开发的重要方向,预计也将成为企业界优先发展的产业领域。开展CPS研究与应用对于加快我国培育推进工业化与信息化融合具有重要意义。信息物理融合系统CPS( Cyber-Physical System )是一个综合计算、网络和物理环境的多空间复杂系统,通过3C( Computation、Communication、Control)技术的有机融合与深度协作
8、,实现大型物理与信息交互系统的实时感知、动态控制和信息服务。CPS实现计算、通信技术与物理工程的一体化设计,可使大型系统更加安全高效,协同工作,实现新的高级功能,具有重要而广泛的应用前景。 近年来CPS不仅成为国际学术界与科技界研究和开发的重要方向,也成为企业界优先发展的产业领域,更是各国政府大力推进使之成为继计算机、互联网之后世界信息产业的第三次浪潮。CPS的研究与应用对于我国抓住机遇,推动科技进步,实施工业化与信息化融合的发展战略具有重要意义。Cyber-physical systemFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigat
9、ion, search A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system featuring a tight combination of, and coordination between, the systems computational and physical elements. Today, a pre-cursor generation of cyber-physical systems can be found in areas as diverse as aerospace, automotive, chemical processes, c
10、ivil infrastructure, energy, healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, entertainment, and consumer appliances. This generation is often referred to as embedded systems. In embedded systems the emphasis tends to be more on the computational elements, and less on an intense link between the computati
11、onal and physical elements.Unlike more traditional embedded systems, a full-fledged CPS is typically designed as a network of interacting elements with physical input and output instead of as standalone devices.1 The notion is closely tied to concepts of robotics and sensor networks. The expectation
12、 is that in the coming years ongoing advances in science and engineering will improve the link between computational and physical elements, dramatically increasing the adaptability, autonomy, efficiency, functionality, reliability, safety, and usability of cyber-physical systems. The advances will b
13、roaden the potential of cyber-physical systems in several dimensions, including: intervention (e.g., collision avoidance); precision (e.g., robotic surgery and nano-level manufacturing); operation in dangerous or inaccessible environments (e.g., search and rescue, firefighting, and deep-sea explorat
14、ion); coordination (e.g., air traffic control, war fighting); efficiency (e.g., zero-net energy buildings); and augmentation of human capabilities (e.g., healthcare monitoring and delivery).2The US National Science Foundation (NSF) has identified cyber-physical systems as a key area of research.3 St
15、arting in late 2006, the NSF and other United States federal agencies sponsored several workshops on cyber-physical systems.45678910ExamplesCommon applications of CPS typically fall under sensor-based systems and autonomous systems. For example, many wireless sensor networks monitor some aspect of t
16、he environment and relay the processed information to a central node. Other types of CPS include autonomous automotive systems, medical monitoring, process control systems, distributed robotics, and automatic pilot avionics.A real-world example of such a system is the Distributed Robot Garden at MIT
17、 in which a team of robots tend a garden of tomato plants. This system combines distributed sensing (each plant is equipped with a sensor node monitoring its status), navigation, Manipulation and wireless networking.Another example is MITs ongoing CarTel project where a fleet of taxis collecting rea
18、l-time traffic information in the Boston area. Together with historical data, this information is then used for calculating fastest routes for a given time of the day.References1. Lee, Edward (January 23, 2008). Cyber Physical Systems: Design Challenges. University of California, Berkeley Technical
19、Report No. UCB/EECS-2008-8. http:/www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2008/EECS-2008-8.html. Retrieved 2008-06-07. 2. Cyber-physical systems. Program Announcements & Information. The National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA. 2008-09-30. http:/www.nsf.gov/pub
20、lications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf08611. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 3. Wolf, Wayne (November 2007). The Good News and the Bad News (Embedded Computing Column. IEEE Computer. puter.org/portal/site/computer/menuitem.5d61c1d591162e4b0ef1bd108bcd45f3/index.jsp?&pName=computer_level1_article&TheCat=1085&path=
21、computer/homepage/Nov07&file=embedded.xml&xsl=article.xsl. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 4. NSF Workshop On Cyber-Physical Systems. http:/varma.ece.cmu.edu/cps. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 5. Beyond SCADA: Networked Embedded Control for Cyber Physical Systems. http:/www.truststc.org/scada/. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
22、6. NSF Cyber-Physical Systems Summit. http:/varma.ece.cmu.edu/Summit. Retrieved 2008-08-01. 7. National Workshop on High-Confidence Automotive Cyber-Physical Systems. http:/varma.ece.cmu.edu/Auto-CPS. Retrieved 2008-08-03. 8. National Workshop on Composable and Systems Technologies for High-Confiden
23、ce Cyber-Physical Systems,. http:/www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/CST-HCCPS/. Retrieved 2008-08-04. 9. National Workshop on High-Confidence Software Platforms for Cyber-Physical Systems (HCSP-CPS),. http:/www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/HCSP-CPS/. Retrieved 2008-08-04. 10. New Research Directions for Future Cyber-P
24、hysical Energy Systems. http:/www.ece.cmu.edu/nsf-cps/. Retrieved 2009-06-05. Further readingNSF Workshop On Cyber-Physical Systems Edward A. Lee, Cyber-Physical Systems - Are Computing Foundations Adequate? Paulo Tabuada, Cyber-Physical Systems: Position Paper Rajesh Gupta, Programming Models and M
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