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1、国际注册汉语教师资格等级考试真题华真汉语Part IReading Comprehension (50%)Direction: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding let
2、ter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: On average, American kids ages from 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than what they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated
3、 in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day
4、in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “ma
5、le breadwinner” households spent comparable mounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.) All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way that a chil
6、d explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor of Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages from 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.
7、The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading. Despite effort
8、s to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, who has got the time?1. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means _. A) children have little time to play with their parents B) children are not taken good ca
9、re of by their working parents C) both parents and children suffer from lacking of leisure time D) both parents and children have troubles managing their time2. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is _. A) quite convincing B) partially true C) totally gro
10、undless D) rather confusing3. According to the author a child develops better if _. A) he has plenty of time reading and studying B) he is left to play with his peers in his own way C) he has more time participating in school activities D) he is free to interact with his working parents4. The author
11、 is concerned about the fact that American kids _. A) are engaged in more and more structured activities B) are increasingly neglected by their working mothers C) are spending more and more time watching TV D) are involved less and less in household work5. We can infer from the passage that _. A) ex
12、tracurricular activities promote childrens intelligence B) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off C) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful D) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to the childrenPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the follow
13、ing passage: Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world. Few would argue with Fords statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows h
14、ow much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other sec
15、tion. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is oft
16、en referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”第2页（共8页） The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is th
17、e dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life. The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the word
18、 business is taken to mean big business. And the term big businessreferring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor
19、disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high - creates feelings of insecurity for many.6. The united States is a typical country _. A) which encourages free trade at homes and abroad B) where peopl
20、es chief concern is how to make money C) where all businesses are managed scientifically D) which normally works according to the federal budget7. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that _. A) most newspapers are run by big businesses B) even public organizations concentr
21、ate on working for profits C) Americans of all professions know how to do business D) even arts and entertainment are regarded as business8. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that _. A) they can start profitable businesses there B) they can be more competiti
22、ve in business C) they will make a fortune overnight there D) they will find better chances of employment9. Henry Fords statements can be taken negatively because _. A) working people are discouraged to fight for their rights B) there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists C) there
23、is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and the labors D) public services are not run by the federal government10. A companys efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in _. A) reduction in the number of employees B) improvement of working conditions C) fewer disputes b
24、etween labor and management D) a rise in workers wagesPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of which are women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassin
25、g lapses (差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的). One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit
26、 on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the womans custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reverse
27、d in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.” Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at
28、 our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain programmes occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.” Women on average re
29、ported slightly more lapses 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men probably because they were more reliable reporters. A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that the skill will reduce the number
30、 of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse even dangerous.11. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects _. A) to keep track of people who tend to forget things B) to report their embarrassing lapses at random C) to analyse their awkw
31、ard experiences scientifically D) to keep a record of what they did unintentionally12. Professor Smith discovered that _. A) certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents B) many people were too embarrassing to admit their absent-mindedness C) men tend to be more absent-minded than wo
32、men D) absent-mindedness is an excusable of human weakness13. “Programme assembly failures” (Line 6, Para.2) refers to the phenomenon that people _. A) often fail to programme their routines beforehand B) tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry C) unconsciously change the sequence of doing th
33、ings D) are likely to mess things up if they are too tired14. We learn from the third paragraph that _. A) absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day B) women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods C) women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness D) m
34、ens absent-mindedness often results in funny situations15. It can be concluded from the passage that _. A) people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses B) hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at C) people should be careful when programming their acti
35、ons D) lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: Its no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. Thats especially true of children w
36、ho remain in abusive homes bemuse the law blindly favors biological parents. Its also第4页（共8页）true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who cant or wont care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights. Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither descr
37、iption, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father shes e
38、ver known and that her biological parents have “no legal claim” on her. The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. Thats an important development, one thats long overdue. Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly May
39、s and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberlys biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasnt the Twiggs own daughter, but Kimberly was, thus sparking a custod
40、y battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed. The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judg
41、e made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit. Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents arent always preferable to adoptive ones
42、, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.16. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judges ruling? A) The biological link. B) The childs benefits. C) The traditional practice. D) The parents feelings.17. We can learn from the
43、 Kimberly case that _. A) children are more than just personal possessions of their parents B) the biological link between parents and child should be emphasized C) foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care D) biological parents shouldnt claim custody rights after their child is
44、adopted18. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because _. A) they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays custody B) they regarded her as their property C) they were her biological parents D) they felt guilty about their past mistake19. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays _. A) by sheer accident B)
45、out of charity C) at his request D) for better care20. The authors attitude towards the judges ruling could be described as _. A) doubtful B) critical C) cautious D) supportivePassage FiveQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:“Tear em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “ Murder the referee ( 裁
46、判)！”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But lets not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us .It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways qui
