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1、英文资料原文INTRODUCTION OF GSM一、 GSM implicationThe GSM full name is: Global System for Mobile Communications, Chinese as the whole world two-way charges for cellular phones system, the popular name the whole world passes, is one kind stems from Europes mobile communication technical standard, is the sec
2、ond generation of mobile communication technology, its development goal is enables the world to be possible to use a mobile phone network standard together, lets the user use a handset to be able good the whole world. Our country used this technical standard in the early-1990s introduction, before t
3、his uses the honeycomb simulation migration technology, namely the first generation of GSM technology (on December 31, 2001 our country has closed simulation migration network). At present, China moves, China Unicom to have a GSM net respectively, for world biggest mobile communication network. GSM
4、system including GSM 900:900 MHz, GSM1800:1800MHz and GSM1900:1900MHz and so on several frequency bands. GSM (whole world mobile communication system) is one kind widely applies in European and the world other place numeric move telephone system. What GSM use is the time division multiple access ano
5、malous form, and it is the present three kind of digital cordless phones technology (TDMA, GSM and CDMA) uses the most widespread one kind. GSM digitizes the material, and carries on the data the compression, then transmits together with other two user data stream from the channel, other two user da
6、ta stream has the respective time slot. GSM in fact is Europes radio telephone standard, Joint board reported according to GSM the MOU, GSM has 1,200,000,000 users in the whole world, and the user proliferates more than 120 countries. Because many GSM network operator has the roaming agreement with
7、other overseas operators, therefore works as user after other countries, still might continue to use their mobile phone.An American Famous Correspondence Company Sprint Auxiliary unit, the American person-to-person communication is using GSM to take one kind of wide band person-to-person communicati
8、on service the technology. This kind of person-to-person communication service finally for Ericsson, Motorola as well as Nokia the handset which produces is establishing more than 400 base depots now. Handset includes telephone, short note beeper and intercom.GSM and other technologies are the wirel
9、ess mobile communication evolutions, wireless mobile communication including high-speed circuit exchange data, general packet radio system, based on GSM network data enlargement mode mobile communication technology as well as general mobile communication service.二、 GSM histories In 1998, the goal re
10、placed GSM for the making the third generation mobile phone (3G) the standard 3GPP start. 3GPP also accepted has maintained and continues to develop the GSM standard the work. ETSI is one of 3GPP members. In the development process, the GSM systems function obtains unceasingly richly. It can thus pr
11、ovide a diverse service. The short information service which first introduces by the GSM system (SMS) has provided one kind novel, convenient, the inexpensive communication way. In 1994, GSM has realized based on the circuit switching data traffic and the facsimile service. In 1999, the WAP agreemen
12、t caused the user to be possible through the handset visit Internet. After 2000, starts the commercial general grouping wireless service (GPRS) to enable the GSM system to be able to provide the data communication by the efficiency higher packet mode. In 2003, the EDGE technology started commercial,
13、 has provided the close 3G data communication ability. At present, the 3GPP organization is also developing the GSM standard, with the aim of using already massively deployed the GSM infrastructure, smoothly to 3G technology evolution.三、 GSM characteristics 1. GSM uses the direct-viewing characteris
14、tic: The GSM system has several important characteristics: Security beats ability to be good, the network capacity is big, the handset number fruitful in resources, the telephone conversation are clear, the stability not easily is disturbed, the information to be keen, the telephone conversation dea
15、d angle are few, the handset power consumption is low.2. GSM technical Characteristic:1. Frequency spectrum efficiency. Because used the highly effective modulator, the channel coding, to interweave, balanced and the speech coding technology, enabled the system to have the high-frequency spectrum ef
16、ficiency. 2. Capacity. Because each channel transmission band width increases, causes the frequency multiplying to plant does reduces compared to the request to 9dB, therefore the GSM systems frequency multiplying pattern may reduce to 4/12 or 3/9 even is small (analogous system is 7/21); In additio
17、n the half speed rate voice codes introduction and the automatic traffic distribution reduce the skip zone cut the number of times, causes the GSM systems volumetric efficiency (each megacycle each plot channel number) compared to TACS system high 35 times.3. Voice quality.In view of the fact that i
18、n digital transmission technology characteristic as well as GSM standard related space connector and voice code definition, when threshold value, the voice quality always achieves the same level, but has nothing to do with the wireless transmission quality.4. Opening connection. The GSM standard pro
19、vides open connection, is not only restricted in the space connector, moreover the publication network is direct as well as in network between equipment entity, for example A connection and Abis connection.5. Security.Through the authentication, the encryption and the TMSI numbers use, serves the sa
20、fe purpose. The authentication uses for to confirm the user to enter the net right. The encryption uses in the space connector, by the SIM card and network AUC key decision. TMSI is one by the service network the temporary identification number which assigns to the user, prevents some people to trac
21、k divulges its geographical position.6. Realizes roaming in the SIM card foundation. Roaming is the mobile communication key character, it symbolizes that the user may enter another network automatically from a network. The GSM system may provide global roaming, certainly also needs the network oper
22、ation between certain agreements, for example cost. 四、 GSM principle GSM is the Global System for Mobile Communication abbreviation. The meaning is the whole world mobile communication system. Divides GSM900, DCS1800 and PCS1900SAN a frequency band, the common so-called dual-frequency handset is in
23、GSM900 and the DCS1800 frequency band cut handset. PCS1900 (PCS1900 - Personal Communications System operating in the 1,900MHz band.) is other national use frequency band (for example the US). GSM900/1800 respectively is the work in the 890960mhz/17101880MHz frequency band. The GSM900 handset maximu
24、m work rate is 8W (actual traveling carriage not such big power, common handset maximum work rate is 2W, Che Zaitai the function big), but the DCS1800 handsets maximum work rate is 1W.GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900 difference: GSM900 is the initial GSM system, the MOBILE power from outputs 1W8W, the GSM900
25、channel from 1124, DCS1800 channel from 512885; DCS1800 is the low power, highest is 1W; GSM frequency band: GSM900 plot radius 35km upward 880915MHz downward 925960MHz.PHASE2: 890925MHz and 935960MHz; Channel number 1124. SM1800 plot radius is 2Km (because 1800 MHz handsets low power) upward 171017
26、85MHz downward 18051880MHz.PHASE2: SAME; Channel number: 512885.For high density user，GSM1900: 18501910MHz 19301990MHz upward and downward composes a frequency to be right, upward is the handset launch, machine the station receive; Downward is the base depot to the handset. For example 935960 and 89
27、0915 differ 45MHz, on the second channel, upward backwardness downward three time departments.Network composition:1. BTS base depot: base transceiver the station base depot most important is the transceiver, the transceiver how many decision plot capacity, a transceiver can support 8 users, a plot b
28、y 3 antennas.a) Transceiver and antennas relations each BTS will have set of transceivers.b) BTS covers a plot; BTS transmits the BCH signal in the RF channels 0 time slots. BCH helps the Mobile recognition/to seek for the network.c) The plot handset user capacity dependence channel counts. d) The G
29、SM space connector data transfer rate is 13Kbps, namely the BTS receiving and dispatching pronunciation data rate is 13KB/S. e) The BTS order handset to establish its emissive power, moves, the cut. 2. BSC base station controller base station controller:a) Several BTS base depots connect BSC, the ba
30、se depot arrangement channel disposition, the cut, and BTS connect BSC; All BSC connection to MSC, b) each BTS links BSC to use the abis connection, is the 2Mbps connection. Uses microwave link, optical fiber, ways and so on co-axial line to connect. c) Microwave link is the best connection mode cho
31、ice frequently. What d) BSC links the MSC use is A e) may provide services and so on plot broadcast in BSC. 3. MSC mobile switching center is the network core, the call setup, maintains, and the release; Links BSC and PSTN, the authentication, the call switches over, the short information, the charg
32、e and so on. When the user increases to the certain amount, may increase MSC between MSC and MSC uses GMSC to link (GATEWAY). a) Works as the call setup, MSC gets up maintains talks over the telephone and separates the telephone conversation the function. b) Saves all user data and their related cha
33、racteristic. c) Is situated between MS and PSTN, exchange correspondence data. d) MSC is the GSM network heart. Is and other GSM network, the non-GSM network company connection. e) MSC major function: The authentication, the position renew, the connection, the charge, the call to switch over, SMS. f
34、), when the user increases, surpasses MSC thecapacity, needs many MSC, doubles user4. TRAN-Trans coding/rate adapter unit rate adapter. a) TRAN transforms 13KB/S the GSM speed into standard 64KB/S; TRAN takes MSC a part. b) Trans coding also uses when downward transforms 16kbps 64kbps. c) Trans codi
35、ng in MSC BSC BTS.5. HLR Home location register belongs to the location register. a) Has all user data stock in MSC to lie in HLR. In HLR has the permanent user database. When b) the user sends out the call, MSC obtains the user data from HLR. Is the user core database, the majority may obtain in th
36、e SIM card data in HLR.6. VLR visiting location register visits the location register.a) Has in VLR all user number which activates. b) When in other MSC user roams to new MSC, between MSC and HLR corresponds, new MSC will roam the user registers in its VLR.c), When the handset roams, user visit are
37、a by other network cover, moreover belongs to the position network to authorize it to use the network which visits, its user information (will be visited from HLR by the copy to VLR location register) to temporarily store. 7. Authentication center AUC-Authentication center a) Is the SIM card proof p
38、rocedure. b) Each SIM card as IMSI, in IMSI has Canadian password c) To have when HLR IMSI and password d) the handset corresponds, first confirms the SIM card the validity, carries on the confirmation by AUC.8. Charge center BC-Billing centera) BC has each users expense condition. b) The direct com
39、pany arrives at MSC, gives BC by the MSC transmission charge information (when telephone conversation) c) BC processing according to unit cost.9. Operation center: OMC-operation and maintenance center. a) Each GSM network surpasses 100 BTS compositions, each entity needs to operate and the maintenan
40、ce. b) Some remote controls are necessary, the examination and long-distance enters. 10. Short message exchange: The SMSC information sends to the handset which through the short message center assigns.a) The information transmits through SMS the information to be possible (company to arrive at SMS)
41、.b) Through the artificial terminal to transmit.c) Short message exchange SMS.11. Pronunciation service center: a) It has all pronunciation users database;b) It also saved the pronunciation information.译文GSM简介一、GSM的涵义：GSM全名为：Global System for Mobile Communications，中文为全球移动通讯系统，俗称“全球通”，是一种起源于欧洲的移动通信技术
42、标准，是第二代移动通信技术，其开发目的是让全球各地可以共同使用一个移动电话网络标准，让用户使用一部手机就能行遍全球。我国于20世纪90年代初引进采用此项技术标准，此前一直是采用蜂窝模拟移动技术，即第一代GSM技术；目前，中国移动，中国联通的GSM网已经分别为世界最大的移动通信网络。GSM系统包括GSM900：900MHz、GSM1800：1800MHz及GSM1900：1900MHz等几个频段。GSM（全球移动通信系统）是一种广泛应用于欧洲及世界其他地方的数字移动电话系统。GSM使用的是时分复用的特殊形式，并且它是目前三种数字无线电话技术（TDMA、GSM和CDMA）中使用最为广泛的一种。GS
43、M将资料数字化，并将数据进行压缩，然后与其它的两个用户数据流一起从信道发送出去，另外的两个用户数据流都有各自的时隙。GSM实际上是欧洲的无线电话标准，据GSM MOU联合委员会报道，GSM在全球有12亿的用户，并且用户遍布120多个国家。因为许多GSM网络操作员与其他国外操作员有漫游协议，因此当用户到其他国家之后，仍然可以继续使用他们的移动电话。美国著名通信公司Sprint的一个辅助部门，美国个人通信正在使用GSM作为一种宽带个人通信服务的技术。这种个人通信服务将最终为爱立信、摩托罗拉以及诺基亚现在正在生产的手持机建立400多个基站。手持机包括电话、短信寻呼机和对讲机。GSM及其他技术是无线移
44、动通信的演进，无线移动通信包括高速电路交换数据、通用无线分组系统、基于GSM网络的数据增强型移动通信技术以及通用移动通信服务。二、GSM历史：1998年，目标为制订接替GSM的第三代移动电话（3G）规范的3GPP启动。3GPP也接受了维护和继续开发GSM规范的工作。ETSI是3GPP的成员之一。在发展的过程中，GSM系统的功能不断得到丰富，从而能够提供更多样的服务。由GSM系统首先引入的短信息服务（SMS）提供了一种新颖、便捷、廉价的通讯方式。1994年，GSM实现了基于电路交换的数据业务和传真服务。1999年，WAP协议使得用户可以通过手机访问互联网。2000年后开始商用的通用分组无线服务（
45、GPRS）使得GSM系统能够以效率更高的分组方式提供数据通讯。2003年，EDGE技术开始商用，提供了接近3G的数据通讯能力。目前，3GPP组织还在发展GSM标准，以便利用已经大量部署GSM基础设施，平滑地向3G技术演进。三、GSM特点1.GSM使用上直观的特点：GSM系统有几项重要特点：防盗能力佳、网络容量大、手机号码资源丰富、通话清晰、稳定性强不易受干扰、信息灵敏、通话死角少、手机耗电量低。2.GSM的技术特点：(1).频谱效率。由于采用了高效调制器、信道编码、交织、均衡和语音编码技术，使系统具有高频谱效率。(2).容量。由于每个信道传输带宽增加，使同频复用比要求降低至9dB，故GSM系统
46、的同频复用模式可以缩小到4/12或3/9甚至更小（模拟系统为7/21）；加上半速率话音编码的引入和自动话务分配以减少越区切换的次数，使GSM系统的容量效率（每兆赫每小区的信道数）比TACS系统高35倍。(3). 话音质量。鉴于数字传输技术的特点以及GSM规范中有关空中接口和话音编码的定义，在门限值以上时，话音质量总是达到相同的水平而与无线传输质量无关。(4). 开放的接口。GSM标准所提供的开放性接口，不仅限于空中接口，而且报刊网络直接以及网络中个设备实体之间，例如A接口和Abis接口。(5). 安全性。通过鉴权、加密和TMSI号码的使用，达到安全的目的。鉴权用来验证用户的入网权利。加密用于空
47、中接口，由SIM卡和网络AUC的密钥决定。TMSI是一个由业务网络给用户指定的临时识别号，以防止有人跟踪而泄漏其地理位置。(6). 在SIM卡基础上实现漫游。漫游是移动通信的重要特征，它标志着用户可以从一个网络自动进入另一个网络。GSM系统可以提供全球漫游，当然也需要网络运营者之间的某些协议，例如计费。四、GSM原理GSM是Global System for Mobile Communication 的缩写。意思是全球移动通信系统。分GSM900、DCS1800和PCS1900三个频段，一般的所谓的双频手机就是在GSM900和DCS1800频段切换的手机。PCS1900(PCS1900 Per
48、sonal Communications System operating in the 1900MHz band.)则是别的一些国家使用的频段(如美国)。 GSM900/1800分别是工作在890960MHz/17101880MHz频段的。GSM900的手机最大功率是8W（实际中移动台没这么大的功率，一般的手机最大功率是2W，车载台功率较大），而DCS1800的手机的最大功率是1W。GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900的区别：GSM900是初始的GSM系统，MOBILE的功率从输出1W8W，GSM900的通道从1124，DCS1800的通道从512885，DCS1800是低功率的，最
49、高是1W。GSM的频段：GSM900 小区半径35Km上行880915MHz 下行将925960MHzPHASE2：890925MHz和935960MHz；通道号1124.GSM1800小区半径2Km(由于1800MHz手机的低功率)上行17101785MHz下行18051880MHz。PHASE2：SAME；通道号：512885.为高密度的用户.GSM1900：18501910MHz 19301990MHz 上行和下行组成一频率对，上行就是手机发射、机站接收；下行就是基站到手机。例如935960和890915相差45MHz，第二个通道上，上行落后下行三个时隙。网络组成：1. BTS基站：基站首要是收发器，收发器的
