单片机课程设计—波形发生器.doc

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1、信息科学与技术学院单片机原理课程设计报告 题目名称： 波形发生器 学生姓名： 1学 号： 1 目录1设计任务和技术要求：11.输出频率扩展至10 0Hz200kHz；12方案选择：1方案一1方案二：2方案三：23硬件原理电路图的设计及分析：21基本原理24程序设计与分析:31正弦波生成32三角波的生成：45系统评价：41开始运行程序时的时候5按一下select52第二次按select63第三次按：select76实验心得7附录一：总体电路图8附录二：源代码91设计任务和技术要求：1. 具有产生正弦波、三角波和方波三种周期性波形的功能；2. 通过键盘选择输出信号类型，幅值、周期等相关指标；3.

2、输出波形的频率为100Hz20kHz；4. 具有显示输出波形的类型、频率和幅度的功能。扩展功能：1. 输出频率扩展至100Hz200kHz；2. 键盘控制产生任意波形；2方案选择：方案一：采用函数信号发生器ICL8038集成模拟芯片，（如图2-1）它是一种可以同时产生方波、三角波、正弦波的专用集成电路。但是这种模块产生的波形都不是纯净的波形，会寄生一些高次谐波分量，采用其他的措施虽可滤除一些，但不能完全滤除掉。方案一方框图D/A键 盘单片机ICL8038运算电路显 示D/A输出 方案二：采用分立元件实现非稳态的多谐振振荡器，然后根据需要加入积分电路等构成正弦、矩形、三角等波形发生器。这种信号发

3、生器输出频率范围窄，而且电路参数设定较繁琐，其频率大小的测量往往需要通过硬件电路的切换来实现，操作不方便。方案三：采用单片机和DAC0832数模转换器生成波形，由于是软件滤波，所以不会有寄生的高次谐波分量，生成的波形比较纯净。它的特点是价格低、性能高，在低频范围内稳定性好、操作方便、体积小、耗电少。经比较，方案三既可满足毕业设计的基本要求又能充分发挥其优势，电路简单，易控制，性价比较高，所以采用该方案单片机选择：AT89C52单片机是一种高性能8位单片微型计算机。它把构成计算机的中央处理器CPU、存储器、寄存器、I/O接口制作在一块集成电路芯片中，从而构成较为完整的计算机。3硬件原理电路图的设

4、计及分析：1基本原理波形指示单片机按键输出基准电源数模转换电流/电压转换电源低频信号发生器系统主要由单片机、D/A转换电路、基准电压电路、电流/电压转换电路、按键和波形指示电路、电源等电路组成。其工作原理为当分别按下四个按键中的任第一个按键就会分别出现方波、锯齿波、三角波、正弦波，按第二个键可以增加频率，第三个键会减小频率。按最后一个显示电压值。4程序设计与分析:1正弦波生成uchar code sine_tab256=/输出电压从0到最大值（正弦波1/4部分）0x80,0x83,0x86,0x89,0x8d,0x90,0x93,0x96,0x99,0x9c,0x9f,0xa2,0xa5,0x

5、a8,0xab,0xae,0xb1,0xb4,0xb7,0xba,0xbc,0xbf,0xc2,0xc5,0xc7,0xca,0xcc,0xcf,0xd1,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdd,0xdf,0xe1,0xe3,0xe5,0xe7,0xe9,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xef,0xf1,0xf2,0xf4,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,/输出电压从最大值到0（正弦波1/4部分）0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0

6、xff,0xfe,0xfd,0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf2,0xf1,0xef,0xee,0xec,0xea,0xe9,0xe7,0xe5,0xe3,0xe1,0xde,0xdd,0xda,0xd8,0xd6,0xd4,0xd1,0xcf,0xcc,0xca,0xc7,0xc5,0xc2,0xbf,0xbc,0xba,0xb7,0xb4,0xb1,0xae,0xab,0xa8,0xa5,0xa2,0x9f,0x9c,0x99 ,0x96,0x93,0x90,0x8d,0x89,0x86,0x83,0x80,/输出电压

7、从0到最小值（正弦波1/4部分）0x80,0x7c,0x79,0x76,0x72,0x6f,0x6c,0x69,0x66,0x63,0x60,0x5d,0x5a,0x57,0x55,0x51,0x4e,0x4c,0x48,0x45,0x43,0x40,0x3d,0x3a,0x38,0x35,0x33,0x30,0x2e,0x2b,0x29,0x27,0x25,0x22,0x20,0x1e,0x1c,0x1a,0x18,0x16 ,0x15,0x13,0x11,0x10,0x0e,0x0d,0x0b,0x0a,0x09,0x08,0x07,0x06,0x05,0x04,0x03,0x02,0x0

8、2,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/输出电压从最小值到0（正弦波1/4部分）0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02 ,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0d,0x0e,0x10,0x11,0x13,0x15 ,0x16,0x18,0x1a,0x1c,0x1e,0x20,0x22,0x25,0x27,0x29,0x2b,0x2e,0x30,0x33,0x35,0x38,0x3a,0x3d,0x40,0x43,0x45,0x48,0x4c,0x4e,

9、0x51,0x55,0x57,0x5a,0x5d,0x60,0x63,0x66 ,0x69,0x6c,0x6f,0x72,0x76,0x79,0x7c,0x80;三角波的生成：uchar code triangle_tab= /每隔数字8，采取一次0x00,0x08,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x28,0x30,0x38,0x40,0x48,0x50,0x58,0x60,0x68,0x70,0x78,0x80,0x88,0x90,0x98,0xa0,0xa8,0xb0,0xb8,0xc0,0xc8,0xd0,0xd8,0xe0,0xe8,0xf0,0xf8,0xff,0xf8,0xf0,0

10、xe8,0xe0,0xd8,0xd0,0xc8,0xc0,0xb8,0xb0,0xa8,0xa0,0x98,0x90,0x88,0x80,0x78,0x70,0x68,0x60,0x58,0x50,0x48,0x40,0x38,0x30,0x28,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x08,0x00;方波输出：void square_out() /方波输出 judge=judge; if(judge=1) DAdata=0xff;else DAdata=0x00;DA_S1=0; /打开8位输入寄存器DA_S1=1; /关闭8位输入寄存器5系统评价：基本功能可以实现但是还是有一些没有做好，调频范围

11、有些小，还有一些方面不足。没有在试验箱上实现。其他功能基本实现。1开始运行程序时的时候按一下select 2第二次按select 3第三次按：select 6实验心得通过这次毕业设计，使我深刻地认识到学好专业知识的重要性，也理解了理论联系实际的含义，并且检验了大学三年的学习成果，进一步加深了我对专业知识的了解和认识以及动手的能力。虽然在这次设计中对于所学知识的运用和衔接还不够熟练，作品完成的还不是很出色。但是我将在以后的工作和学习中继续努力、不断完善。这个设计是对我们过去所学知识的系统提高和扩充的过程，为今后的发展打下了良好的基础附录一：总体电路图附录二：源代码#include#define

12、uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int/#define Fosc 24000000/12000000 /12分频后的频率#define DAdata P0/DA数据端口sbit DA_S1= P20; / 控制DAC0832的8位输入寄存器，仅当都为0时，可以输出数据(处于直通状态)，否则，输出将被锁存sbit DA_S2= P21; / 控制DAC0832的8位DAC寄存器，仅当都为0时，可以输出数据(处于直通状态)，否则，输出将被锁存sbit key= P32;uchar wavecount; /抽点计数uchar THtemp,TLtem

13、p;/传递频率的中间变量/uint T_temp;uchar judge=1; /在方波输出函数中用于简单判别作用uchar waveform; /当其为0、1、2时，分别代表三种波uchar code freq_unit3=10,50,200; /三种波的频率单位uchar idata wavefreq3=1,1,1; /给每种波定义一个数组单元，用于存放单位频率的个数uchar code lcd_hang1=Sine Wave Triangle Wave Square Wave Select Wave: press No.1 key! ;uchar idata lcd_hang216=f=

14、 Hz ;/*uchar code wave_freq_adjust= /频率调整中间值 0xff,0xb8,0x76,0x56,0x43,0x37,0x2e,0x26,0x20,0x1c, /正弦波频率调整中间值0xff,0x8e,0x5a,0x41,0x32,0x28,0x20,0x1b,0x17,0x0e,/三角波频率调整中间值0xff,0x8e,0x5a,0x41,0x32,0x28,0x20,0x1b,0x17,0x0e; uint code wave_freq_adjust= /频率调整中间值 380,184,118,86,67,55,46,28,38,32,295,142, 90

15、,65,50,40,32,27,23,14,295,142, 90,65,50,40,32,27,23,14; */*uchar code waveTH= 0xfc,0xfe,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfc,0xfe,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff;uchar code waveTL= 0xf2,0x78,0xfb,0x3c,0x63,0x7d,0x8f,0x9d,0xa8,0xb1,0x1

16、7,0x0b,0xb2,0x05,0x37,0x58,0x70,0x82,0x90,0x9b, 0x4d,0xa7,0xc4,0xd3,0xdc,0xe2,0xe6,0xea,0xec,0xee;*/*这两组数组很重要，需要根据波形来调试，选择合适的值，使输出波形达到频率要求*/uchar code waveTH= 0xfd,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfd,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xec,0xf6,0xf9,0xfb,0xfc,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0

17、xfd,0xfe;uchar code waveTL= 0x06,0x8a,0x10,0x4e,0x78,0x93,0xa8,0xb3,0xbe,0xc6, /正弦波频率调整中间值0xac,0xde,0x48,0x7a,0x99,0xaf,0xbb,0xc8,0xd0,0xde,/三角波频率调整中间值0x88,0x50,0x90,0x32,0x34,0xbe,0x4a,0xa3,0xe5,0x2c; /*/uchar code triangle_tab= /每隔数字8，采取一次0x00,0x08,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x28,0x30,0x38,0x40,0x48,0x50,0x58

18、,0x60,0x68,0x70,0x78,0x80,0x88,0x90,0x98,0xa0,0xa8,0xb0,0xb8,0xc0,0xc8,0xd0,0xd8,0xe0,0xe8,0xf0,0xf8,0xff,0xf8,0xf0,0xe8,0xe0,0xd8,0xd0,0xc8,0xc0,0xb8,0xb0,0xa8,0xa0,0x98,0x90,0x88,0x80,0x78,0x70,0x68,0x60,0x58,0x50,0x48,0x40,0x38,0x30,0x28,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x08,0x00;uchar code sine_tab256=/输出电压从0到最大值

19、（正弦波1/4部分）0x80,0x83,0x86,0x89,0x8d,0x90,0x93,0x96,0x99,0x9c,0x9f,0xa2,0xa5,0xa8,0xab,0xae,0xb1,0xb4,0xb7,0xba,0xbc,0xbf,0xc2,0xc5,0xc7,0xca,0xcc,0xcf,0xd1,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdd,0xdf,0xe1,0xe3,0xe5,0xe7,0xe9,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xef,0xf1,0xf2,0xf4,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,

20、0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,/输出电压从最大值到0（正弦波1/4部分）0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xfd,0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf2,0xf1,0xef,0xee,0xec,0xea,0xe9,0xe7,0xe5,0xe3,0xe1,0xde,0xdd,0xda,0xd8,0xd6,0xd4,0xd1,0xcf,0xcc,0xca,0xc7,0xc5,0xc2,0xbf,0xbc,0xba,0xb7,0xb4,0xb1,0xae,0xab

21、,0xa8,0xa5,0xa2,0x9f,0x9c,0x99 ,0x96,0x93,0x90,0x8d,0x89,0x86,0x83,0x80,/输出电压从0到最小值（正弦波1/4部分）0x80,0x7c,0x79,0x76,0x72,0x6f,0x6c,0x69,0x66,0x63,0x60,0x5d,0x5a,0x57,0x55,0x51,0x4e,0x4c,0x48,0x45,0x43,0x40,0x3d,0x3a,0x38,0x35,0x33,0x30,0x2e,0x2b,0x29,0x27,0x25,0x22,0x20,0x1e,0x1c,0x1a,0x18,0x16 ,0x15,0

22、x13,0x11,0x10,0x0e,0x0d,0x0b,0x0a,0x09,0x08,0x07,0x06,0x05,0x04,0x03,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/输出电压从最小值到0（正弦波1/4部分）0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02 ,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0d,0x0e,0x10,0x11,0x13,0x15 ,0x16,0x18,0x1a,0x1c,0x1e,0x20,0x22,0x25,0x2

23、7,0x29,0x2b,0x2e,0x30,0x33,0x35,0x38,0x3a,0x3d,0x40,0x43,0x45,0x48,0x4c,0x4e,0x51,0x55,0x57,0x5a,0x5d,0x60,0x63,0x66 ,0x69,0x6c,0x6f,0x72,0x76,0x79,0x7c,0x80; void delay(uchar z) uint x,y;for(x=z;x0;x-)for(y=110;y0;y-);void triangle_out()/三角波输出 DAdata=triangle_tabwavecount+;if(wavecount64) wavecount

24、=0;DA_S1=0; /打开8位输入寄存器DA_S1=1; /关闭8位输入寄存器void sine_out() /正弦波输出 DAdata=sine_tabwavecount+;DA_S1=0; /打开8位输入寄存器DA_S1=1; /关闭8位输入寄存器void square_out() /方波输出 judge=judge; if(judge=1) DAdata=0xff;else DAdata=0x00;DA_S1=0; /打开8位输入寄存器DA_S1=1; /关闭8位输入寄存器/*1602液晶的相关函数*/#define lcd_ports P1sbit rs=P22;sbit rw=P

25、23;sbit lcden=P24;void write_com(uchar com)rs=0;/置零，表示写指令lcden=0;lcd_ports=com;delay(5);lcden=1;delay(5);lcden=0;void write_date(uchar date)rs=1;/置1，表示写数据（在指令所指的地方写数据）lcden=0;lcd_ports=date;delay(5);lcden=1;delay(5);lcden=0;void disp_lcd(uchar addr,uchar *temp1)uchar num;write_com(addr);delay(1); /延

26、时一会儿?for(num=0;num16;num+)待添加的隐藏文字内容2write_date(temp1num);/或者这样写write_date(*(temp1+num);delay(1);void init_lcd()/uchar num;lcden=0; /可有可无?rw=0; /初始化一定要设置为零，表示写数据write_com(0x38); /使液晶显示点阵，为下面做准备write_com(0x0c); /初始设置write_com(0x06); /初始设置write_com(0x01); /清零write_com(0x80); /使指针指向第一行第一格 disp_lcd(0x80

27、,&lcd_hang13*16); /在第一行显示 disp_lcd(0xc0,&lcd_hang14*16); /在第二行显示/*for(num=0;num16;num+)write_date(tablenum);delay(5);write_com(0x80+0x40); /给指针重新赋值，使之指向第二行第一格for(num=0;num2) waveform=0; break; case 0xd0: /频率按规定单位依次增加 wavefreqwaveform+; if(wavefreqwaveform10) wavefreqwaveform=1; / /*这边要用“10”，因为它比“=11

28、”可靠 break; / 性更高,使加数有个上限，不会一直加下去*/ case 0xb0: /频率按规定单位依次衰减 wavefreqwaveform-; if(wavefreqwaveform1) wavefreqwaveform=10; /这边要用“1”，因为它比“=0”可靠性更高 break; case 0x70: /TTL输出 DA_S2=1; /使DAC寄存器关闭 break; THtemp=waveTHwaveform*10+(wavefreqwaveform-1); /方括号中选取第几个数后，并把该值赋给T_tempTLtemp=waveTLwaveform*10+(wavefr

29、eqwaveform-1); total_freq= wavefreqwaveform * freq_unitwaveform; /求输出频率（个数*单位） lcd_hang25=total_freq%10+0x30; /在液晶中显示个位，(0x30 在液晶显示中表示数字0) total_freq/=10; lcd_hang24=total_freq%10+0x30; /在液晶中显示时十位 total_freq/=10; lcd_hang23=total_freq%10+0x30; /在液晶中显示时百位 total_freq/=10; lcd_hang22=total_freq%10+0x30; /在液晶中显示时千位 disp_lcd(0x80,&lcd_hang1waveform*16); /在第一行显示 disp_lcd(0xc0,lcd_hang2); /在第二行显示wavecount=0; /抽点计数清零while(!key);EA=1; TR0=1; /开启总中断与定时器参考文献: 1 侯玉宝 陈忠平 李成群 基于Proteus的51系列单片机设计与仿真 北京电子工业出版社2008年9月 P184-P1872 惠仇 手把手教你学51单片机 北京 电子工业出版社 09年1月 P306-P314