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1、附录C：外文资料翻译Uses the multi-monolithic integrated circuits fluid position monitoring meterUses the monolithic integrated circuit design fluid position monitoring meter is the very general procedure. If must survey the fluid position has many groups (above 16 groups), each group request can roll demonst
2、rates in 1 year each class, every day, each months input output total quantity (on 1st 3 classes), normal or the accident power cut data does not lose, man-machine interaction ability striving to excel (must establish suitable quantity pressed key and uses the LCD demonstration), and each Lu Yewei r
3、equests to correspond 2 group control output signal (fluid pot liquid input control and output control), the disposition miniature printer port, the establishment sound warning, all these need many I/O ports to support without doubt, the only monolithic integrated circuit is cannot accomplish, needs
4、 to expand the I/O port. In this design, the author thought that uses the special-purpose I/O expansion chip to have many malpractices, weighed the advantages and disadvantages, chooses has replaced special-purpose I/O with the monolithic integrated circuit the connection chip the method.special-pur
5、pose I/O chip and the monolithic integrated circuit serve as the I/O chip the contrast:Special-purpose I/O connection chips I/O mouth quantity are not more than the monolithic integrated circuit (the author to use monolithic integrated circuit model is 89C52).The special-purpose I/O connection chip
6、use is not flexible, several use ways have been established by the chip designer, cannot surpass this scope change, but the monolithic integrated circuit receives limits is small, uses nimbly.The special-purpose I/O connection chip independence is bad, intelligence difference, regardless of being re
7、ceives the input signal or the output control signal, the I/O special-purpose chip adds color to the signal input output cannot make the decision, must by the monolithic integrated circuit decision making, only play relay or the transition signal role, has not monitored ability, cannot the independe
8、nt processing question, but the monolithic integrated circuit is not so, may use many kinds of way nimble processing question.Uses I/O to expand the special-purpose chip to probably be familiar with it, the engineers and technicians must be more than generally to monolithic integrated circuits famil
9、iar degree to it, comparatively, uses it to waste the time, another I/O expands the special-purpose chip the price to be higher than the monolithic integrated circuit, considers from the cost accounting not economically.Special-purpose I/O chip timeliness is bad, because I/O expands the special-purp
10、ose chip only to play the receiving and dispatching signal the role, itself has not processed the processing signal ability, such signal will undergo its transmission back and forth to create the detention inevitably, will thus have the timely bad problem.Uses the monolithic integrated circuit to ma
11、ke the I/O connection, is advantageous for the software and hardware design modulation, the division of labor is clear, for the design, the debugging, the maintenance brings enormously convenient.Used the monolithic integrated circuit to make the I/O connection to strengthen for the connection super
12、vision dynamics, lightened the main monolithic integrated circuits burden.Hardware architecture and division of labor:The hardware design is divided the following several parts: Monolithic integrated circuit; A/D conversion fraction; Control signal output unit; The nonvolatile storage (makes the RAM
13、 expansion); Presses a key the part; Demonstrates the part; Prints the I/O port part; Analog switch part.The monolithic integrated circuit selects 89C52, its characteristic is internal includes 8KB ROM, does not need outside the piece to expand ROM; A/D switch selects MC14433, its characteristic is
14、the conversion accuracy is high, antijamming ability, each second may transform about 20 times, because the fluid position change is not very quick, therefore may satisfy the monitor fluid position change the need; The control signal output uses the monolithic integrated circuit to control the 74LS3
15、73 latchs way, This may fluctuate the control output port quantity through the fluctuation latch integer way; Because each group request can roll demonstrates in 1 year each class, every day, each months input output total quantity (on 1st 3 classes), normal or the accident power cut data does not l
16、ose, therefore has used AT29LV040A (512KB) dodges the fast memory (also to be possible to use FRAM).Because 89C52 are most may outside expand 64KB RAM, to guarantee that has the enough storage space to be possible AT29LV040A A16, A17 and a18 address wire and the 1# monolithic integrated circuits som
17、e port connection, like this through controls these 3 address wires the change to be possible to achieve uses AT29LV040The 512KB space goal. Presses a key the part to use conventional the non-code keyboard way then. In order to enhance the man-machine interactive ability, demonstrated that the part
18、has used GXM12864SL large screen LCD, on such screen may demonstrate from arranges Chinese character, digit, equality and simple design; Prints the I/O port, may carry on the corresponding connection disposition according to the request then; The analog switch selects many piece of CD4051, they with
19、 the monolithic integrated circuit coordination, use in choosing in the multi-channel fluid position simulation quantity 1 group fluid position simulation quantity, then carries on a/D transformation.Because has selected 3 monolithic integrated circuits, has solved the I/O port insufficient problem
20、effectively, also caused in the design to simplify many, so long as according to the conventional connection chip way, has then omitted many transition chips, like 74LS244, 74LS245, 74LS73 and so on, also caused the software design becomes simple easy. Because the hardware connection becomes simple
21、moreover is the conventional connection, therefore this article has not provided the detailed line connection diagram. between 3 monolithic integrated circuits data exchanges have used the serial port mailing address. In this design, 3 monolithic integrated circuits use also reposition, certainly ma
22、y also use separates the reset mode, but the pressed key must increase, this kind of situation regards the request to decide.利用多重单片集成电路的液位监测仪采用单片集成电路设计液位监测仪是非常一般的程序。如果必须检测很多组液位（16组以上），每一组要求可以滚动显示一年中的每一类，每一天，每个月的输入输出总量（显示这三个其中的一个） ，正常或意外断电数据不会丢失，人机交互能力争取优化（必须设立适当的数量按键，并使用液晶显示屏） ，而且每个LU液位要求对应2组控制输出信号（
23、流体电位器液体输入控制和输出控制），微型打印机端口的配置，语音报警系统的设立，毫无疑问，所有的这些都需要很多的I/O端口来支持，单一的单片集成电路是不能完成的，需要扩充I/O端口。在这种设计中，作者认为，使用专用I/O扩充芯片有许多不足之处，权衡利弊后，选择单片集成电路联结芯片的方法取代专用I/O。专用I / O芯片和单片机作为I / O薄片形成了鲜明的对比：1) 专用I / O连接芯片的I / O口数量不会超过单片机集成电路(作者采用89C52单片机集成电路模型)。2) 专用的I / O连接芯片使用不灵活，几种使用方法已经被设计师确定，不能超过这个范围的变化,但整体集成电路受限是小,使用灵活
24、。3) 专用的I / O连接片独立性较差,智力有差异, 无论是接受输入信号和输出的控制信号，I / O专用芯片增添色彩的信号输入输出不能作出决定， 必须由单片机集成电路的决策，只扮演角色的转换或者信号传递，没有监测能力，不能独立处理问题，但是单片机集成电路不是这样,可以用多种方式灵活处理的问题。4) 使用的I / O扩大专用芯片大概会是很熟悉，工程师和技术员们必须大于一般对单片机的熟悉程度,，相比较而言，用它来浪费时间，另一个I / O扩展了专用芯片价格高于单一集成电路，认为从成本核算不经济。5) 专用I / O芯片时间性是坏的，因为I / O扩展只打了专用芯片收发讯号的角色，本身并没有能力处
25、理信号的处理,这样的信号将接受它来回传递创造拘留不可避免，从而有随时坏的问题。6) 采用单片机集成电路的I / O连接,便于硬件和软件的设计，分工明确，为设计、调试、维修带来极大的方便。7）使用单片机对使I / O连接加强了监管力度，减轻了主要的整体集成电路的负担。硬件体系结构和分工： 硬件的设计分为以下几个部分：单片集成电路; A/D转换部分;控制信号输出设备，非易失性存储器（扩展随机存取存储器）;按键部分;显示器部分; I/O端口打印部分;模拟开关部分。该单片集成电路选用89C52单片机，其特点是内部包含8KB的只读存储器，不需要对其再进行外部扩充; A/D转换部分选用MC14433 ，其
26、特点是转换精度高，能抗干扰，每秒钟能转换大约20次，由于液位的变化并非很快，因此可满足监测液位变化的需要;控制信号输出采用了单片集成电路来控制74LS373锁存器的方式，这可能由于变动锁存器整数的方式导致控制输出端口数量的变动。因为每一组要求可以滚动显示一年中的每一类，每一天，每个月的输入输出总量（显示这三个其中的一个），正常或意外断电数据不会丢失，因此，我们使用了AT29LV040A （512KB）来避免快速存储（也有可能使用FRAM）。由于89C52单片机最有可能对64KB RAM进行外部扩充，以保证有足够的存储空间实现AT29LV040AA16 ，A17，A18地址线和1 单片集成电路的
27、一些端口联结，像这样通过控制这3个地址线的变化有可能实现使用AT29LV040的 512KB空间的目标。然后按键部分使用常规的非代码键盘的方式。为了加强人机交互能力，显示器部分使用了GXM12864SL大屏幕液晶显示器，在这个屏幕上可以显示一系列汉字，数字，等式和简单的设计; 然后I/O端口打印部分可根据需要进行相应的联结配置；模拟开关选用多个CD4051 ，它们具有协调的单片集成电路，用于选择多通道液位模拟量中的1组液位模拟量，然后进行a/D转换。由于已经选择了3个完全统一的集成电路，有效地解决了输入/输出极不足的问题，这也使设计简单了许多，只要按照常规的连接集成电路的方式，然后省去许多的转换芯片，像74LS244, 74LS245, 74LS73等，因此也使软件设计变的简单了许多。因为硬件的连接简单而且是常规的连接方法，所以这篇文章没有提供详细的连接图。3个完全统一的集成电路之间的数据交换已经被用于串行端口。在这项设计中，3个单片集成电路也用于复位，也可能用于分离调零的模式，但是按键必须增加，这是由实际的需求情况决定的。
