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1、初一英语语法知识点总结复习课时一教学任务一、 重点语法1. 动词be（am,is,are）的用法：be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：I am+第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good s
2、tudents.用法口诀：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。 第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了
3、、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。数人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishe
4、rsitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book? No,，it isnt， its hers(her book)This pen is mine.课时二（2）简单句一 陈述句 陈述句的否定结构：陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：（1）句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not
5、+ 其他成分 I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。We have not (havent) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。 He will not (wont) come. 他不会来。We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。 It could not (couldnt) be lost. 它不可能丢的。（2） 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词)，
6、而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分You do not (dont) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。 He does not (doesnt) teach this class . 他不教这个班。They did not(didnt) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗？这句话表示的
7、是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的二 疑问句 疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？”。常考的疑问句有四类，即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。第一节 一般疑问句一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答，所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读这种句子时要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型： 1、“be + 主语 + 表语”结构 Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗？ Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 3、“情态动词 + 主语言+ 行为动词（或be）”结构 May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗？ Yes, yo
8、u can. 是的，可以。 5、“助动词（do, does, did）+ 主语 + 行为动词”结构 Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗？ No, I dont . 不，我不喜欢。难点提示回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在Yes 后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定结构，表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候，只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。 Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗？ Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No
9、, he is not. 是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。 Isnt she very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗？ Yes, she is. 不，她很聪明。 No, she is not . 是，她不聪明。第二节 特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答，不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或No 来回答，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。 二、特殊疑问句的结构：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业？ What do you do in the evenin
10、g?你晚上做什么？What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业？When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？三、注意：对人提问时who“谁”对所属（谁的）提问用whose“谁的” 对哪一个提问用which“哪一个”对时间提问用when“什么时候”或what time“几点” 对物体提问用what“什么” 对地点提问用where“哪里” 对原因提问用why“为什么” 对方式提问用how“怎么样” 对数量提问用how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数）或how much“多少”（用于不可数名词）四
11、、难点提示1、 以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。 Why dont you have a try? 你为什么不试试呢？2、 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。I dont want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那儿，你呢？ But what else? 可是还有什么呢？肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法三步法1. 有be动词/情态动词：be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。2. 无be动词/情态
12、动词，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。 3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。 例如： 陈述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar. 一般疑问句: Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar? 陈述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑问句： Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs? 关于特殊疑问词1、根据划线部分确
13、定是什么疑问词, 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。 2、how many后必须先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。 课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化：统一加读iz。例：busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflash
14、es三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。读音变化：加读z。例：candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。读音变化：加读z。例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silosilos; pianopianos（外来词）; photophotos; 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。
15、读音变化：尾音f改读vz。例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer;七、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化：没有规律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen八、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词例： footfeet; manmen mousemice; t
16、oothteeth; womanwomen九、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼十、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;traffic交通十一、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀tro
17、users长裤; wages工资十二、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers十三、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼十四、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpe
18、does,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面几类词只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词 如:videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos, 2. 一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos, 3. 一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos, 写出下列名词复数leaf_ puppy_ box_ knife_ fly_ fox_ bus_ bench_ brush_ kiss_ church_ dish_ ruler_ peach_
19、glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_ knife_ lady_ key_ story_ watch_ bamboo_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ people _ ox_ Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_ tooth_ guy_ hero_ spy_ boss_ monkey_ city _ goat _ radio _ horse _ dog _用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1There are so ma
20、ny_(wolf)in the forest.2There are three _(chair) in the classroom.3These _(tomato) are red. 4_(hero) are great.5My brother looks after two _(baby)6There are some _(deer) eating the grass.7My father likes to eat _(potato).8Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.9I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom.10I
21、 help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen.11I have two _(pencil-box). 12There are some _(bus)in the street.13Peter has eight _(foot). 14Linda has three _(tooth).15There are some _(child) in the garden.16Michael likes the _(mouse).17There are some _(goose)in the river.18My uncle and father are _(ma
22、n).19Tom and King are _(boy). 20Linda has three _(tooth).选出正确形式1I can see three _ in the zoo. A monkeys B monkeys C monkey2.The pig has four _.A. foot B. feet C. foots3.My two brothers are both _.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen4.There are four _ in the class.A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. Japan
23、5.I can see ten _ in the picture.A. sheep B. dog C. pig6.The _ has three_.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches7.C an you see _on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades8.The girl often brushes her_ before she goes to bed.A. tooth B. toothsC. teeth9.Mr Black often drink some _.A. milk B. m
24、ilks C.milkes10.There are some _ on the floor.A. child B. water C. books11. _ will learn English. A. Woman B. Women C. Man12.Lucy will show us some new _ of hers.A. photo B. photos C. photoes13. I drank two _.A. bottles of orangeB. bottle of orangeC. bottles of oranges14.The cat eats two _ last nigh
25、t.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse15.I need a pen and some _. A. books B. desk C. chair16 Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number B. Room numberC. Rooms number D. Room numbers17. The newly-built library is a _ building.A. five-storey B. five storeysC
26、. five-storeys D. five storeys18. - Whose umbrella is it?- Its _.A. somebody elses B. Somebody else C. Somebodys elses D. Somebodys else19. I feel terribly hot, Whats the _? A. temperature of room B. Rooms temperature C. Room temperature D. Temperature of rooms20. _ will make a trip around the world
27、 during the coming Christmas.A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Evenses D. The Evenses21.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of _.A. Marys sister B. Mary sistersC. Marys sisters D. sister of Marys22. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and Shelleys C. Julia and Shelley D.
28、 Julias and Shelley23. He is very tired. He needs _.A. a night rest B. a rest night C. a nights rest D. a rest of night24 -Excuse me，where are _ offices?-Over thereA teachers B teachers C the teachers D the teachers25 Today is September 10th. Its_ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A
29、. Teacher B. TeachersC. the Teachers D. Teachers 课时四 现在进行时现在进行时用法：一般结构：肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？对一般疑问句作答，肯定回答：yes,主语+be,否定回答：no,主语+be not对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。Eg
30、：They are working these days. He is buying a bike. They arent working these days. He isnt buying a bike.Are they working these days? Is he buying a bike?What are they doing these days? What is he doing ?现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing Jumpjumping gogoing pushingpushing playplaying 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing.
31、 Taketakeing leaveleaving writewriting havehaving3、.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.Cutcutting putputting stopstopping fitfitting beginbeginning forgetforgetting4.以ie结尾的词，将ie变为y再加ingLielying 练习：尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误有如下几种：自我检测1、 Look! He _their mother do the housewor
32、k.A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.A .Who B .How C.What D.Where3、 Dont talk here. My mother _.A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him. A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes5 、When_h
33、e_back? Sorry, I dont know. A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming6、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.7、 What_he _(mend)?8、 We _(play)games now.9、 What _you_(do) thesse days?10、 _he _(clean) the classroom?11、 Who_(sing)in the next room?12、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(
34、wear)a red sweater today.二、常见方位介词短语（一）、由介词in构成的方位介词短语1、in the front 在前面 2、in the front row 在前排 3、in the back row 在后排 4、in the third row 在第三排 5、in front of. 在.前面（范围之外） 6、in the front of. 在.前部（范围之内） 7、in the middle在中间 8、in the street在街上 9、in the middle of.在中间 10、in the tree在树上（指飞鸟等外来物）（二）、由介词at构成的方位介词
35、短语1、at the front of.在.所在范围的前一部分 2、at the back of.在.所在范围的后一部分3、at the foot of.在.脚下 4、at the top of.在.顶部5、at the end of.在.尽头 6、at the head of.在.前头7、at the（school）gate在（校）门口 8、at the station 在车站9、at No.2 Changan Road在长安路2号 10、at my uncles 在我叔叔家11、at home在家 12、at the doctors在医务室/在诊所（三）、由介词on构成的方位介词短语1、o
36、n the right/left在右（左）边 2、on ones right/left在某人的右（左）边3、on the desk/table在课桌/桌上 4、on the right-hand/left-hand side在右/左手边5、on the blackboard在黑板上 6、on/in the wall在墙上/里7、on the paper在纸上 8、on the tree在树上（指树上长的，结的东西）三、其它介词构成的方位介词短语1、next to靠近/贴近 2、beside the desk在课桌旁 3、behind the door在门后 4、under the bed在床下
37、 5、near the window靠近窗户 6、outside the gate在门外课时五 祈 使 句一、单项选择：1. Please _, theyre having a meeting.A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustnt talk D. no speaking2. _ to meet me at the station. Ill be waiting there.A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Dont forget 3. Its a fine day. Lets go fis
38、hing, _?A. wont we B. will you C. dont we D. shall we4. Dont smoke in the meeting-room, _?A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you5. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I _. A. dont B. wont C. cant D. havent6. If you are tired, _ a rest.A. have B. having C. to have D. had7. _ me
39、 go. It is very important for me.A. Do let B. Let do C. Doing let D. To do let8. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not B. Dont C. To not D. Not to9. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train.A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got10. _ in the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play B. Not to play C. D
40、ont play D. Dont to play11. Please _ me some money, will you?A. lend B. lending C. borrow D. borrowing12. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B. are C. is D. being13. _ down the radio. The babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn14. Lucy, _ the door or som
41、eone will come in. A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing15. _ and play football in the street after lunch.A. Lets not to go B. Lets not go C. Lets dont go D. Not lets go16. A sign with the words“_” is often found in a bus.A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking17. _ Chinese in you English class.A. Not speak B. Dont speak C. Speak not D. Dont speaking18 . _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept19. If you want to stay, let me know, _?A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we2
