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1、中国煤炭行业运行分析及2007走势预测从煤炭需求看，随着国家宏观调控成效的逐步显现，淘汰落后生产能力的步伐不会减缓，主要耗煤行业耗煤指标继续下降。2007年煤炭需求增幅将有所回落2006年，随着宏观调控成效的进一步显现，煤炭投资、生产、运输、需求和实现利润继续保持增长，但增幅明显回落。煤炭市场供需总体平衡，部分地区、部分时段、部分煤种的紧张与过剩并存，价格虽有小幅涨落，但总体稳定。一、2006煤炭经济运行情况1煤炭产量。据国家统计局公报，全国原煤产量23.8亿吨，同比增长8%。据行业调度统计，国有重点煤矿、地方国有煤矿、乡镇煤矿产量分别增长9.8%、5.8%和6.8%。2煤炭运销。经铁路外运煤
2、炭日均装车46971车，同比增加1002车，增长2.2%；铁路运输煤炭11.2亿吨，增加4946万吨，增长4.6%；主要运煤港口发运煤炭4.07亿吨，增加3665万吨，增长9.9%；商品煤销量22.09亿吨，增加1.65亿吨，增长8.1%。3煤炭进出口。据海关统计，全国出口煤炭6329万吨，同比减少744万吨，下降11.7%；进口煤炭3821万吨，增加1779万吨，增长46.6%。4煤炭价格。原中央财政煤炭企业商品煤平均售价301.55元/吨，同比提高1.10元/吨，上升0.4%。其中供发电用煤平均216.18元/吨，提高6.93元/吨，上升3.3%。5、应收账款。年末，规模以上煤炭企业应收账
3、款563.2亿元，比年初增加111.2亿元，上升24.6%。6实现利润。规模以上煤炭企业实现利润677亿元, 同比增长25.3%。其中，国有和国有控股企业实现利润389亿元,同比增长18.5%。7投资。全年完成1479亿元，同比增加316亿元，增长27.2%，增幅回落38.4个百分点。8安全。全国煤矿共发生事故2945起、死亡4746人，同比分别减少361起、1192人，下降10.9%和20.1%。其中瓦斯事故327起、1319人，分别减少87起、852人，下降21%和39.2%。百万吨死亡人数2.04人，下降27.4%。二、2006煤炭经济运行基本特点（一）宏观调控成效显现，煤炭投资和生产增
4、幅回落。近年来，国家加强和改善宏观调控，在控制高耗能产业过快增长、抑制不合理能源需求的同时，坚决关闭非法和不具有安全生产条件的小煤矿，推进煤炭资源整合，清理在建项目，控制超能力生产，较好地抑制了煤炭固定资产投资和生产总量的过快增长。2006年，煤炭固定资产投资增幅同比回落38.4个百分点；煤炭产量增幅继2005年回落7.4个百分点之后再下降1.8个百分点。（二）煤炭库存处于基本合理水平，煤炭价格总体稳定。上年底，全国社会煤炭库存1.44亿吨，比年初增长3.4%。在结构上，煤矿库存4152万吨，增加较多;中转港口和电力、钢铁等主要用户库存基本稳定或有所下降。但总体上仍处于基本合理水平。全年煤炭价
5、格总体平稳，略有上扬。年初签订合同时，长期偏低的电煤合同价格略有上调，冶金、建材、化工行业用煤价格基本稳定。市场交易价格随季节变化正常波动。二季度略有下调，三季度以来又有所上升，全年各种煤炭综合平均售价基本稳定。（三）煤炭供求在各种因素共同作用下实现动态平衡。拉动煤炭需求增长的终端力量依然比较强劲，全年火力发电、钢材、水泥、合成氨产量同比分别增长15.8%、24.5%、19.1%和7%。煤矿产能也快速增长，在20022005年累计新投产4.5亿吨基础上，2006年又新投产2亿吨以上。影响煤炭市场平稳运行的关键因素是运输制约。除大秦和侯月线运力明显增长外，其他线路运力基本稳定。全年铁路煤炭运输增
6、长4.6%，明显低于需求和产能增长，加之安全事故影响等，使煤炭产量未能随产能的快速增长而增长，全年增幅保持在8%。同时，煤炭出口减少、进口增加，使国内供应量同比增加2500万吨以上，也成为在铁路运力不足的情况下影响国内煤炭供求平衡的重要因素。（四）煤炭行业利润增长低于全国平均水平。受煤炭市场供需基本平衡的影响，煤炭价格稳中有落，煤炭行业实现利润虽有增长，但增幅大幅回落，也低于同期全国工业行业平均增幅。全年规模以上煤炭企业实现利润增长25.3%，增幅回落53.5个百分点，比全国规模以上工业企业增幅低5.7个百分点，比电力、冶金、建材等下游耗煤行业增幅分别低18.1、5.3和21.8个百分点。三、
7、存在的主要问题（一）在建规模过大，产能过剩压力增加。煤炭固定资产投资经历5年多的快速增长，建设规模不断扩大，产能迅速增加。统计显示，目前全国在建煤矿项目1563个，总规模6.53亿吨，加上改扩建、技术改造和资源整合等，新增产能约8.3亿吨，已超过煤炭工业“十一五”发展规划确定的建设规模。这些产能的相继建成释放，将加剧产能过剩的压力。2006年煤矿库存一直居高不下，年底比年初上升43.5%，货款拖欠上升24.6%，就是这种趋势的集中表现。（二）政策性增支集中出台，成本面临急剧上升压力。近几年，随着补还安全欠账、提高技术装备水平等，煤炭生产成本增长较快。目前，还有一大批已经出台或正在酝酿出台的政策
8、性增支因素。如，资源税由0.31.2元/吨，提高到2.504.00元/吨；资源补偿费由销售收入的1%提高到36%；煤炭资源价款平均6元吨；提取安全费用2030元/吨；提高入井津贴、建立工伤保险制度、采煤沉陷区治理和棚户区改造、征收未利用采煤沉陷土地使用税、排污费等。按照国务院同意的山西省开展煤炭工业可持续发展试点政策，还将建立矿山环境治理恢复保证金、煤矿转产发展基金和煤炭可持续发展基金等。上述政策全部实施，将增加成本5090元/吨。从促进可持续发展看，这些政策都是必要的，但过于集中实施，将导致煤炭成本急剧上升。如果不能形成上下游产品的价格传导，全部由煤矿负担，将对煤炭经济运行带来严重影响。（三
9、）煤炭生产进一步向晋陕蒙地区集中带来的一些问题。我国煤炭资源与区域经济发展呈逆向分布。受此影响，近年来煤炭开发布局进一步向晋、陕、蒙等地区集中。这使原本就脆弱的生态环境，面临着更大的压力。与此同时，也进一步增加了这些地区的煤炭外运压力。尽管近几年铁路、交通部门不断提高该地区煤炭外运能力，但依然不能满足运输需求，成为影响煤炭市场的重要因素之一。四、2007煤炭经济运行形势预测（一）煤炭供需形势。从煤炭需求看，随着国家宏观调控成效的逐步显现，淘汰落后生产能力的步伐不会减缓，主要耗煤行业耗煤指标继续下降。预计2007年煤炭需求增幅将有所回落。从煤炭产能看，根据在建煤矿规模和建设周期，2007年、20
10、08年将是新增产能集中释放期，新投产能力将增加较多。从煤炭运输看，大秦线、侯月线经过改造，2007年煤炭运输能力还将增长，但其他线路运输已经饱和。华中等铁路直达运输地区运力继续紧张。总的看，铁路运力制约仍将是影响煤炭供需平衡的重要因素，以运定产的格局不会有明显改变。预计2007年煤炭供需仍将保持总体平衡、总量略显宽松的态势，但局部地区、部分煤种、个别时段煤炭供给过剩和紧张的现象将同时存在。从煤种看，优质动力煤以及强粘结性炼焦精煤供给偏紧，低质煤炭供大于求。从时段看，迎峰度夏和冬季取暖期间局部地区仍可能出现供应偏紧的问题。（二）煤炭价格走势。2007年，煤炭价格总体上仍将保持适度上扬趋势。这既有
11、一定的必然性，也有其合理性。主要是，随着国家推进煤炭市场化改革，鼓励供需双方根据市场供求关系自主协商定价，原来长期偏低的优质电煤重点合同价格，必然按照供求关系和稀缺程度向市场价格靠拢。同时，近两年来国家集中调整煤炭产业政策，政策性增支因素较多，煤炭生产成本大幅上升，也必然推动煤炭价格上扬。我国煤炭资源利用效率和能源转化效率低，如目前火电发电煤耗较世界先进水平高出20%左右。适度提高煤炭价格，有利于促进用煤行业结构调整与节能技术进步，有利于实现“十一五”节能减排目标Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and phot
12、ographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds fi
13、rst satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroke
14、n. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space cap
15、sule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet
16、 Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for m
17、e because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop
18、 me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia alm
19、ost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The s
20、upersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the
21、 lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he cr
22、osses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto someth
23、ing resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the
24、shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him
25、completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to d
26、eploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pas
27、s out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggle
28、s the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Tw
29、itter: jnjonesjr 待添加的隐藏文字内容2(CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shutt
30、le take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Iv
31、e still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the e
32、dge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons posit
33、ioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the fee
34、ling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that
35、 would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of t
36、he current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Startin
37、g at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than
38、 the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly dr
39、ift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that
40、 he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph
41、 (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed
42、to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute tha
43、t will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon,
44、 but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
