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1、Module 4Sandstorms in Asia Teaching Aims1. Get Ss to review the violence of nature and know about sandstorms and how to protect the environment.2.Through discussion and comprehension of Reading, develop Ss listening, speaking, reading and writing.3. Encourage Ss to search the knowledge of sandstorms
2、 and environmental protection on the Internet.4. Improve the Ss ability to read for specific facts.5. To grasp the usage of infinitive, pay more attention to the usage of but + infinitive.Difficulties and Importance1. Conclude and collect the words and phrases related to environment and environmenta
3、l protection.2. Ask Ss to think ways to protect the environment.3. Improve the Ss ability of grasping the general idea of the passage. Teaching Method1. Task-based methodology 2. Communicative ApproachTeaching TimeFive periods:Period 1 Vocabulary and Writing, Speaking 1Period 2 Reading and Vocabular
4、yPeriod 3 Grammar 1 Infinitive. Listening and VocabularyPeriod 4 Grammar 2 but + infinitive, Everyday English Period 5 Cultural corner, Speaking 2, WritingTeaching ProceduresPeriod OneStep 1 Warming up1. Talk about the topic of this module as an introduction. Show or read the following passage to st
5、udents.About SandstormThe topic of this module is “environmental conservation”(环境保护). This module mainly introduces something about the sandstorms in Asia, especially in China. At the same time, it brings in some words aboutsandstorms and environmental conservation.What is a sandstorm? A sandstorm,
6、a kind of disastrous(灾难性的) weather system, is a combination of sand and strong wind.What on earth causes sandstorms? In my opinion, severe sandstorms are usually caused by both natural and contrived(人为的) factors, that is, climatic, geographical, social and human factors. Of all the factors, the over
7、use of natural resources, such as cutting down too many trees and opening up too much untouched land, leads to the frequent occurrence of sandstorms.Where does a sandstorm usually go? As mentioned above, disastrous as it is, a sandstorm does not go everywhere, coming to only those places with dry we
8、ather and little vegetation(植物的总称, 植被). Take China for example, in the northwest of China, where there is little forest, sandstorms are worsened with(因为而恶化) peoples activities like digging up grass and mining(采矿). Bare land easily gives away its land when strong winds come, interaction of sand and w
9、ind forming a sandstorm.And what damage will sandstorms usually cause? In a word, a lot of damage. Sandstorms can kill people and animals, put down buildings and cause poor harvests. Whats more, they can pollute the atmosphere and blow away top soil.2. Discussion: As senior students, what should you
10、 do to prevent sandstorms?Here are some valuable suggestions:1) Control air and water pollution; 2) Build green fences along the desert;3) Forecast sandstorms real time to prevent the disaster;4) All countries should join hands to propose a plan in sandstorm control and prevention.What can you add t
11、o these suggestions? Students can discuss and add more to the above suggestions.3. Complete the sentences using the correct form of these words. Then answer the following questions. blow bury frightening last sandstormThere has been a sandstorm. It has been blowing / has lasted for ten hours and was
12、 very frightening . The wind was blowing the sand high aroundthe houses, and some cars were almost completely buried by the sand.Q1. What is a sandstorm?Sandstorm is a kind of bad weather, which is becoming increasingly common in Northwestern China, and it usually happens in spring and fall. When a
13、sandstorm comes, the wind blows strongly with dust and sand.Q2. Whats the weather like when a sandstorm occurs? There is strong, dry wind and the sky is yellow.Q3. Whats the bad influence of a sandstorm? cars slow down and have to turn on headlight(打开前灯)；the visibility(能见度) drops；difficult for us to
14、 breathe；dangerous to go out or driveStep 2 Further understandingWork in pairs. Discuss the following statements and decide whether it is true or false.1. Sandstorms begin in desert areas.2. Deserts are created by climate changes.3. Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up g
15、rass.4. Sandstorms from Asia have blown across the Pacific Ocean to America.5. Sandstorms cant be prevented.6. The inland region has more sandstorms than the one near the sea.Suggested answers: 1,2,3,4,6T 5FStep 3 DiscussionsQ1. Whats the cause of sandstorm?climate changes; trees cut down; desertifi
16、cation; serious air and water pollution; the growing population of the world and so on.Q2. What should you do in a sandstorm to protect yourself? This is an open question.Step 4 SpeakingWork in pairs. Suppose there has been a bad sandstorm in your city.A: You are a reporter. You interview a man who
17、has cycled to work in the sandstorm. Before you do the interview, write down the questions you want to ask.B: You felt frightened but you put on a mask and cycled to work in the sandstorm. Tell the reporter how you feel about the sandstorm. Describe how things looked in the sandstorm.Step 5 Homework
18、1. Memorize the new words related to sandstorms. 2. Preview the passage of Sandstorms in Asia.Period TwoStep 1 Revision and lead-inThe teacher can lead students into the topic of the text by talking about the weather as follows:T: Whats the weather like today? S: Its sunny(or: rainy/windy. . . )T: I
19、s the weather nice or bad? S: Very nice. Or not bad. Or terrible.T: Yes, very nice. But the weather is not always nice, sometimes there is a lot of bad or even terrible weather. We can call the bad or even terrible weather “natural disaster”. Do you know “disaster”?S: Yes, we do. It means “灾害”in Chi
20、nese.T: Good, can you speak out the names of some disastrous weather in the last module?S: Yes, such as floods, hurricanes, lightning and tornados.T: Oh, its wonderful! And in this moduleModule 4, well continue to learn about another disastrous weather named sandstorms. Lets go!Step 2 Pre-reading1.
21、Word meaning: Activity 2 (Match the words with the definitions).Read out the words in the box and have students repeat them after the teacher. Then ask students to match the definitions individually, after that, check the answers with the whole class.Keys: 1. cycle2. expert3. process4. citizen5. dus
22、t6. survive7. forecast8. situation2. Look at the photo in the reading text first and answer the following questions. Activity 11. Get Ss to come up with as many words as possible while looking at the picture.mask cycle cyclist dust citizen frightening sandstorm2. What is happening? There is a sandst
23、orm blowing.3. What is the cyclist wearing and why?She is wearing hoods(头巾), masks and glasses.4. What do you think happened to traffic in this situation? Why?The traffic moves slowly for its not clear to see everything on the roadand people must take great care.5. What do you think experts advise p
24、eople to do in this situation?Experts advise people to stay at home in this situation.3. Pre-reading discussion If you are to write the article named “Sandstorms in Asia”, how many parts will you include in it? What will you write in each part? Or: Have you ever been in a sandstorm? /Have you ever e
25、xperienced a sandstorm? If yes, describe it to us. If not, please imagine what it will be like.Step 3 Fast readingOption1 (for common Ss): Read the text quickly and try to find out the answers to the following questions.1) Whats a sandstorm? Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.2) Where
26、in the world are the main four sandstorm places/areas? And how about in China?Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia, Northwest China.3) Whats the weather experts advice when a sandstorm comes?They advise us not to go out. If we have to, wed better wear a mask.Option2 (for better
27、Ss): Find the main points of each paragraph.Ask Ss to read the passage as quickly as they can, and try to get the main idea of each paragraph.Part 1(Para1) disaster Sandstorms have been a major disaster for centuries.Part 2(Para2-5) description Sandstorms in Asia. cause Sandstorms in China appear to
28、 have increased as a result of desertification.Sandstorm influence Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. suggestions Sandstorms do a lot of damage to people.Part 3(Para.6) measures The government plants trees to prevent sandstorms.Step 4 Detailed reading1. Read the passage carefully and answer the fo
29、llowing question.1) What are sandstorms? Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.2) In what places do they often happen? Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia.3) What does Ren Jianbos example tell us? It is dangerous to go out when a sandstorm occurs4) Are there sandstor
30、ms in China? Where? Yes. Northwest China.5) Have sandstorms in China increased or decreased recently? Why? Increased. As a result of desertification6) Why does traffic move slowly during the sandstorm? Because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.7) What does the government do to protect Beijing
31、 from sandstorms? Plant more trees.2. Read the passage carefully and then fill in the chart with suitable words.PartsContentDetails1major disasterA mass campaign, to help solve sandstorm, tried many ways to solve it2descriptionStrong wind, dry, carry sand, So thick, cant see the suncauseDesertificat
32、ion, Climate changes, cut down trees, dig up grassinfluenceOrange sky, strong windssuggestionStay at home, wear a mask3measuresPlant trees3. Finish the Activities 3-5.Step 5 Language explanations1Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass. 砍树挖草也是沙漠的一个成因。cut down: 1) to b
33、ring down by cutting 通过砍伐使减少Cutting down so many trees without planting some will make the environment worse.砍伐掉这么多树木而不种植补充会使环境变得更坏。2) to reduce in amount 减少The doctors have advised cutting down smoking and drinking. 医生建议少抽烟, 少喝酒。3) to knock down or kill sb. 击倒或杀死某人The robber cut down the person and
34、 ran away in a taxi. 抢劫犯把那个人杀了然后乘出租车跑了。cut across抄近路 cut at对准(某人)猛击 cut back剪枝 cut up剪成碎片 cut off切断 cut out剪除He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world.A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through根据短语意思, 此处指他住院六个月, 感觉好像跟外界切断了联系。cut through指“抄近路走过; 刺穿”。2If you
35、are in a desert, what is the first sign of a sandstorm?如果你在沙漠里, 沙尘暴的第一个迹象是什么？sign： n. & v.1) n. “标志牌”“符号”“动作”“手势”。Havent you seen the sign “No parking”? 你没有看到牌子上写着“不许停车”吗？Shaking heads is a sign of disagreement. 摇头是表示不同意的动作。2) n. “迹象”“征兆”“痕迹”。Very often dark clouds are a sign of rain. 乌云常常是下雨的征兆。Sci
36、entists have found no signs of life on Mars so far. 迄今为止科学家们还未在火星上发现生命迹象。3) vt. “签名”“签约”。He signed his name on the book. 他在那本书上签上了他的名字。 签约在新剧中出影。Liu Dehua has signed with the television station to act in the new movie. 刘德华已经和那家电视台4) vt. “示意”“作手势”。 He signed me to be quiet. 他示意要我安静。The policeman sign
37、ed for them to stop. 警察做手势要他们停下来。sign in 签到 sign out签名离去3mass： adj. 大规模的。 a mass campaign 一场大规模的战役n. 团,块,堆。 a mass of clouds /hot aira mass of = masses of 许多,大量。 the masses 群众4be caught in： 被困于；遇到He was late for work yesterday afternoon because he was caught in the traffic jam.Charles Chaplin was on
38、ce caught in a snowstorm for several days.5appear： v. 1) 出现, 出版, 发行。His book will appear in the bookshop next week.A smile appeared on his face when he heard the good news.2) 看起来,似乎。 系动词。 She appeared very tired. She appears to want to leave.6prevent somebody (from) doing = stop somebody (from) doin
39、g: 阻止；制止。= keep somebody from doing 阻止某人做某事。= protect sb. from. 保护免遭的违害。注： (1) keep sb. from doing中from不可省，因keep sb. doing意为：让某人一直做某事。其他两个中可省。Im sorry to keep you waiting so long. 很抱歉让你等了这么久。We must keep him from complaining all day. 我们不能让他整天抱怨了。(2)在被动句中from 均不能省略。 We were stopped/prevented/kept fro
40、m going out by the heavy rain.(3) protect. . from .中from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起避风。Step 6 DiscussionQ1. Sandstorms bring us not only “sand” but also-? (traffic / health / travel / environment)Q2. As a senior student, what should we do to prevent
41、sandstorms?Step 7 Homework1. Write a summary of the whole passage. 2. Finish the exercises 10,11 on page 88.Period ThreeStep 1 PresentationIn this period we are going to talk about the infinitive.Activity 1 Look at the examples a-f. Ask Ss to sum up the different types of infinitive.Write the follow
42、ing on the blackboard. Give students several minutes to fill in the form.形式时间概念语态to do/do与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后主动to be doing与谓语动词同时发生, 动作在进行主动to have done发生在谓语动词之前主动to be done与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后被动to have been done发生在谓语动词之前被动Step 2 ExplanationsI、 动词不定式的时态和语态形式： 时 态主 动被 动 一般式 to doto be done进行式 to be doi
43、ng完成式 to have done to have been done1. 动词不定式的一般式：表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于主动词之后。 He seems to understand what I said. I hope to visit Paris again. I am glad to see you here. 很高兴在这儿见到你。She decided not to accept his present. 她决定不接受他的礼物。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness of life. 有所爱而且也被人爱是人生一
44、大幸福。2. 动词不定式的进行式：表示与主动词同时发生且动作正在进行。 The two cheats pretended to be working hard. It is wrong to be always thinking of yourself. 老是考虑你自己是错误的。 有的是时间。You dont need to be working in such a big hurry, for theres plenty of time. 你现在不必这样匆匆忙忙地干,The students pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully
45、. 学生们假装在专心听老师讲课。3. 动词不定式的完成式：表示不定式动作发生于主动词之前。 She seems to have seen this film. He happened to have gone out when I went to see him Im sorry to have troubled you so much. 对不起, 给你添了这么多麻烦。He is said to have been living here for twenty years. 据说他已经在这儿住了20年时间了。It is a great honor to have been invited to
46、 visit this country. 应邀来这个国家访问我感到很荣幸。I feel it an honor to have been given a chance to study here. 有机会来这里学习我感到非常荣幸。4. 动词不定式的被动式：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution. I want to have been told the news earlier. 、动词不定式的句法功能 不定式的句法功能是做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、主补、定语、目的状语和结果状语，如： 1. To master a foreign language is necessary for a college student. (主语) 2. Your job is to wash dishes.（表语） The first thing to do is to clean the room. 3.
