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1、2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero语法知能精解定语从句()1.“介词关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构(1)“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以是 in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that。(2)from where为“介词关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。We stood at the top of the hill,from where
2、we can see the whole town.我们站在山顶,在那里我们可以看到整个城镇。(3)像listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the boy whom she has taken care of.这是她照顾的那个男孩。2.关系副词引导的定语从句(1)关系副词也可以引导定语从句。关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。(2)that可引导定语从句表示时间
3、、地点或原因。that有时可以代替关系副词 when,where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句(1)二者差异比较限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以用that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。(2)关系代词和关系副词的选择依据弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语、宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。(3)先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后
4、,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。He was the only person in this country who was invited.他是这个国家唯一被邀请的人。4.as在定语从句中的用法(1)引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句as多与such 或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。The elephants nose is like a snake,as anybody can see.像每个人看到的那样,大象的鼻子像条蛇。the same.that与 the
5、same.as在意思上是不同的。(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面、中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。As is expected,the England team won the football match.正如所期望的那样,英国队赢了足球比赛。The earth runs around the sun,as is known by everyone.正如每个人所熟知的那样,地球围绕太阳转。【十年高考链接】(1)(2013新课标全国高考)When I arrived,Bryan
6、 took me to see the house I would be staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which答案:C 题干的意思是:“我到达后,布赖恩带我去看了我要住的房子。”分析题干可知后文为限制性定语从句,关系词代替先行词house在定语从句中作地点状语,因此应选择关系副词where。解答该类题目的关键在于分析关系词代替先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。(2)(2013北京高考)Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.A.whe
7、nB.whichC.whoseD.where答案:D 题干的意思是:眼下,许多国家正在建立一些国家公园,动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知,此处是考查定语从句的引导词,先行词为 national parks,定语从句中缺少地点状语,要用where来引导,相当于in which。关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语;which在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whose只作定语,三者均不符合语境,故正确答案为D项。解答这类题目首先要找准先行词,然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项。(3)(2013四川高考) Nowadays people are more concerned about th
8、e environment they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where答案:D 题干的意思是:现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。分析句子结构可知,题中缺少定语从句的引导词,并且引导词要在从句中作地点状语,所以项符合题意。而what不能引导定语从句;which可以引导定语从句,但是在从句中作主语或宾语; when也可以引导定语从句,但是在从句中作时间状语。(4)(2013江西高考) He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how答案:C
9、 句意为“他写了一封信,在信中,他解释了这起事故中发生的事情”。定语从句中有主语和宾语,先行词在从句中作地点状语,where相当于in which。(5)(2013浙江高考) The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why答案:B 题干的意思是:“博物馆将在春季开放,届时将有一个展览,还有一个观光平台,在这里参观者可以看到许多在建的大玻璃暖
10、房。”分析句子结构可知, visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built 为定语从句,a viewing platform为定语从句的先行词,从句缺少地点状语,要用where引导,所以正确答案为B项。(6)(2013陕西高考) is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As答案:D 题干的意思是:“正如其他孩子的情况一样,医生到达时,埃米好多了。”该句中as引导非限制性定语从句,用来代替后面整
11、个主句的内容。该题容易误选it,如果选it,题干就是两句话,而中间没有连词且用了逗号,所以it不可选。(7)(2013江苏高考) The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when答案:B 句意:“世界银行行长说,他热爱中国,这种热爱他记得早在童年时就开始了。”通过分析句子结构可知,The president of the World Bank says he has
12、a passion for China为主句,通过还原法可知定语从句是he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood,从句中his passion starting为动名词复合结构。his passion用which替代。when和where虽然可以引导定语从句,但是它们在定语从句中是分别用来作时间状语和地点状语的,不能指代passion;what不能用来引导定语从句,故排除。(8)(2012浙江高考)We live in an age more information is available wit
13、h greater ease than ever before.A.whyB.whenC.to whomD.on which答案:B 题干的意思是:“在我们生活的这个时代,有更多的信息可以比以往任何时候都更加容易获得。”该句为主从复合句,an age为先行词,空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语,故用when。(9)(2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where答案:D 题干的意思是: “导购
14、员是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样重要的职位。”分析句子结构可知a position后是一个定语从句,而该从句的引导词在从句中作地点状语,即in which=in the position=where,故选D。在定语从句中,当position,point,case,stage,situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,若定语从句中缺少状语,则用where来引导定语从句。(10)(2011上海高考)Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family.A.whichB.where
15、C.whenD.as答案:A 本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。句意:你会发现出租车等候在公共汽车站,你可以搭乘出租车到达你寄宿的家庭。分析定语从句可知缺少宾语,故只能选择连接代词which,故答案为A。(11)(2011安徽高考) Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while答案:C 本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:一切剩下的东西可以放进冰箱,在那里可以保存两到三个星期。where代替in the ref
16、rigerator,在从句中作状语。(12)(2011新课标全国高考)The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what答案:C 本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。空格处在定语从句中作story的定语,因此用 whose。(13)(2010江西高考)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister she would stay for an hour.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.what答案:A 先行词为centre,she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语,故要填状语,表地点用where。