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1、专题五 动词和动词短语一、动词的分类根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类：1.行为动词（实义动词）及物动词 （带宾语）：study, develop;不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong动作动词 延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）2.系动词表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow表示某种状
2、态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）：be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)二、动词及动词短语 易混动词归纳对比 1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和
3、raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in
4、 the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。6、bear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。7、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表
5、示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.8、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。9、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有
6、另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。10、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。11、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 12、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。13、answ
7、er与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。14、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。15、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on
8、stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.16、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.17、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但
9、用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.18、begin与startbegin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。19、allow 与pe
10、rmitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.20、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.21、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作
11、不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said 。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The
12、 father always speaks well of his son.。22、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 23、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足
13、人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。1.-Itsagoodidea.Butwhosgoingto_theplan? -IthinkTomandGregwill. A.setaside B.carryout C.takein D.getthrough 2.HappilyforJohnsmoth
14、er,heisworkingharderto_hislosttime. A.makeupfor B.keepupwith C.catchupwith D.makeuseof 3.Ifyouhad_yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitin,youwouldhavemadefewermistakes. A.lookedup B.thoughtabout C.goneover D.goneround 4.Wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Icant_you. A.keepupwith B.putupwith C.makeupto D.hol
15、donto 5.Youdbetter_somemoneyforspecialuse. A.pickup B.giveaway C.putoff D.setaside 6.Inorderto_withtheadvancedcountries,wemustkeeplearning. A.getalong B.putup C.catchup D.goon 7.Wedidntplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit_verywell. A.workedout B.triedout C.wenton D.carriedon 8.Implanningtoholdapartyint
16、heopenair,butIcanmakenoguaranteesbecauseit_theweather. A.linkswith B.dependson C.connectsto D.decideson 9.-Smokingisbadforyourhealth. -Yes,Iknow.ButIsimplycant_. A.giveitup B.giveitin C.giveitout D.giveitaway 10.Ifyou_anyproblemswhenyouarriveattheairport,givemearing A.comeupwith B.setabout C.runinto
17、 D.putaside 11.Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwevedecidedto_it.Itmightbevaluable. A.holdonto B.keepupwith C.turnto D.lookafter 12.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischaracterto_fromhomeandearnsomemoneyonhisown. A.runaway B.takeaway C.keepaway D.getaway 13.Canyoumakeasentenceto_themeaningof
18、thephrase? A.showoff B.turnout C.bringout D.takein 14.Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountries_withnoagreementreached. A.havebrokendown B.havebrokenoutC.havebrokenin D.havebrokenup 15.Dontmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmay_theshockingending. A.giveaway B.giveout C.giveup D.giveoff 16.
19、TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto_. A.makeitout B.makeitoff C.makeitup D.makeitover 17.He_someFrenchwhilehewasawayonabusinesstripinParis. A.madeout B.pickedup C.gaveup D.tookin 18.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweather_thehelplessnessofthecrewatsea. A.addedto B.resulte
20、dfrom C.turnedout D.madeup 19.Weregoingto_withsomefriendsforapicnic.Wouldyouliketojoinus? A.getin B.getover C.getalong D.gettogether 20.Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.Hefeltasifhewas_fromtheoutsideworld. A.cutout B.cutup C.cutoff D.cutthrough 21.Itwasfoolishofhimto_hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andas
21、aresult,hegotpunished. A.stickto B.referto C.keepto D.pointto 22.Thesportsmeetwillbe_nextweekbecauseofthebadweather. A.putoff B.putaway C.putup D.putdown 23._thisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit. A.Lookthrough B.Lookon C.Lookinto D.Lookup 24.Afterallthestudentshadtakentheirseats,theteacher_theexaminati
22、onpaper. A.handedin B.handedon C.handedout D.handedover 25.Ireallydontwanttogototheparty,butIdontseehowIcanit. A.getbackfrom B.getoff C.getaway D.getoutof 26.Readerscan_quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword. A.getover B.getin C.getalong D.getthrough 27.Icanhardlyheartheradio.Wouldyoupleas
23、e_? A.turniton B.turnitdown C.turnitup D.turnitoff 28.Itiswisetohavesomemoney foroldage. A.putaway B.keptup C.givenaway D.laidup 29.Weareallgoingtothegames.Whydontyoucome_? A.up B.across C.along D.to 30.She_hisnumberinthephonebooktomakesurethatshehadgotitright. A.lookedup B.lookedfor C.pickedout D.p
24、ickedup 31.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_. A.beputup B.givein C.beturnedon D.goout 32.TheInternethasbrought_bigchangesinthewaywework. A.about B.out C.back D.up 33.Idont_rocknroll.Itsmuchtoonoisyformytaste. A.goafter B.goawaywith C.gointo D.goinfor 34.Itwasnotaseriou
25、sillness,andshesoon_it. A.gotover B.gotonwith C.gotround D.gotoutof 35.Theforestguardsoftenfindcampfiresthathavenotbeen_completely. A.turneddownB.putout C.putaway D.turnedover 36.Insomewesterncountries,demandforgraduatesfromMBAcourseshas_. A.turneddownB.turnedover C.fallendown D.fallenover 37.Youcan
26、takeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease_thebookswhenyouvefinishedwiththem. A.puton B.putdown C.putback D.putoff 38.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidntquite_asplannedA.makeout B.turnout C.goon D.comeup 39.Itiscertainthathewill_hisbusinesstohissonwhenhegetsold.A.takeover B.thinkover C.handover D.
27、goover 40.Heaccidentally_hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadntbeenhomeforacoupleofweek. A.letout B.tookcare C.madesure D.madeout 41.Wehaveto_thewheatassoonaspossiblebecauseastormisontheway. A.getaway B.getacross C.getthroughD.getin 42.Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould_it. A.directto B.stickto
28、 C.leadto D.referto 43.Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople_insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem. A.threwaway B.putaway C.gaveaway D.carriedaway 44.Itstenyearssincethescientist_onhislifesworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical. A.madefor B.tookoff C.setout D.turnedup 45.Tokeephealthy,ProfessorJoh
29、nson_cyclingasregularformofexerciseafterheretired. A.tookup B.caughton C.carriedon D.madefor 46.Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool_mostofherday. A.savesup B.makesup C.takesup D.putsup 47.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.Itstimeforusto_ourstudies. A.getdowntoB.getout C.getbackfor D.get
30、over 48.Afteralongwayshewastiredandherlegs_. A.gavein B.gaveout C.gaveup D.gaveaway 49.Failureisthemotherofsuccess._yourcourage. A.Keepup B.Keepoff C.Keepon D.Keepaway 50.Thepictureofthepark_memoriesofourclasstriplastyear. A.tookup B.cameup C.turnedup D.calledup 51.IfMarycarriesonworkinglikethis,she
31、ll_soonerorlater. A.holdon B.giveout C.getdown D.breakdown 52.Ill_thematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittlepatience. A.lookinto B.lookafter C.lookthroughD.lookabout 53.Ican_somenoisewhileImstudying,butIcantstandloudnoise.A.keepupwithB.getalongwith C.catchupwithD.putupwith 54.Mycousindoesntknowwhatto
32、_attheuniversity;hecantmakeuphismindabouthisfuture. A.takeon B.takeaway C.takeup D.takeafter 55.Peopleinthefar-awaymountainvillagecannot_thisprogram. A.takedown B.pickup C.putaway D.getalong 56.Thankyou,butIllhaveto_youroffer. A.turnaway B.turndown C.turnback D.turnoff 57.RestaurantsineverycornerofC
33、hengdunotonlyprovidejobopportunitiesbut_lotsoftaxesaswell. A.bringalongB.bringabout C.resultin D.resultfrom 58.Thecontinuousrain_theharvestingofthewheatbytwoweeks. A.setback B.setoff C.setout D.setaside 59.Itwasabadideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit_aswellaswehadhoped. A.cameoff B.madeout
34、 C.broughtout D.wentoff 60.Undergoodtreatment,Lindaisbeginningto_andwillsoonrecover.A.turnup B.pickout C.pickup D.showup 61.Isimplycouldntunderstandhowit_thatyoudidsomuchworkinsuchashorttime. A.cameup B.camealong C.cameback D.cameabout 62.IkeptaskingMr.Smithtostayforlunchandhefinally_. A.gaveup B.ga
35、veout C.gavein D.gaveaway 63.Difficultiesandhardshipshave_thebestcharacteroftheyounggeologist. A.broughtin B.broughtup C.broughtout D.broughtabout 64.Withoutproperlessons,youcould_alotofbadhabitswhenplayingthepiano. A.keepup B.pickup C.drawup D.catchup 65.Peter_alittlemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyac
36、arofhisowninthenearfuture.A.setsaside B.setsabout C.setsoff D.setsout 66.-Areyoureadytoleave? -Almost.IllbereadytoleavejustassoonasI_mywork. A.getthrough B.giveup C.carryout D.setabout 67.-HowisDennisgettingalongwithhiswork? -Well,hecanalways_anewideaforincreasingsales. A.comeabout B.comeupwith C.ge
37、twaywithD.getup 68.Allthechildrenontheplaygroundstaredupintotheskyuntilthenoiseoftheplane_. A.gaveup B.wentout C.diedaway D.tookoff 69.Dobecarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.Ifnotyoumayget_byapassingcar. A.runover B.runinto C.runout D.runacross 70.Itriedtoworkon,butIgotsotiredthatIcouldnolonger_. A.keepout B.comedown C.comeup D.holdout 71.Johnhasputonsomuchweightrecentlythathismotherhasto_allhistrouserstohismeasure. A.makeup B.giveaway C.bringin D.letout 72.Thehot
