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1、八年级英语上册笔记always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时), hardlyever(几乎不), never(从不)频率副词 助动词、be动词、情态动词后，行为动词前hardly, never为否定副词，句中不需再加no或not提问常用how often均可用现在时、过去时，且always, never还用于将来时The woman is very busy, so she seldom(难得，很少) watches TV.Unit 1 How often do you exercisehard 困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的(形容
2、词) The ground is too hard to dig. 努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地(副词) They tried hard to succeed.hardly =almost not 几乎不，几乎没有 Theres hardly any coffee left. =Theres almost no coffee left.sometimes 有时(现在、过去) He was sometimes late for school.sometime 某时(将来、过去) He came here sometimesome time 一段时间(各种时态) He will stay there f
3、or some time.some times 几次，几倍 He came home some times.ever 曾经(完成时态) Have you ever been there? 习惯动作或重复动作(疑问或否定句) Do you ever eat meat?You are hardly ever at home. 比以往任何时候，曾经(比较时加强语气) He ran faster than ever. 用于why,when等词后，表惊讶”究竟，到底” When ever did you leave?for ever 永远hardly ever 几乎从来不，难得never ever 从不
4、，永不once a week 一周一次twice a week 一周两次three times a week一周三次前面中间均不用介词once upon a time 从前at once 立刻，马上on/at weekends 周末on the/this/that weekends (在双方都知道的特定周末)go to the movies= see a moive =go to the cinema=watch a movie去看电影go to the theater去看戏go to the concert去听音乐会go to school/college上(大)学go to church做
5、礼拜look (有意识地看，强调动作)看(不及物,接宾语+at) Please look at my family photo.see (着重看的结果)看见 see the doctor, see a filmwatch (仔细、欣赏)观看,(仔细)查看 watch a play/match/showread 看书，读报，读(钟表) read a book/newspaper/watchexercise 运动，锻炼(不及物动词) He exercises three times a week. 运动，锻炼(不可数名词) You should take exercise(=do sports)
6、if want to healthy. 练习；操(可数名词) Students always have a lot of exercises to do. do eye exercises做眼保健操do morning exercises作早操surf 在冲浪(及物动词)；冲浪(不及物动词) I like to surf the waves. Look, the boy is surfing.surf the internet =go online 上网go surfing去冲浪how long多久/多长 (for/about +一段时间meters long)how often多久一次 (o
7、ften, twice a week)how soon 多快/过多久 (in+一段时间)how far 多远 (ten minutes walk)how many 多少 (数词+可数名词复数)how much 多少(钱) (数词+量词+不可数名词/数词+钱)go shopping去购物go skating去滑冰go fishing去钓鱼go boating去划船go sightseeing去观光do some reading阅读do some washing洗涮do some cooking做饭do some swimming游泳do some speaking说话do some listen
8、ing多听not 不 (副词，后接动词、形容词、副词) no 不,没有(形容词，作定语，后接可数名词、不可数名词) (=not a/an/any) I have no friends No one can do it. 不许，不可(省略句中) No smoking！禁止吸烟No photos !禁止拍照Here are倒装句式 主语为代词，全句半倒装结构 Here you are给你Here he comes他来了主语为名词，全句全倒装结构 Here are your books.Here comes the bus.result 结果，成绩(可数名词) get good results取得好
9、成绩listen to the results听结果the results of 结果as for 至于，就而言 As for English, I like it very much. We all come, but as for him, he didnt come.about 大约 She is about twenty years old. 在周围 I lost my pen about the classroom. 关于，对于 They are talking about a TV play.注意on“关于”，用于表示严肃或学术性场合，供专门研究用 a speech on Afri
10、ca history most 多数的，大部分的 Most people think so. 最大的，最多的 Who got the most help? 大多数，大部分，大多数人(代词) most of the +复数名词 Most of the students like travelling.most of +物主代词+名词 He spends most of his time travelling.most of +宾格代词 Most of us like travelling. 非常，很(副词)=very Its a most interesting book.一般现在时经常发生频率
11、副词always,usually,often,sometimes,every day, every week等客观真理心理状态和感觉动词无进行时be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,feel,believe,guess,think,look,see,hear,find,have,sound,taste等drink 喝(tea,water,milk,cola,beer,wine液体类) eat 吃(fruit,vegetables,rice,fish,meet固体类) eat/have soup
12、喝汤 take medicine喝药have 吃，喝(三餐breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner) want sth 想要什么want to do sth想要做什么=feel like doing=would like to do sthwant sb to do sth 想要某人做某事注意want侧重主观，need侧重客观需要 sth want/need doing 主动表被动The flowers want /need watering.=The flowers want/need to be watered.be good for 对有益 be good to 对好
13、be good at 擅自 be good with 和相处得好 It is a good habit to do sth 做什么是一个好习惯fall/get into the habit of 沾染习惯form the habit of 养成习惯out of habit出于习惯health 健康(n) The old man is in good health. keep in good healthhealthy 健康的(adj) My grandma is very healthy. keep healthy stay healthypretty 很，相当(adv) The man is
14、 pretty old. The book is pretty expensive.pretty 漂亮的，秀丽的(adj) What a pretty girl!eating habits饮食习惯sleeping pill安眠药drinking water饮用水try (not) to do sth 努力(不)做某事 I try to answer the question.try doing sth 尝试做某事 He tried swimming across the river.try out 试验 Can I try out your new bicycle?try on 试穿 The
15、dress is very nice. Can I try it on?try ones best to do sth 尽最大努力去做某事 We should try our best to study English well.have a try 尝试一下 help sb to do sth help sb do sth help sb with sth with ones help =with the help of help oneself to 请随便吃些 cant help doing sth 禁不住，情不自禁look after照看 look at =have a look at
16、 look over检查 look up (在字典中)查找 look forward to 期待，盼望 look around/about环顾 too 肯定句，句中前后用逗，句末前用逗号 He has a knife. I have a knife,too.also 肯定句，实义动词前，系助动词后 Sandy was also at the party.either 否定句，句末前用逗号 He wont go, either.Saying a thing is very different from doing it. Whats the difference between the two
17、words? kind of 稍微，有点儿 Im kind of tired我有点累a kind of 一种all kinds of 各种各样的different/many kinds of 不同种/许多种类Its very kind of you to do thatmaybe 大概，或许(副词)=perhaps Maybe you are right.may be (情态动词+be) You may be right.although虽然，尽管(从属连词)=though不能与but(并列连词)同时使用，但可与still,yet同时连用 Although he is old, he is s
18、till healthy.=He is old, but he is still healthy.注意：because与so不能连用。Because A句，B句=A句，so B句keep doing sth 持续做某事(不间断) keep on doing sth反复做某事(短暂间断) keep sb/sth +adj. 使某人保持某种状态 keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止，保护不受(from) keep up with赶上keep a shop开商店keep in touch with与某保持联系keep an eye on照看must 必须，应当(否定neednt
19、 或dont have to不必) Must I stay here?No.You neednt/dont have to.mustnt 禁止 You mustnt drive so fast.不许开车开得这么快。must 必定会,很可能 This dish must be delicious.这道菜肯定好吃Whats wrong with you?Whats the matter/trouble with you?Whats your trouble?Whats up? Unit 2 Whats the matter?give sb advice on sth给某人提有关某某建议 take
20、ones advice 听从某人的建议advise sb (not) to do sth建议某人(不)做某事have a backache背痛=have a sore backMy legs hurts.My eyes ache.I have a pain in the arm.see the doctor =go to the doctorsget back=be back=come back=returnbelieve sb 相信某人(的话) believe in sb 信任某人 lie 躺；位于laylainlyinglie 说谎liedliedlyingfeel/be/get tire
21、d 感到疲劳be/feel tired of对感到厌倦be/feel tired with 因劳累I think so.我认为是这样I dont think so.我认为不是这样 类似词：believe, suppose, hope, say等wish sb to do sthwish sb sthwish to dowish that从句 (不太可能实现的愿望)hope so hope to do sthhope that从句(很可能实现的愿望)hope for sthproblem难以解决难题或问题，与solve、settle搭配question 要口头回答的问题，与ask、answer搭
22、配trouble 麻烦事，忧虑，与have、make搭配for example 举例说明(只举一个) He bought a lot of school things, for example, notebooks.such as 列举同类中的几个例子=like He knows several languages, such as English, French and Russian.It is +adj+ for +sb +to do sth 形容词表事情性质、特征：improtant,easy,difficult,hard,necessary等It is +adj+ of +sb +t
23、o do sth 形容词表人的品质、特质：kind,wise,clever,good,right,foolish等everybody/everyone 每个人 (谓语用单数，后不能接of) Everybody/everyone likes children.every one 每个人，每件物 (后能接of) Every one of us loves the children.get stressed out变得紧张，有压力的 under stress 在压力之下at the moment=now 目前 for the moment暂时 at that moment 在那时at the las
24、t moment在最后关头 a moment ago刚才just a moment稍等一下 for a moment 一会儿keep balance 保持平衡a blanced diet 饮食平衡a balance of 的平衡be sorry to do sth 对做感到遗憾be sorry for sb 对某人感到遗憾be sorry about sth 对某事感到遗憾be +V-ing 进行时表预计将来要做的事情，跟将来时间He is leaving Beijing tomorrow. 他明天离开北京summer vacation/holiday暑假 winter vacation/ho
25、liday 寒假take a holiday/vacation 度假 for vacation 度假(表目的) on vacation 度假(表行为进行)holiday 休息日，假日=vacationfestival (民俗、宗教或喜庆)日或(音乐、戏剧、电影等)会演节日，前常用冠词 a film festival the Spring Festivalday 传统节日或法定节日 Teachers Day Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?go camping 去野营go hiking去徒步远足go boating去划船 do some washin
26、g洗衣服do some cooking煮饭do some shopping买东西do some cleaning大扫除do some listening/reading/writing/speaking多听/读/写/说How/What about(prep) +sb/sth/doing sth?怎么样；对于怎么样How/What about you,Tony?How/What about your exam last week,Kate?How/What about sitting in the garden?How long 多长时间 持续性谓语动词live, stay, study,wor
27、k,play,等；for +一段时间How long 多长 How long is the river?live 长时间居住stay 短暂停留 He lives in Wuhan but now he stays in Beijing.go away离开=be away=get away take away拿走run away跑开have a good/rice/great/wonderful time = have fun= enjoy oneself玩得高兴have a good time/have fun (in) doing sth=enjoy doing sth 很高兴做某事send
28、,give,show,bring,teach,tell + sb + sth= V + sth to sbbuy,sing,make,cook,get + sb for sb My father bought a computer for me.Please send it to him.make a plan 制订计划work out a plan拟订计划plan to do sth打算做某事plan for为作计划plan on (doing) sth指望，打算send sth 发送某物send sb sth=send sth to sb把某物寄给某人send sb to do sth 派
29、某人做某事send back送回，退回send for sb派人去请某人send up发射，使价格上升年月周前要用in,星期几号则用on；泛指上午下午需用in,具体日子则用on；午夜黄昏黎明用atbe famous for +著名的原因(特产) China is very famous for the Great Wall.Yao Ming is famous for playing basketball.be famous as 以(身份、职业、产地、地方)而著名 Yao Ming is famous as a basketball player.decide sthdecide to do
30、 sthdecide on doing sth 决定做某事decide that从句think about 从各方面思考think of 想起，考虑think over 仔细考虑think out 想出spend +时间/金钱+(in) doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事spend +时间/金钱+on sthleave sth 地方 遗忘某物在某地forget sth忘带东西forget to do sth忘记要做某事 Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave.forget doing sth忘记做了某事 He forgot goi
31、ng to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.forget oneself忘我，奋不顾身Forget it 别提它了，别在意forgetful 健忘的rent sth from sb 从某人处租用某物rent sth to sb把某物租给某人V + V-ing作宾语finish doing sth 完成做某事 practise doing with 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事mind doing sth介意做某事 keep doing sth保持做某事ask sb sth 问某人某事 ask sb (not) to
32、 do sth 问某人某事 ask for sth请求某事；要某物 ask sb for sth向某人要某物 Unit 4 How do you get to school?get to get arrive in Wuhan(名词) arrive home,here,there(地点副词)reach reachtake the bus=by bus by sea=by ship乘船take a taxi 乘出租车 by rail=by train乘火车take the subway乘地铁 on foot步行take the plane=by plane=by air乘飞机 go to sch
33、ool on a/the bus(大型交通工具)go to school in a/the car(小型交通工具)sb spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth/(in) doing sth I spent 3 hours on my homework yesterday.It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus.sb pay + 金钱 + for sth I paid five yuan for my English book.sth cost sb + 金钱 My English b
34、ook cost me five yuan.stop (市区沿途停靠的)小站station (停、转车辆的)车站；局，所stop to do sth 停下来去做某事stop doing sth 停止正在做的某事from morning to evening从早到晚from door to door挨家挨户from beginning to end自始至终from time to time 时不时have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner have a quick/light/delicious breakfast 吃了一顿快速/简便/丰盛的早餐quick 动作突然迅速
35、、敏捷，强调动作、反应快 a quick workera quick minda quick answerfast 速度快 a fast sleep很快入睡 a fast train/plance快速火车/飞机soon 不久，强调时间短，用于将来时 ride 乘车 ride a horse骑马 ride a bicycle骑自行车 ride a motorcycle drive 驾驶车辆 drive a car 开车 drive sheep赶羊part of 部分 a large part of 大部分 depend on/upon 取决于；依靠而定 It depends on the wea
36、ther. be ill in hospital生病住院a small number of 少量的a number of 许多的a large/geat number of 大量的be different from 与不同 Bananas are different from oranges. find/know the difference 找到不同点 make a/the difference 有影响；起重要作用 make no difference 无关紧要 Not all/everyone/both =all/everyone/both/always not (部分否定)并不是所有No
37、t all the answers are right=All the answers arent right.speak to/with sb 对/同某人说话(能力) speak Chinese讲中文say to sb sth (强调说话内容)talk to/with sb (强调动作) talk about sb/sth 谈论某人/某事tell sb sth (双宾) tell a story/lie 讲故事 tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 tell A from B 区分Unit 5 Can you come to my party?Yes,Id love to./Id
38、 like to. 接受邀请肯定回答Yes,Its very nice/kind of you.That sounds great.That sounds like funIm happy/glad toWould you like to向别人发出邀请、征求意见 What/How about Shall I(we) May I invite you to Id love/like to, but 否定婉拒回答Maybe some other/another time.Im sorry I cant. I have toIm afraid I cantIm afraid not.sure当然可以
39、=certainly=yes (口语肯定回答) May I use you pen?-Sure.be sure to do 务必，千万 (祈使句) Be sure to give it back in time.sb be sure to do 某人一定会做 Hes sure to come.sb be sure of/about 一定，肯定 He is sure of success=He is sure that he will succeed.sb be sure that从句 肯定，有把握 Im sure who he is.expect,hope,wish,prefer,want,t
40、ry等词后动词不定式省略时不能省略toI havent been to Hong Kong, but I wish to (go there).have to (客观上)不得不(否定dont have to) Its raining. I have to stay at home.must (主观意愿)不得不(否定dont have to,neednt) You must do your homework first. must not禁止have/take a piano class 上一节钢琴课 have history lessons上历史课teach/give sb a lesson 给某人一个教训 learn ones lesson吸取教训 thanks for 因而感谢 Thanks for helping methanks to 多亏；由于(=because of ) Thanks to your help, we finished it.babysit his sister 临时照看他妹妹invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb to
