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1、八年级英语上册知识点总结 Unit 1 How often do you exercise?一、词组go to the movies 去看电影 look after=take care of 照顾surf the internet 上网 healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式go skate boarding 去划板 keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康eating habits 饮食习惯 take more exercise 做更多的运动the same as 与什么相同 once a month 一月一次be different from 不同 twic
2、e a week 一周两次make a difference to 对什么有影响 how often 多久一次although=though虽然 as for 至于activity survey活动调查 do homework做家庭作业do housework做家务事 eat less meat 吃更少的肉junk food垃圾食物 be good for 对什么有益be bad for对什么有害 want to do sth 想做某事 want sb to do sth想某人做某事 try to do sth 尽量做某事 come home from school放学回家 of course
3、=certainly=sure 当然get good grades 取得好成绩 some advice 一些建议most of the students=most students 大多数学生shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物exercise=take (much) exercise=do sports 锻炼 help sb to do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事a lot of vegetables=many vegetables 许多蔬菜hardly=not nearly/almost not 几乎不keep/be in
4、good health保持健康二、词汇精讲1、 always、usually、often、sometimes、hardly ever和neveralways、usually、often、sometimes、hardly ever和never是英语中最常见的频度副词。(1)always 的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续,中间没有间断,意思是“总是”、“永远地”。 The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。(2)usually 的频度为70%左右,意为“通常”、“平常”,即很少有例外。 He usuall
5、y goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。(3)often 的频度为50%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁,表示动作重复,中间有间断。 He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。(4)sometimes 的频度为20%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首,以示强调。多用于一般现在时。 It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that w
6、ay. 他有时这样做,有时那样做。(5)hardly ever 的频度为5%左右,意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”,表频率,位置是“行前be后”。 I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。(6)never 的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。 My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。【拓展】(1)这些副词在句子中的位置基本相同,一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。即:“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。I
7、 usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。(2)hardly和hardhardly和hard形式上很接近,但意义截然不同。1)hard作形容词时,意为“困难的;硬的;勤奋的;严厉的;苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度,意为“努力地;猛烈地;剧烈地”。 This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬,挖不动。They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作,以求得成功。2)hardly是表频率的副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,相当于almost not。 There is hardly
8、 any coffee left.= Theres almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。(3)sometimes、sometime、some time和some times单词词义用法sometimes有时 用于一般现在时和一般过去时中sometime某时(时间点) 用于一般将来时或一般过去时中some time一段时间 可用于多种时态(指时间段)some times几次,几倍 表示次数或倍数He was sometimes late for school. 他有时上学迟到。He came here sometime. 他某个时候来过这里。He will sta
9、y there for some time. 他将在那里待一段时间。She came home some times. 她回了几次家。2、 exercise(1)作不及物动词,意为“锻炼、运动”。 How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次? I exercise every day. 我每天都锻炼。 (2)作不可数名词,意为“锻炼、运动”,常与动词take连用。 Exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。John likes to take exercise in the open air. 约翰喜欢在户外锻炼。 (3)作可数
10、名词,意为“练习;操”。 We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。We do English exercises to help us learn English well.我们做英语练习以便学好英语。3、 most most表示“大部分,多半”的意思。 Most children like playing computer games. 大部分孩子喜欢玩电脑游戏。【拓展】 most与most of 的区别:(1)most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数),同时,也可接有形容词修饰的名词。 Most boys like playing football
11、. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。I always spend most time learning English.我总是花大部分时间学习英语。(2)most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词,遇到这些情况用most of 代替most。I spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year.去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上了。I did most of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。(3)most of 后跟人称代词时,应用复数形式的人称代词宾格。 Most of
12、 them are going off to Guangzhou next week.他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。(4)most 前有定冠词时,可用来修饰多音节形容词,表示最高级,意为“最”。 This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。但是,如果most前有不定冠词a,则表示“非常;很”,相当于very。 She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。4、 nono是形容词,意为“无,没有”,一般用作定语,后接可数名词或不可数名词。相当于nota/any。I have no friends.=I dont h
13、ave a/any friend. 我没有朋友。【拓展】(1)no常用于省略句中,表示“不许,不可,不要”。 No smoking! 不要抽烟。No photos! 禁止拍照!(2)no和not(1)no可单独使用,回答一般疑问句,而not则不能单独使用。 Can I come? 我能来吗? No, you cant. 不,你不能。(2)no作形容词,其后可接单数、复数或不可数名词,而not是副词,常用来修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词等,故no相当于not a/an或not any5、 healthhealth为名词,意为“健康”,其形容词形式为healthy,意为“健康的”。在名词词尾加y构成形
14、容词,类似的词还有:rainrainy 雨下雨的 sunsunny 太阳晴朗的lucklucky 幸运幸运的 windwindy 风刮风的6、shopshop可用作动词,意为“购物”,也可用go shopping“去购物”或do some shopping。【拓展】go swimming 去游泳 go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船 do some reading 阅读 do some washing 洗涮 do some cooking 做饭 do some swimming 游泳 do some speaking 多说do some lis
15、tening 多听7、 once a week/ twice a weekonce“一次”,twice“两次”,在英语中三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示,time在这里为可数名词,意为“次数”,复数加s。 I wash my face twice a day. 我每天洗两次脸。He has been there four times. 他去过那里四次。8、 how oftenhow often意为“多久一次”,常用于对时间频率的提问。回答可用once/twice/three times a day(一天一/两/三次),sometimes(有时),never(从不),very of
16、ten(经常)等。How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视?How often do your parents visit your grandparents? 你的父母多久看一次你的祖父母?【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often、twice a week等how soon多快,过多久询问时间多快in+一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how much多少询问不可数名词数量数词
17、+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱9、 look afterlook after意为“照顾,照看”,相当于take care of。 My father is ill, so I have to look after him at home.我父亲病了,所以我得在家照顾他。She is old enough to look after herself. 她长大了,能够照顾自己了。【拓展】look at=have a look at 看 look over 检查look up (在字典等)查找 look for 寻找 look forward to 期待,盼望 look around
18、 环顾10、look、see、watch和read辨析:look为不及物动词,后接宾语时须用介词at,指看的动作。see既可做及物动词后接宾语,又可用做不及物动词,着重于看的后果,即“看到,看见”。read多指“看书、报”,这里的“看”实为“读”,可用做及物动词或不及物动词。watch用做及物动词,用来指非常仔细地、有目的和特意的动作,表示“注视,观看,监视”之意。也常用于“看电视,看比赛”等短语中。三、句式精讲1、 want sb.to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。否定形式为:want sb. not to do sth. 想让某人不要做某事want的用法还有: want sth
19、. 想要什么want to do sth. 想要做某事 She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。They want to go home. 他们想要回家。He wants me to help him. 他想要我帮他。【拓展】 want后接动词不定式时,相当于would like。want (sb.)to do sth.=would like (sb.)to do sth.2、 be good for 意为“对有好处,对有益处”,介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for,意为“对有害处”。 Junk food is not good for our hea
20、lth. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。【拓展】(1)be good to“对好”,其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。 介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。 She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。The boss is bad to his workers. 那个老板对他的工人不好。(2)be good at“在方面擅长”,介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,同义短语为do well in。 She is good at English and Chinese. = She does we
21、ll in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。(3)be good with“和相处得好;擅于和相处”。 Are you good with children? 你和孩子们相处得好吗?3、 try to do sth.try为动词,意为“试图;设法;努力”。指付出一定努力去做某事。try (not)to do sth. 努力(不)做某事、尽力(不)做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事try out 实验 try on 试穿(鞋、衣服等)try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去干I try to answer the question
22、. 我尽力回答这个问题。He tried swimming across the river. 他试着游过河去。She is trying on a new dress. 她正在试穿一件新连衣裙。We should try our best to study English well. 我们应尽我们最大努力学好英语。try作名词,意为“尝试;试图”。 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。4、 help sb. (to)do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。同义词组为help sb. with sth.He helps me (to)learn English.= He helps
23、 me with my English. 他帮助我学习英语。【拓展】(1)help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 My maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。(2)help 也可以作名词,作名词时常用于下列短语: with ones help= with the help of在的帮助下 With Marys help, I made rapid progress in English learning.= With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in Engli
24、sh learning.在Mary的帮助下,我在英语学习方面进步很快。5、 the same as/ be different fromthe same as意为“和一样/相同” I am in the same school as my younger sister.我和我的妹妹在同一所学校。be different from意为“与不同” Saying a thing is very different from doing it.说一件事和做一件事很不相同。the sameas意为“同一样”,是一常用搭配,same是形容词,做定语,其前总有the.Her hair is the same
25、 color as her mothers. 她头发的颜色和她妈妈的一样。6、 keep in good health 意为“保持健康” If you want to keep in good health, you should eat more fruit and vegetables.如果你想保持健康,你应该多吃水果和蔬菜。 health是不可数名词,意为“健康(状况)”,常用于“be in good(poor/bad)health”短语中,表示“身体好(不好)”。 Health is better than wealth. 健康胜于财富。 healthy做形容词,意为“健康的”,它是名
26、词health+y构成的形容词,类似的词有:windy、cloudy、sunny、funny、snowy等。 unhealthy意为“不健康的”,是由“un+adj.”构成的形容词。un-为否定前缀。类似的有: happy高兴的unhappy不高兴的 fair公平的unfair不公平的【拓展】(1)keep是动词,意为“保持(持续的)状态”,其后常跟形容词、副词、介词短语或动词的-ing形式。keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep (sb. / sth.)+ 形容词 (使某人)保持某种状态keep sb./sth.+介词短语 使处于某种状态keep sb. / sth. from
27、doing sth. 阻止,保护不受keep on doing sth. 反复做某事You should keep quiet. 你们应该保持安静。He keeps at home because it is hot. 他一直待在家里,因为天气太热了。 (2)keep的相关短语:keep up with 赶上 keep a shop 开商店keep an eye on 照看7、kind of常用于口语,意为“有点儿,有几分”,多用于修饰形容词或副词,表程度。He looked kind of angry. 他看上去有点生气了。kind还可表示“种类”。There are all kinds o
28、f shoes in the shoe shop. 鞋店里有各种各样的鞋。Unit 2 Whats the matter?一、词组have a cold 感冒 sore back 背痛sore throat 咽喉痛 lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a dentist 看牙医 drink lots of water 多喝水hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 Thats a good idea 好主意Thats too bad 太糟糕了 I think so 我认为如此get some rest 多休息 stressed out 筋疲力尽to eat a ba
29、lance diet 饮食平衡 healthy food 健康食品enjoy sth.=like sth. 喜欢某物 enjoy doing sth. =like dong sth 喜欢做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事,finish doing sth. 完成某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. practice, mind, finish, give up, cant help, keep 与enjoy用法基本
30、相似 at the moment = now 此刻 Host family 东道家庭 Conversation practice 会话练习 neck and neck 并驾齐驱,齐头并进a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医a balance of yin and yang 阴阳调和 You have too much yin. 你阴气太盛I have no idea = I dont know 我不知道stay healthy =keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fi
31、t保持健康enjoy oneself =have a good/ wonderful time=have fun 玩得高兴,过得愉快I have a stomachache.= I have got a stomachache.= My stomach hurts.=There is something wrong with my stomach.= I have (got) a pain in my stomach. 我胃痛Whats the matter? = Whats the trouble (with you)? = Whats your trouble?= Whats wrong
32、(with you)? =What the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you? =Is there anything wrong (with you)?= whats up? 怎么了?Im not feeling well. = Im not feeling fine/all right. = Im feeling ill/sick.=I feel terrible/bad.= I dont feel well. 我觉得不太舒服二、词汇精讲1、 lie动词,意为“躺”,过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain,现在分词为lying。 I f
33、ound he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。【拓展】 (1)lie有“位于”的意思。 A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。(2)lie作动词时,也可意为“撒谎”,过去式和过去分词是规则的,均为lied。lie也可用作名词,意为“谎言”。 Dont lie to me. 不要向我撒谎。The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie躺;位于laylainlyinglie说谎liedliedlying(3)英语中,部分以-ie结尾
34、的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。 die dying tie tying lie lying2、 hopehope意为“希望”,用于表示有可能实现的愿望,其后可接不定式或宾语从句,但表达“希望别人做某事”时,则需用hope that从句。 I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。【拓展】hope与wish的辨析: sohope+ to do sth. 注意:没有hope sb. to do sth.的用法 that从句 表示很有可能实现的主观愿望 for sth. sb. to do sth. 能接sb.的复合结构wish+ sb. st
35、h. 能接双宾语 to do sth. 可与hope互换 that从句 用虚拟语气表示不太可能实现的愿望 My mother wishes/hopes to find her lost watch swh. 我妈妈希望在什么地方找到她丢失的手表。I wish you to finish the work in time. 我希望你及时完成这项工作。3、 adviceadvice是不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”,不能与不定冠词a连用。 a piece of advice 一条建议Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。Thanks for your
36、 advice about the house. 谢谢你关于房子的建议。【拓展】(1)give advice (on) 给提(有关)的建议 Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well. 你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗?(2)take ones advice 听从某人的建议 Ill take your advice, and do exercise every day.我会听从你的建议,每天锻炼身体。(3)advise是advice的动词形式,意为“建议”,常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。He
37、advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。4、 shouldshould是情态动词,意为“应当,应该”。表示义务、责任,可用于各种人称,无人称和数的变化,也不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态;否定形式为should not,缩写为shouldnt。其主要用法有:(1)表示责任和义务,意为“应该”。 You should take your teachers advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。You shouldnt be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。(2)表示推断,意为
38、“可能,该”。 The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。(3)当劝某人做或不做某事时,常用should do sth.或shouldnt do sth.,比must和ought to更加委婉。You should brush your teeth vefore you go to bed. 你在睡觉前应该刷牙。5、 need(1)need作实义动词,意为“需要,必然”,有人称、时态及数的变化。 sb./sth. 需要某人/某物need+ to do sth. 需要做某事 doing 需要(被)做He needs some help. 他需要些
39、帮助。You didnt need to come so early. 你不必来这么早。The flowers need watering. 花需要浇水。(2)need也可作情态动词,意为“需要,必须”,没有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词原形,多用于否定句和疑问句中。 He need not go at once. 他不必立刻走。Need he go at once? 他必须立刻走吗?用must提问的句子,其否定回答常用neednt。 Must he hand in his homework this morning? 他必须今天上午交作业吗? No, he neednt. 不,不必了。【拓展
40、】need to do和need doing的辨析:need to do sth.意为“需要干某事”,是自己主动去干某事;need doing其主语是物,含有被动的意义,相当于need to be done。 The student needs to do his homework as soon as he gets home.那个学生需要一回家就做家庭作业。My computer needs repairing. 我的电脑需要修理。6、 untiluntil意为“直到”,有下列用法:(1)作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。(2)作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。We waited
41、until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。She stayed there until 9 oclock. 她一直等到9点钟。【拓展】(1)until用在肯定句中,多与持续性的动词连用表示某动作持续到某时,until相当于till。如stand、wait、stay等,表示主句动作的终止时间。(2)until可用于否定句中,即notuntil意为“直到才”,常与非延续性动词连用。如open、start、leave、arrive等,强调主句动作开始时间。 The child didnt go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来,
42、那个孩子才睡觉。Youd better wait until the rain stops. 你最好等到雨停。7、 have a coldhave a cold是动词短语,意为“患感冒,伤风”,也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病,得病”,不能用于进行时态,但可与一段时间连用,表示状态;而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作,不能同一段时间连用。cold在此是名词,意为“伤风、感冒”。I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。此句也可以表达为:I caught/got a co
43、ld three days ago.cold还可做形容词,意为“冷的,寒冷的”。A cold wind was coming down the valley. 有一股冷风正吹进山谷。【拓展】表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构:(1)have a+身体部位名词后加-ache构成。 have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a stomachache 胃痛(2)have a sore+身体部位名词。 have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a sore arm 胳膊痛 have a sore foot 脚痛sore是形容词,意为“疼痛的”,通常放在表示身体部位的词前,表示哪个部位疼痛。(3)身体部位+ hurt/ache。 My eyes hurts. 我眼睛痛。 My legs ache. 我腿疼。(4)have a pain in/on+the+身体部位。 I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。(5)There is something wron