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1、被动语态,语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Many people speak English.(主动）English is spoken by many people.（被动）许多人学英语。,B级考试中常考：被动语态,一般现在时：be（am,is,are)+过去分词一般过去时：be（was，were）)+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：Will+be+过去分词现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词情态动词的被动语态：Can/should/must/could/
2、may+be+过去分词不定式的被动语态：To be+过去分词,History is made by the people.The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889.More subway lines will be built in the future.English has been studied for 3 years by us at school.Music can be easily downloaded from the internet.There are twenty more trees to be planted.,牛刀小试,1.Sh
3、e didnt received the application form;it _ to the wrong address.sent B.be sent C.was sent D.being sent2.As far as Im concerned,I dont like _ inthat way.A.to be treated B.to treat C.treated D.treating3.I feel its a great honor for me _ to this party.to invited B.invite C.having invited D.to be invite
4、d4.This article is well written because special attention_ to the choice of words and styles of writing.had been paid B.has been paid C.will be paid D.will have paid.,1.The final decision(make)_ by the team leader early next week.2.We can arrange for your car to(repair)_ within a reasonable period o
5、f time.3.All visitors to the lab(expect)_ to take off their shoes before they enter.4.We are pleased to learn that that problem(solve)_ at yesterdays meeting.5.The goods that you ordered ten years age will(deliver)_ to you tomorrow.,6.This picture(take)_ by young reporter in Beijing last month.7.Yes
6、terday,the secretary(give)_ the task to make arrangements for the annual meeting.8.The new machine ought to(test)_ before it is put to use.9.If you smoke in this non-smoking area,you will(fine)_$50.,虚拟语气 subjective mood表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。,We only wish we could help.我们但愿能提供帮助。（表愿望）If there were n
7、o gravity,we should not be able to walk.假若没有引力，我们就不能行走。（表假想）He suggests that we should all go to see the film.他建议我们都去看这个电影。（表建议),与现在事实相反 If I were you,I would refuse the money.假如我是你的话，我就不会要那钱。与过去事实相反 We would have dropped by if we had had time.假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访。与将来事实可能相反If you dropped the glass,it
8、would break.假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。,虚拟语气的其他用法,用在主语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形（或should+have+过去分词），常用在It is（was)important(suggested,requested.)that.句型中It is important that we should speak politely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。用在宾语从句，一种是用作动词wish的宾语从句，另一种是谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句“must have done”表示对过去已发生的事进行肯定的推测,三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气英
9、语中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(坚决要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and
10、soul.党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。,1.I cant find the key to my office,I _ have lost it on my way home.would B.should C.must D.ought to2.If I _ that your business was growing so rapidly,I wouldnt have been worried about it.Know B.knew C.had known D.have known3.If I hadnt attended an important meeting yesterday,I
11、 _ to see you.will have come B.would have come C.have come D.had come4.If you had enough money，what _？A.will you buy B.would you buy C.would you have bought D.will you have bought,5.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _，she would have met my brother.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 1.
12、The doctor recommended that Mary(start)_ the health program as soon as possible2.If the engineer(come)_here yesterday,the problem would have been solved.3.We demand that the tour guide(tell)_ us immediately about any change in the schedule.,非谓语动词,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词。1.To hear your voice is so
13、nice.听到你的声音真高兴。2.Reading books makes one wise.读书使人明智。3.This is a book written by Balzac.这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。,It is quite difficult for me(decide)_ who should be given the job.带to的不定式作主语时。常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important,easy,difficult,hard,good,bad,right 等。Advances in medical technology have made it possible f
14、or people(live)_ longer.Its+adj for sb.to do sth.,固定搭配,1.No reader is allowed(take)_any reference book out of the reading-room.2.I want(point out)_ that a decision about the matter must be made at once.3.If your credit is good,you will be allowed(use)_ the credit card.4.Advances in medical technolog
15、y have made it possible for people(live)_ longer.,分词作状语,Customers consider location as the first factor when _ a decision about buying a house.A.make B.made C.to make D.making Make 和逻辑主语customers 之间是主动关系They talked to him for hours,(try)_ to persuade him to change his mind.现在分词作目的状语，逻辑主语必须与主句相同。,1.W
16、e talked for more than three hours without _ a cup of tea.A.to have B.having C.have D.had2.Before _ for the job,you will be required to take a language test.apply B.applying C.applied D.to apply3.As the price of oil keeps _,people have to pay more for driving a car.to go up B.going up C.gone up D.go
17、 up4.Location is the first thing customers consider when_ to buy a house.planning B.planned C.to plan D.having planned5.She told us briefly about how they succeeded in _ the new product.A.develop B.to developing C.developed D.developing,1.Thank you for your letter of April 15,(tell)_ us about Mr.Joh
18、n Browns visit to our company on May 10.2.We are looking forward to(work)_ with you in the future.3.That new film is worth(see)_ for the second time.4.Now many young people spend several hours a day(talk)_ on a mobile phone.5.It took me several weeks to get used to(drive)_ on the left side of the ro
19、ad in London.,短语的理解,1.The department manager_ a new plan to promote sales at the meeting.A.took away B.put forward C.looked afterD.got on2.Peter will_ the job as Sale Manager when John retires.Put away B.take over C.work out D.make up3.There was a heavy fog this morning,so none of the planes could_.
20、A.Get through B.take off C.pull out D.break away,4.Please _ your report carefully before you hand it in to me.turn to B.bring about C.go over D.put up 5._ your name and job title,the business card should also include your telephone number and address.As far as B.In addition to C.In spite of D.As a r
21、esult of 6.If the machine should _,call this number immediately.break down B.set outC.put on D.go up,7.If you want to join the club,youll have to _this form first.put up B.try out C.fill in D.set up 8.They had to give up he plan because they had _ e up to B.got along withC.run out of D.taken charge
22、of 9.She told us briefly about how they succeeded in_ the new product.set up B.break up C.get up D.turn up10.The work seemed easy at first but it _ to be quite difficult.A.broke out B.turned out C.worked out D.set out,11.I _ the former manager when I was on a flight to Beijing.ran into B.took away C
23、.put on D.shut down12.Youd better_ advice before making a project plan.put down B.take in C.turn out D ask for13.While traveling in France,he _some everyday English.gave up B.picked up C.drew up D.got up14.Were going to _ the task that we havent finished.take away B.carry on C.get onto D.keep off 15
24、.Time _ very fast and a new year will begin soon.A.taken off B.goes by C.pulls up D.gets along,连词,连词是虚词，起着连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子的作用，连词包括并列连词和从属连词。并列连词 从属连词,并列连词,表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and,or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut(also),bothand,as well as 等 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but,yet 等 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for,so 等
25、,从属连词,从属连词是引导从句的连词。1.引导宾语从句的连词1).that 连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。3).if/whether 连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。2.引导状语从句的连词1).时间状语从句：when,before,after,until,as soon as(主将从现),since.(主句一般用现在完成时）2).条件状语从句：if,unless3).原因状语从句：because4).方式状语从句：than5).结果状语从句：so that,su
26、ch that6).让步状语从句：though/although7).目的状语从句：so that,1._ she joined the company only a year ago,shes already been promoted twice.Although B.Because C.If D.When2.It has been quite a long time_ the two companies established a business relationship.Although B.because C.if D.since3._ the rain stops before
27、12 oclock,we will have to cancel the game.As B.Since C.While D.Unless4.Lisa was busy taking notes_ Mark was searching the Internet for the information.until B.unless C.while D.if5._ his lecture is short,it gives us a clear picture of the new program.A.If B.Because C.Although D.When,动词（一）,Mind mentio
28、n thank travel start write Prepare send type visit show enjoy cost Contact smoke apply join cancel turn Expect allow promise become improve,（二）arrive aware use accept attend kill succeed stop introduce discuss promote Point solve invite save provide,（三）Remember forget require practice Fail explain c
29、reate build spend share stay fill set communicate understand earn deal push pick enter decrease decide,（四）recommend affect treat increase help pay book choose serve develop change finish delete apologize check raise carry beat,1.Please keep a detailed _ of the work that you have done.paper B.idea C.
30、exercise D.record2.Soft drink sales in this city have _ by 8%compared with last year.picked B.moved C.increased D.pushed3.Jack called the airline to _ his flight to Beijing this morning.improve B.believe C.confirm D.insure4.In his report of the accident he_ some important details.A.missed B.wasted C
31、.escaped D.failed,5.Dont _ me to help you if you are not working hard.guess B.speak C.plan D.expect6.Im sorry,but I have a question to _ you.treat B.influence C.ask D.change7.My impression of the service in the hotel was that it had really_.improved B.implied C.imported D.imagined8.How much does it_
32、 to take the online training course?cost B.give C.pay D.spend9.We havent enough rooms for everyone,so some of you will have to _ a room.A.share B.stay C.spare D.live,形容词与副词,一、形容词的比较级和最高级二、副词的比较级和最高级三、形容词修饰名词四、副词修饰动词、形容词,1.Of all the hotels in the city,this one is the(good)_.2.This question is(diffic
33、ult)_ than the one I have answered.3.The(last)_ model of the racing car will be on display at the exhibition this week.4.The film turned out to be(successful)_ than we had expected.5.It is a fact that traditional meals are(healthy)_ than fast foods.,比较级和最高级,6.John is the(good)_ engineer we have ever
34、 hired in our department 7.The more careful you are,the(well)_ you will be able to complete the work.8.Some people think(much)_ about their right than about their duties.9.Gas prices are(high)_ here than in other parts of the country.10.Because light travels(fast)_ than sound,lightning is seen befor
35、e thunder is heard.,1.The new(nation)_ museum will be open to the public next week.2.Although she is young for the job,she is very(experience)_.3.The new rules for environmental protection have been(wide)_ accepted by the public.4.What a(wonder)_ party it was!I enjoyed every minute of it.5.The manag
36、er has promised that she will deal with the matter(immediate)_.,词性转换,6.The visitors were(disappoint)_ to find the museum closed when they rushed there.7.In China,it is quite(nature)_ for people to go back home for the Spring Festival.8.While this new law does not(direct)_ affect the quality of work,it will greatly benefit employees.9.(general)_ speaking,he is a person that you can trust.10.It will be very(help)_ if each member presents his or her own opinion at the meeting.,
