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1、翻译基本技能考核标准一、 指导思想明确翻译专业人才培养的技能规格与要求，增强翻译专业技能训练的目的性、针对性、系统性，培养具有较高翻译实践能力的高素质人才，以此推进翻译人才培养的改革与创新，深化翻译专业课程的内涵建设，凸显翻译专业课程的特色。二、 培养目标使学生具备笔头翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握英汉双语翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英汉互译的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅，翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。三、 职业面向1. 各大专院校从事翻译教学工作的翻译师资；2. 各级各类翻译研究机构
2、中的翻译及科研人员；3. 各行各业从事笔译实践工作的译员。四、 基本技能要求1、 能够正确运用翻译策略和技巧，熟练进行双语互译。2、 译文忠实原文、无错译、漏译。译文流畅、用词恰当。译文无语法错误。3、 能将中等难度的汉语篇章（如我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品）或段落译成英语，速度每小时约300-400个汉字。4、 能将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，速度为每小时250-300个英文单词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。5、 能担任一般外事活动的口译。六、 测试与评估1、评估方式： 形成性评估和终结性评估相结合，平时成绩占课程总成绩的40，期末考试成绩占60。2、测试内容：1) 小组课
3、堂报告；与翻译相关的话题讨论或翻译练习译文评析。2) 翻译作业每人一学期抽查5次。3) 课堂小测试：一小时内完成一篇250-300字左右的篇章翻译。（英汉汉英）4) 学期小论文：每学期最后3周内完成一篇翻译评论或一篇翻译反思。5) 期末考试：闭卷笔试，难易程度参照专业教学大纲、专业八级考试大纲和国家人事部及上海市、浙江省的翻译资格证书考试的要求。七、 翻译技能素质评价标准指标评价要求权重翻译道德1、不篡改原话原意，不随心所欲瞎译。对原话原作不能随个人好恶而有所改变或取舍，不能偷工减料，不能嫌说话者罗嗦而随意删改。2、维护本国利益。如发现有危害国家利益的语言，有把握的进行纠正翻译，没有把握的可与
4、人商量好后再翻译。3、按照相关的法律法规为顾客保守商业和技术秘密，不得向任何第三方透露顾客的商业或技术秘密。15文化素养熟悉中西方文化传统，具有一定的艺术修养；熟悉英语国家的地理、历史、发展现状、文化传统、风俗习惯；具有较多的人文知识和科技知识；具有较强的汉语口头和书面表达能力；具有较强的创新意识和一定的创新能力。30语言修养能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评、英语国家出版的有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。能在5分钟内速读1，600词左右的文章，掌握文章的主旨和大意，理解事实和细节。理解掌握中文的逻辑思维，中文的文言文、古文、古诗词
5、，中文的现代诗，甚至现代流行音乐中的歌词等。除了掌握英语之外，再掌握其他1-2门其他外语。35百科能力掌握广博的社会知识；各种学科的专业术语；还要掌握尽量多的其他百科知识，如对有关国家、民族的历史、地理、政治、军事、外交、经济、文化、科技、风俗习惯等方面的问题。20注：得分85分以上的为优秀；70-85分为良好；60-70为合格；60以下为不合格八、 翻译技能译文评价标准1、 英译汉等级分值标准优秀精确10-9原文全部译完，没有遗漏。对原文的理解没有错误；汉语表达流畅，仅有个别错别字。良好准确8-7原文全部译完，可能有个别不重要的遗漏。还可能有一两处误译，但都属于通过查词典能正确解决的问题。除
6、此之外，对原文的理解没有大的错误。汉语表达基本通顺，但可能有少数欧化句子和错别字。合格 正确6-5原文没有全部译完，有整句的遗漏。原文的基本意思虽然译出来了，但由于学生对原文理解不透，误译较多，而且错误性质属于对英语的基础语法或基本用法缺乏了解。汉语不太通顺，错别字较多。不合格 错误4-1原文内容有相当大的部分没有翻译或漏译。原文的意思有许多没有表达出来或表达有误。2、 汉译英等级分值标准优秀10-9原文信息全部转达，语气和文体风格与原文一致。句式处理恰当，选词妥贴。良好8-7除个别次要信息有疏漏外，原文的重要信息全部转达，语气和文体风格与原文一致。语言基本合乎规范。行文比较流畅。合格6-5有
7、少量理解错误或有个别漏译，但主要精神原文一致。有个别漏译和词不达意现象 。行文不够流畅。不合格4-3有个别重大错误或遗漏。部分信息含混，但总体上达意，有逐字硬译，不符合目的语表达习惯的现象，句子不连贯，比较费解。2-1误译漏译较多，不能转达原文主要精神。有大量句法与用词错误，三分之一以上的句子生搬硬套，不知所云。注：分值为10分制附件一：汉译英样题 Translate the following underlined text into English.来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我
8、的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。 (304字)参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regi
9、ons, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American c
10、ounterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight in
11、to what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7
12、 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stay
13、ed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.附件二： 英译汉样题Please translate the following passages into Chinese Passage one. Please translate t
14、he passage into Chinese. To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveller could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the sam
15、e books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially Englan
16、d) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his ownand which is yet a
17、 foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend. (192words)Passage two. Please translate the underlined p
18、art into Chinese. I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring
19、only that which is easily measured- the numbers on the money chart - and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter
20、 for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I dont want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of ga
21、soline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part
22、 of town or excused as the whims of alien groups - when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”（93words）Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities - the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are, sadly, more excep
23、tions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：Passage one提到“美国文学”，并不是断言它与欧洲文学截然不同。大体上说来，美欧步调一致。在任何特定时刻，旅游者可以发现两地的建筑风格相同、衣着款式相同，书架上的书籍也相同。思想观念如同人员和商品，跨越大西洋时同样畅通无阻，只是有时会慢些。我谈及“美国人”的习惯、思维等方面时，想在这个词前面加上某种限制。因为美欧(尤其是英国)之间的差别通常只是程度上的差别，有时只是细微的差别。差异的程度很微妙，往往使得英国人看美国时感到迷惑。他看到的这个国家在某些重要意义上起源于本国，在某些方面仍很像本国，然而是外国。两地有莫名的重叠，也有陡然感到陌生之处；起初感到亲近，突然之间又觉得疏远。就像我们向街对面的一个人打招呼，见他一脸茫然，从而意识到我们把陌生人错认为朋友了。Passage two.我无意将小城镇的生活理想化，因为有时外部的世界无情地侵入，比如汽油价格上涨或开发商着眼于未被染指的农田时，令人无法忍受的大城市的所有种种罪恶和卑劣行径。在这小地方也同样存在。不仅如此，当人们无法将它们解释为异族的怪异而不得不承认这一切都是我们自己的一部分时，就更加难以忽视它们了。
