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1、大学英语专业历年四级真题 2018年12月英语四级考试真题( 第3套)四级写作Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words._四级听力Part II Listening Comprehension
2、(30 minutes)说明：由于2018年6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。四级阅读Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank foll
3、owing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A few months
4、ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different _ 26_ I tried, I still couldnt get rid of the cough Not only did it _ 27_ my teaching but also my life as a whole Then one day after class, a student came up to me and _28_ traditional Chinese me
5、dicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was _ 29_ because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much _ 30_ that I couldnt sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor t
6、ook my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new _ 31_ to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scraping（刮） treatment known as Gua Sha. I was a little _ 32_ at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and sh
7、oulders A few minutes later, the _ 33_ strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to _ 34_ deeper into relaxation. I didnt feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to _ 35_. The
8、n within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A) deepenB) experiencesC) hesitantD) inconvenienceE) lessenF) licensesG) pressuredH) recommendedI) remediesJ) scaredK) sensitiveL) sinkM) temporaryN) trembleO) worseSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten state
9、ments attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
10、 Sheet 2.Is it really ok to eat food thats fallen on the floor?A) When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs wont have much of a chance to co
11、ntaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and weve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.B) While the five-second rule might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, its still worth investigating food myths li
12、ke this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.C) So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold（门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? Its a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from flo
13、or to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.D) Wondering if food is still OK to eat after its dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And its probably not a new one either A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some v
14、iewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.E) In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor Child put it back in the p
15、an, saying, But you can always pick it up and if youre alone in the kitchen, whos going to see it? But the misremembered story persists. Its harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five- second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the
16、five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.F) So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high sc
17、hool student participating in a research project at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles（瓷砖）and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didnt
18、 report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.G) But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 20XX, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with
19、a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred
20、to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours.H) We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didnt depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface-whether for a few seconds o
21、r for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like whats at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.I)
22、 We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% o
23、f bacteria were.J) Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters（参数）to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor.K) Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a
24、 food safety standpoint if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0. 1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria ca
25、n cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.L) And its not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various media, which can include raw food,
26、moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing（打喷嚏）. Hands, foods and utensils（器皿）can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and
27、they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Becteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers（清洁剂）and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.M) So the next time you consider eati
28、ng fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.N) Researc
29、h or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.38. Food c
30、ontamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.40. The authors research centers around how food gets contaminated.41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.42. Ch
31、ances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.45. Researchers
32、 found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the pa
33、ssage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The latest in cat research re
34、veals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey（猎物）using both their ears and an inborn（天生的）understanding of how the physical
35、 world worksIn a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a team member shook Some containers rattled（发出响声）; others did not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didnt.It turns out that the cats were rema
36、rkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected.Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict
37、 the appearance of invisible objects, lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. The researchers conclude that cats hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing cre
38、atures: babies. Like cats, babies appear to engage in whats called preferential lookinglooking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.When babies expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their a
39、nimal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe, Okay, so cats may not be the next physics
40、 faculty members at Americas most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, theyve shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?A) They can be trained to understand the physi
41、cal world.B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.D) They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.47. What may account for the cats response to the noise from the containers?A) Their inborn sensitivity to noise. C) T
42、heir special ability to perceive.B) Their unusual sense of direction. D) Their mastery of cause and effect.48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?A) They depend on their instincts. C) They wait some time before attack.B) They rely mainly on their heari
43、ng. D) They use both their ears and eyes.49. In what way do babies behave like cats?A) They focus on what appears odd. C) They do what they prefer to doB) They view the world as normal. D) They are curious about everything.50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?A) They have higher inte
44、lligence than many other animals.B) They interact with the physical world much like humans.C) They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.D) They can aid physics professors in their research work.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Imagine you enter a car w
45、ith no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals（踏板）. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it? You say yes and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and rel
46、ax.How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car No crazy driving，no insults，no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and park
47、ing tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways. Theres no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non- renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.But w
