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1、历年英语六级阅读真题 2019年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案选词填空The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying - first it was your phone, then your cat, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre is it sounds, und
2、er certain _26_ people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are _27_ In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute _28_ to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can _29_ lonelin
3、ess. When college students were reminded of a time they had been _30_ in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends- unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the partic
4、ipants phones _31_ substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it
5、had its own beliefs and _32_.So how do people assign trails to an object? In par, we rely on looks. On humans wide faces are _33_ with dominance. Similarly, people rated curs, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them- especially in _34_
6、situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this _35_ as increasing a cars friendliness.A) alleviateB) apparentlyC) arrogantD) associatedE) circumstancesF) competitiveG) concededH) consciousnessI) desir
7、esJ) excludedK) featureL) lonelyM) separateN) spectacularlyO) warrant(26)E(27)L(28)H(29)A(30)J(31)B(32)I(33)D(34)F(35)K2019年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案段落匹配Why More Farmers Are Making The Switch to Grass-Fed Meat and DairyA) Though he didnt come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by
8、 the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the
9、higher the profit to the farmer.B) Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 20XX, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently ex
10、ceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir(发酵乳饮品), on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic
11、market research company SPINS. Josephs top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasnt going to suffice.C) His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too
12、, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 20XX, the couple has helped 125 small dairy fa
13、rms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.D) All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began, with no end in sight. Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But
14、convincing open- minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tig
15、htening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland s natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows own f
16、ertilizer.E) Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial(微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy
17、 and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.F) In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a her
18、d to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going gras-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what theyre doing is not working. Thats when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed
19、 and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract ple
20、dging to buy the farmers milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.G) While Maple Hills conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, its just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing
21、the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the companys culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is p
22、rojected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he s received a steady stream of inquiries from interes
23、ted farmers.H) Smith says hell provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic(整体的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-cu
24、stomer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.I) Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20%above organic versions, but depending on the product
25、chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed
26、 premium of anywhere from 35-60%.J) And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the h
27、idden cost of government corm subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat, he says.K) Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC,
28、 which makes meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they re advocates of grass- fed meat. Soon after launching EPICs most successful product- the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar- Collins and Forrest found theyd exhausted their sourc
29、es for bison(北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed- lot confined and fed grain and corm.L) But after General Mills bought EPIC in 20XX, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the
30、 resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass- fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The me
31、ssage to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, You car Purchase this S3 million piece of land here, because Im guaranteeing you today youll have 1,000 bison on it. Were bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really co
32、ol to see, Collins explains.36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.37. Over the years, Tim Josephs partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consid
33、eration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.40. Tim Josephs grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.41. Tim Joseph was fascin
34、ated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.43. Grass-fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-
35、fed products fell short of demand.45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison meat was scarce.36.F37.C38.J39.D40.G41.A42.I43.E44.B45.K2019年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案 仔细阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The dangerous thing about lying is people d
36、ont understand how the act changes us, says Dan Ariely, behavioral psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planni
37、ng, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone elses perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says. for most of us, lying takes work. In st
38、udies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine，which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their fron
39、tal parietal (颅腔壁的) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural(神经的)reward centres were more active when they
40、won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars- suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.Extremal conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalise it, when we a
41、re stressed and fatigued or sec others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. We as a society need to understand that, when we dont punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again, Ariely says.In a 20XX study p
42、ublished in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters peoples brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that
43、 produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game- in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, b
44、ut when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies which get bigger over time.46. Why do some experts consider lying a milestone
45、 in a childs development?A) It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.B) It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.C) It represents their ability to actively interact with people around them.D) It involves the coordination of bo
46、th their mental and physical abilities.47. Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?A) It is hard to choose from several options.B) It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.C) It requires speedy blood flow into ones brain.D) It involves lots of sophisticated mental activity
47、.48. Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?A) When they become too emotional.B) When they face too much peer pressure.C) When the temptation is too strong.D) When the consequences are not imminent.49. When are people less likely to lie?A) When they are worm out and stressed.B) When they are
48、 under watchful eyes.C) When they think in a rational way.D) When they have a clear conscience.50. What does the author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?A) They may feel justified.B) They will tell bigger lies.C) They will become complacent.D) They may mix lies and truths.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Heres how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for The Big One. Its the mother of all disaster drills for what could
