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1、托福独立写作素材整理理财类Acompanyisgoingtogivesomemoneyeithertosupporttheartsortoprotecttheenvironment.Whichdoyouthinkthecompanyshouldchoose?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.一个公司准备出资支持艺术或者保护环境？你认为公司该如何选择？1可持续发展的重要性段落大意：可持续发展是发展战略的中心环节，支持可持续发展意味着支持环保和经济发展事业。Thedefinitionofsustainabledevelopmentas
2、definedbynationalleadersin92attheEarthSummitinRioisdevelopmentwhichmeetstheneedsofthepastwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds.Sustainabledevelopmentiscentraltoanyideaofdevelopmentandmustbetakingintoaccountwhendefiningthetermdevelopmentanditsuse.Ifdevelopmentisseenasacurre
3、ntissuethenfuturedevelopmentwillbethreatenedasnaturalresourcessuchaswood,oilznaturalgasesandcoalwillperishatafasterrate.Itmayalsomeanthatdamagetotheenvironmentmayoccurthusdestroyingthenaturalhabitatoftheearthanditsanimals.Sustainabledevelopmentmustbestronglylinkedwithdevelopmentbecauseifnotitmaymake
4、thegapbetweenrichandpoorcountrieswideraspeoplemightnotbeabletogainaccesstodevelopmentwithintheirnations.2可持续发展益处段落大意：可持续发展为我们的后代也打下良好基础，我们应该大力支持可持续发展，支持环保事业。Sustainabledevelopmentisamajorworldissueinrecentyears.Itsmainideaistomeettheneedsofpresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomee
5、ttheirownneeds,greeningofcitiesisaverydistinctivepracticeofthisidea.Practicalmeasuresincludeplantingtressalongroadside,increasingthegreeningareaofthecitylikethenumberandareaofurbanparksandperhapscountryparkstoo;settinglawtorestrictenvironmentaldegradationsuchasthereleaseofairpollutionbycars,factorie
6、s,alsothetreatmentofsolidandliquidwastebeforedischarge.3城市绿化的重要性段落大意：城市绿化是用较少的钱达到好的城市绿色效果的表现。城市绿化降低空气污染，达到环保效果。Havinglowcostformaintenanceandreplacingnewthingsisoneofthemostobviousbenefitsofgreeningacity.Duetotheincreaseinvegetation,theairpollutantssuchassulphurdioxideandnitrogendioxideofthecitydecr
7、eases,theformationofacidraindecrease,destructionbyacidraintobuildingsandroadsthatmadeofconcretedecreases.4艺术的重要性段落大意:艺术能表现生活的各个方面。艺术能够鼓舞人心,凝聚社会，反映社会中的各种问题。Artimprovesourlivesbydirectlyandindirectlyliftthemoraleofindividuals,creatingunityandsocialsolidarity.Artcreatesawarenessofsocialissues.Artmayexp
8、ressandreflectthereligious,political,andeconomicalaspectsofcultures.Artisandcanbewhateveraculturesaysitisorwhatevertheywantittobe.Itinvolvesallpeople,thosewhoconceivetheideaofthework,executeitzprovidenecessaryequipmentandmaterials,andpeoplewhomakeuptheaudienceforthework.Artformsasdiverseasarchitectu
9、re,bodydecoration,andclothingmanufacture,andmemorialsculpturesreflectsocialstatus.Artechoesthenaturalworld.Itgivesordertotheworldandintensitytohumanlife.Artisameansofcommunionaswellascommunication.Itprovidespleasurableexperiencesalongwithcerebralwealth.Artalsohelpsustoexpressoursentimentalrelations.
10、Itcanbeautifysurprise,inspire,stimulateimagination,inform,tellstories,andrecordhistory.AssomeoneoncesaidznArtislife.Somepeoplethinkthatgovernmentsshouldspendasmuchmoneyaspossibleondevelopingorbuyingcomputertechnology.Otherpeopledisagreeandthinkthatthismoneyshouldbespentonmorebasicneeds.Whichoneofthe
11、seopinionsdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.有些人认为政府应当尽可能地花钱购买或发展计算机技术。有些人持反对意见认为这些钱应该用在基本需求上。你赞同哪种观点？1计算机技术能够带来的方便段落大意：计算机技术的引进能够节省职员的时间，使得他们做事更加有效率。Thecompaniessavedmoneybymakingorpurchasingacomputerizedsystemtoreducingpaperusageandemployeeovertime.Sinceemployeesdidnoth
12、avetospendtheirtimedoingpaperwork,theycoulddotheirjobsfasterandmoreefficiently.Thisgivestheemployeesmoretimetodootherprojectsaroundtheoffice.Onecomputerizedsystemthatsavedemployee,stimeisautomaticpayroll.Insteadofwastingtimefillingoutpapertimesheets,theemployeecouldsimply“clickinatthebeginningandend
13、ofeachshift.Somecompanieslikethisideabecauseitcanpossiblyreducethenumberofemployeesneededinthepayrollsectionoftheircompany.Manyaspectsofthecomputerizedsystemmighttakeawaysomedutiesfromthehumanemployee.Thiscansavethecompanyalotofmoney,butisverybadforemployeemorale.2计算机带给领导者的好处段落大意：计算机提供大量信息资源，可以供领导者享
14、用。Managersalsobenefitsfromthecomputerizedsystem.Managersareablemakedecisionsmuchfasterbecausetheinformationthattheyneededtomakethesedecisionsisrightthereandcouldeasilybeaccessed.Thereisnoneedtosearchfordocumentsorotherfiles.Thecompanycaneasilygiveaccesstocertainpartsofthecomputerizedsystemtoonegroup
15、inthecompanyandtoothers.Inthiswayzinformationiskeptprivateorpublic,dependingonthecompany7sneeds.3支持福利建设段落大意：福利建设能够帮助到更多生活贫困的人，很多组织都在支持福利建设。Welfareisagovernmentprogramthatprovidesmoney,medicalcare,foodzhousing,andotherthingsthatpeopleneedinordertosurvive.Peoplewhocanreceivehelpfromthesewelfareprogram
16、sarechildren,eldersrdisabled,andotherswhocannotsupporttheirfamiliesontheircurrentincome.Anothernameforwelfareispublicassistance.Therearemanyorganizationsthatsupplythispublicassistance.Publicassistancebenefitshelpmanypeoplewholivebelowthepovertyline.Anincomelevelisestablishedforthesefamilies,ifyourin
17、comewerebelowthisline,youwouldbeeligibletoreceivethishelp.4支持公共交通建设段落大意：支持公共交通建设，可以在长期利益上提高财政收入。Accordingtomethegovernmentshouldspendmoremoneyonthepublictransportationasitwillincreasethefiscalincome.Althoughthegovernmenthastoundertaketheheavyinvestmentprogramindevelopingandimprovingthesemeansoftrans
18、portationsandsoitdoesntseemmoreprofitableintheshorttermzbutinthelongrunitcanbeeasilyconvertedintoanimportantsourceofincomeforthestate.Somepeoplethinkgovernmentsshouldspendasmuchmoneyaspossibleexploringouterspace(forexample,travelingtotheMoonandtootherplanets).Otherpeopledisagreeandthinkgovernmentssh
19、ouldspendthismoneyforourbasicneedsonEarth.Whichofthesetwoopinionsdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.有些人认为政府应当尽可能地花钱探索宇宙(比如登月或其他星球)。令有些人认为政府应该把钱用在我们基本的需求上。你赞同哪种观点？1探索宇宙被质疑段落大意：宇宙探索从苏美冷战开始急速发展，但是还有数以万计的人生活在贫困线以下，因此这种活动便受到很大质疑。Spaceexplorationhasadvancedalotthroughthelastyea
20、rs.EspeciallyintheColdWar,wheretheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnioncompetedandinvestedalotinthisfield.Sincethen,U.S.A.keptonwiththisprojectofsendingshipsintoouterspaceandexploringthroughtheendlessuniverselookinghopefullythatsomethingwouldappear.Millionsarespendintheseprojects,butaretheyreallyworthit?Mil
21、lionsofpeoplearelivinginpoverty,starvingtodeath,andthisimperialistcountrycouldn,tcarelessforthem,andisspendinghugeamountofitsbudgetonsendingsomespaceshipstovagueacrosstheuniverse.Asifthiscouldmakeadifference,theyonlyfeelsuperiorbybeingtheonlyoneswhooncestuckaflagontheuselesslittlemoonwehavenearus.2宇
22、宙探索和现实生活的冲突段落大意：在话费巨大代价探索宇宙的同时，还有很多社会问题并没有被解决。Thesecountriesshouldreconsiderthis.Bydoingthistheymakeusthinkthattherearenoproblems,sowhynot?-Letsexpandtootherplanet.Butzthisimperialistmindtheyhaveiswhatmakingthemtakethesedecisions.Theyonlywanttobethebestandiftherestisworst,evenbetter.Maybetheircountr
23、yisfine,lowratesofunemployment,peoplearehappyandproudofbeingpartofthisdevelopedpowerofthefirstworld,butmeanwhile,whiletheysendspaceshipstoJupiterlthereareothercountrieswhocan,tevenhaveaccesstointernet,andtherearemillionsofpeoplewhocazttakehomeapieceofbreadtofeedtheirchildren.3饥荒蔓延段落大意：饥荒是很多贫困线以下的人面临
24、的重大问题，政府应该投入更多人力物力以解决这些问题。Famineisacrisiswherestarvationfromtoolittlefoodresultsinthesharpincreaseofdistressanddeathinoneplace.Developingcountrieswhosefoodproductionisdependentonrainfedagriculturesuffergreatly.Climaterelatedproblemssuchaslowrainfall,droughtaswellasinsectsandvermindohaveadevastatinga
25、ffectoncropsandlivelihood.Toenablethepreventionoffamines,thecausesmustbeaddressed;whetherfamineswillbeeradicatedfromthemodernworldwilltakethedeterminationofallpeoplethosewhodirectlyaffectedandthosewhoarenot.AmartyaSentakesthestandthatfaminesarenottheresultofacountrysinabilitytogrowfoodbutfrompoverty
26、,meaningfamineisaproductofpoverty.4失业率升高段落大意：很多人面临着失业的困扰，政府应该对失业问题予以重视。Peoplewholosetheirjobsbecauseacompanyisgoingoutofbusinessdonothaveachoiceinthematter.Theyhavenotdoneanythingwrong,buthappentobeinthewrongplaceatthewrongtime.Thereareseveralsmallthingsthatabusinessshouldberesponsiblefordoinginthes
27、ecases.Thesethingsinvolve:sufficientamountofnoticebeforetheemployee,sjobisgoingtobeterminated,severancepayzhealthinsurance,supportinhelpingworkersputtogetheraresume,andtimeoffforinterviews.Shouldgovernmentsspendmoremoneyonimprovingroadsandhighways,orshouldgovernmentsspendmoremoneyonimprovingpublictr
28、ansportation(buses,trains,subways)?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstodevelopyouressay.政府是应该花更多的钱改善道路还是改善公共交通工具(比如公共汽车，火车，地铁)？为什么？1公共交通工具的重要作用段落大意：公共交通影响人们生活的各个方面。Transportationaffectseveryaspectofourlivesanddailyroutine,includingwhereweIivezwork,playzshop,gotoschool,etc.Ithasaprofoundimpactonresiden
29、tialpatterns,industrialgrowth,andphysicalandsocialmobility.Roadszhighways,freewaysandmasstransitsystemsdonotspringupoutofthinair.Theyareplanned.Someonemakesaconsciousdecisiontolocatefreeways,busstops,andtrainstationswheretheyarebuilt.Transportationisnolessacivilrightsandqualityoflifeissue.Safetyanda
30、ccessibilityarethemostsignificantconsiderationsintransportationplanning.Zoningandotherpracticesofexclusionresultinlimitedmobilityforpoorpeopleandthoseconcentratedincentralcities.2改善公共交通设施的重要性段落大意：私家交通工具的大量发展造成严重的污染问题，因此改善公共交通设备尤为重要。Overthepastdecadeszautomobileproductionandhighwayconstructionhavemul
31、tiplied,whileurbanmasstransitsystemshavebeendismantledorallowedtofallintodisrepair.Thefinalresulthasmeantmorepollution,trafficcongestion,wastedenergy,urbansprawlzresidentialsegregation,andsocialdisruption.3公共交通设施的享用并不公平段落大意：并不是各个社区都能充分享用公共交通资源，因此应该改善公共交通设施，让大家都能平等的享用。Allcommunitieshavenotreceivedthe
32、samebenefitsfromtransportationadvancementsandinvestments.Someofthegovernmentalpoliciesinhousing,landusezenvironment,andtransportationmayhaveevencontributedtoandexacerbatedsocialinequities.Somecommunitiesaccruebenefitsfromtransportationdevelopmentprojects,whileothercommunitiesbearadisproportionatebur
33、denandpaycostindiminishedhealth.Yourschoolhasreceivedagiftofmoney.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwayforyourschooltospendthismoney?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.你的学校得到一笔钱，最好如何花掉这笔钱？Yourschoolhasenoughmoneytopurchaseeithercomputersforstudentsorbooksforthelibrary.Whichshouldyourschoolchooseto
34、buycomputersorbooks?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourrecommendation.你的学校有一笔钱足够为学生购买计算机或者为图书馆买书。学校该买什么？Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Universitiesshouldgivethesameamountofmoneytotheirstudentssportsactivitiesastheygivetotheiruniversitylibraries.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosu
35、pportyouropinion.对于学生体育运动和图书馆，大学是否应该给相同金额的资金？（图书馆作用）1计算机网络对教育的帮助段落大意：利用计算机和网络对教学很有帮助。Whenwetalkabouttechnologyineducationthefirstandforemostadvancementisthecomputerandinternet.IfastudenthastheEncyclopediaofBritannicaorMicrosoft1sEncartaEncyclopediaonhis/hercomputer,herarelyfindshimselfinalibraryorev
36、enontheinternet.Butforthosewhodonzthavetheseencyclopediashavetheentireworldofinternetinformationattheirfinger-tips.2网络对孩子们学习的益处段落大意：网络为远程教育等科技活动提供了可能性。Internetinitssimplestformenablesonetoaccessemails;thistooisasourceofinformationespeciallyforthosewhoareincontactwiththeirteachersandneedconstantaid.T
37、hosewhohavejoinedDistantLearningEducationprogramsneedinternetandthesnail-mailsystem.Ifthepostagewasunreliableorthemoneytransfersystemwasunpredictablethendistantlearningprogramswouldn,tbesofamousandsought-after.3图书馆的作用段落大意：图书馆是为大家提供知识和信息的地方，应该予以支持。DavenportPublicLibrarysmissionistoserveasaresourcecen
38、terforthecommunityandprovidefreeandequalaccesstoinformation,materials,servicesandprogramsdesignedtomeettheinformationallearning,culturalandrecreationalneedsofourcitizens.Informationisavailableinavarietyofformats,includingelectronicdatabasesandonlineservicessuchastheInternet.Youhavereceivedagiftofmon
39、ey.Themoneyisenoughtobuyeitherapieceofjewelryyoulikeorticketstoaconcertyouwanttoattend.Whichwouldyoubuy?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.你得到一笔钱足以买一件钻石或者买一张音乐会的门票。你买什么？1音乐对孩子的教育作用段落大意：音乐得多样性教育孩子生活的多样性。Musicisanimportantcomponentforallpeopletopossesintheirlives.Achildshouldbeintroducedt
40、omusicataveryyoungage.Theintroductionofeverytypeofmusicfromclassicalallthewaytomodernrockisimportant.Thisgivesachildtheabilitytoformtheirownopiniontowhattheymightlikethebest.Classicalmusiccanteachachildeveryaspectofmusicincludingharmony,themeszdynamics,poly-meterszandpoly-rhythms.Thesearethecomponen
41、tsthatarescarceinmodemmusictoday.Thethreemajorcomponentsofvariationaremelody,rhythmzandmeter.Variationisanimportantkeytoteachachildsothattheyunderstandthattherearemanydifferentwaystoapproachmusicandlife.2音乐是人生活重心段落大意：音乐是生活的重要部分，是情绪表达方式。Musiciscentraltomylife.Withoutmusic,theworldwouldbenaked,coldand
42、quiet.Musiccansettherhythmforalongdayofworkzthemoodforadate,apartyorevenyourwholelife.Itcanwrapyouinablanketwhenyouaredown.MusicisavehicleforexpressingIoveztellingastoryzorshowinghappiness.Myloveformusichasgrownthroughoutthepastfewyearsandcontinuestodosoeventoday.Playingmusicalinstrumentssuchasthevi
43、olin,viola,trumpetandFrenchhornhasdeepenedmyappreciationforthesoundsIhearwhenIlistentomusic.FrompersonalexperienceplayinginconcertsandwritingmyownmusicIhavecapturedtheviewsofbothsidesofmusicsartisticprism:creationandpresentation.Musicistheuniversallanguage.3钻石恒久远一颗永流传段落大意：这句广告词被认为是成功广告语的典范。“ADiamond
44、isForeverzz-isoneofthemostsuccessfulslogansofthetwentiethcentury.TheadvertisingsloganbelongstoDeBeers,theworld*smostsuccessfulmonopolyoftrade.ADiamondisForeverwhasbeenthecenterofDeBeerszefforttoestablishthestoneastheonlyappropriategemtosymbolizelifetimeloveandcommitment.Theslogan,alongwiththe$180mil
45、liondollarsspentyearlyinadvertisingbyDeBeerszhasbeenimmenselysuccessfulasthecompanycontinuestoremaintheleaderofitsindustry-amonopolyofthediamondtrade.4钻石是身份地位财富的象征段落大意：由于钻石的稀少，它成为人们身份地位和财富的象征。ThesloganADiamondisForeverziconcentratesonacombinationofemotionandstatus.ThetruegeniusofDeBeersliesinhavingc
46、reatedaconnectionbetweenhumanloveandpowerwithsomethingthathasnovalueatall.Youcan,teatadiamond,youcanztdriveithomezyoucanztmakeclothesoutofit,youcanztbuildhousesoutofitzyetpeoplearewillingtospendalotofmoneyonadiamondbecausetheyfeelaconnectionthatadiamondbrings.Isitbettertoenjoyyourmoneywhenyouearnito
47、risitbettertosaveyourmoneyforsometimeinthefuture?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.当你赚得一笔钱时是立即花掉好还是存起来为将来用好？1存起来应对紧急状况段落大意：人们都可能遇上紧急情况需要大笔资金，这个时候存的钱就很有帮助。Foremostreasonforsavingthemoneyforfutureuseiswhenyouneedalotofmoneytodealwithsomeemergencycasesthathappentoyou,youshouldnotworryab
48、outthefundorborrowsomemoneyfromeverywhereatthattime.EmergencycouldarriveatanymomentPeoplemightgetunexpectedillnessatanymoment.Toworkoutthisproblempeoplemayneedahugeamountofmoney.Thenthemoneysavedwouldhelpoutalot.2存钱进行旅行和交纳学费段落大意：旅行和学费都需要很大笔资金，存钱为其所用十分必要。Travelmeansalotofmoney.Transpacificairfarecost
49、salotevenitwasaspecialreducedfare.Besides,educationtuitionisgrowingfasterthanbefore.Universitiesshouldspendlotsmoneyonnewtechnologyandotherfacilities;thereforealltheexpenseswillgototheshouldersofstudents.Savingmoneyforthesereasonsisquitenecessaryandprofound.Youhaveenoughmoneytopurchaseeitherahouseorabusiness.Whichwouldyouchoosetobuy?Givespecificreasonstoexplainyourchoice.1购买企业增加工作岗位降低失业率段落大意：失业是很严
