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1、小升初语法总复习,一、词类：这里强调一点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用 is1）名词复数如何加后缀（各种不同情况变化）A.一般情况直接加-sbook-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-bedsB.以s.x.sh.ch结尾加-es：bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peachpeaches glassglassesC.以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-es family-families studystudiesD.以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v，再加-es knife-knivesE.不规则名词复数
2、man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese,一、词类：,练习写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ jui
3、ce_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_,2.人称代词,第三人称,第二人称,第一人称,I，we,主格,you,he,she,it,they,me，us,you,him，herIt them,宾格,3.形容词性物主代词,I you she he it they we,主格：,My your her his its their our,形容词性物主代词:,This is（my/I）mother.2.Nice to meet（your/you）.3.（He/His）name is Mark.4.Whats（she/her）name?5.Excuse（me/my/I）.,6.Are（you
4、r/you）Miss Li?7.（I/My）am Ben.8.（She/Her）is my sister.9.Fine,thank（your/you）.10.How old is（he/his）,exercises,4.指示代词指近处指远处单数this（这个）that（那个）复数these（这些）those（那些）,5.冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于辅音音素前。,6.形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,
5、a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2.形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er；以字母e 结尾，加r；3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。4.不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-more beautiful,二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)（1）在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后（2）副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-
6、better,far-farther),练习,根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.My brother is two years _(old)than me.2.Tom is as _(fat)as Jim.3.Is your sister _(young)than you?Yes,she is.4.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.5.Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers?Hers is.,6.Marys hair is as _(long)as Lucys.7.Ben _(jump)_(high)than so
7、me of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _(well)than Helen?Yes,she _.9.Fangfang is not as _(tall)as the other girls.10.My eyes are _(big)than _(she).11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?,long,jumps,higher,Does,better,does,tall,bigger,her,heavier,earlier,二
8、、否定句be动词（am、is、are）+not、情态动词can+not、助动词（do、does）+not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1.看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+not。2.看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+not。3.如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+not。,三、一般疑问句,（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does，根据句中动词，动词是 原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，（3）在助动词后加not。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有so
9、me的要考虑是否要用any。,常用疑问词：What time 什么时间 问具体时间，如几点Who谁问人 Whose 谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点What 什么问东西、事物What colour什么颜色问颜色How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量（可数名词）问数量How much多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）,五 时态（一）：一般现在时,用法：经常性的和习惯性的动作常用时间状语：usually,sometimes,in spring,every day,in the morning动词构成：动词原型.work 动词+S.（主语是第三人称单数）works否
10、定构成：dont+动原 doesnt+动原,一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语+动原+其它？Yes,I do.Does+主语+动原+其它？No,he doesnt.特殊疑问举例：1.What do you often do on Sundays?2.Where does he live?,1.She _(go)to school at eight oclock.2.Its six oclock.They are _ supper.(eat)3.He usually _ up at 17:00.(get)4.She _(live)in Beijing.,goes,eating,gets,lives,
11、用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当 前一段时间正在进行的动作常用时间状语：now,these days动词构成：am/is/are+现在分词(-ing)am/is/are working否定构成：am/is/are+not+现在分词 For example:Tom is playing football on the playground.,（二）现在进行时,一般疑问构成及简答：Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其它？Yes,I am(he is.)/No,they arent特殊疑问举例：What are you doing now?Who is flying a kite there?,用括
12、号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Look!The children _(swim)in the river.2.Now we _(want)to play basketball.3.-_you _(draw)a picture?-No,Im not.I _(write)a letter.4.-What are you _(do)now?-I _(eat)bread.5.Its nine oclock.My father_(work)in the office.,are swimming,want,Are,drawing,am writing,doing,am eating,is working
13、,6.Look,the boy_(put)the rubbish into the bin.7.-_ he _(clean)the classroom?-No,he isnt.He_(play).8.-Where is Mark?-He_(run)on the grass.9.Listen,who _(sing)in the music room?10.Look!Li Ping and Li Ying _(play)basketball now.,is putting,Is,cleaning,is playing,is running,is singing,are playing,一般过去时,
14、用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作常用时间状语：yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2000,at that time,before liberation，when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。动词构成：动词过去时（-ed）worked work否定构成：didnt+动原 didnt work 一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didnt.,一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？We went to the cinema yesterday.Did you go to the cinema
15、yesterday?特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday?When did he get up this morning?备注：He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着),练习,一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I _ at school just now.2.He _ at the camp last week.3.We _ students two years ago.4.They _ on the farm a moment ago.5.Sally _(be)here just now.(刚才)6._(be)there a fly(苍蝇)o
16、n the table just now?7.There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.,was,Was,were,were,was,was,were,was,was,1.It was exciting.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2.All the students were very excited.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_,二、句型转换,一般将来时,用法：将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语：this evening,t
17、omorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this term动词构成:1.will/shall+动原 2.am/is/are going to+动词原型 3.sm/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4.am/is/are+coming等现在分词否定构成：will/shall not do/a m/is/are not going to do,特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow?When are we going to have a class meeting?备注：在if条件或as soon as等
18、时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I will write to you as soon as I arrived in Beijing.,练习,填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday?I _ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes,she _.She _ _ _ buy some fruit.,am,going,to,will,are,you,going,to,do,am,going,to,will,will,going,to,weekend,Is,is,is,going,to,同学们 再见,
