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1、时态语态,1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时,就用被动语态。2.只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost,have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to,consist of等及物动词或及物的短语动词也没有被动语态。,3.像happen，take place等不及物动词是没有被动语态的。4.带有介词的短语动词的被动语态，不要漏掉介词。如：The children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。,5.以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：系动词feel，l
2、ook，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。如：The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。,write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook,open,close,lock等的否定式或与well,badly,easily等副词连用,主语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现时。如：The book sells well.那本书很畅销。cook，bake，make，print，pack,work out等动词用于进行时态时。如：The fish is c
3、ooking.鱼正在煮。,熟读深思,My dear classmates,I am Lin Fan,chairman of student union.I am writing1 to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our campus:littering and scribbling.It has been making2 our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel ashamed3 whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropri
4、ate for a student to litter and scribble about.Last week,the student union held4 a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems.,We were having5 a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting,the headmaster said that the school had made6 efforts to improve this situ
5、ation and more dustbins would be placed7 around.Recently,the student union has set up8 specific rules against such behaviour.At the same time,all of us should develop good habits and better behave ourselves.We believe that,with the joint efforts of both teachers and students,our school will become9
6、a more enjoyable place in the near future.Yours faithfully,Lin Fan,汉语译文：大家好，我是学校学生会主席李帆，今天写信的目的是希望大家对校园的一些乱扔垃圾以及随意涂写等不文明行为引起关注。这些行为严重影响大家的学习环境。显然，作为一名学生在校园乱扔乱涂是不对的，我也经常对某些同学的不文明行为感到羞愧。上周,学生会开会探讨一些可行措施，期间，校长也抽空加入我们。会后，校长表示学校已经就改善校园环境做出努力，并承诺将在校园设置更多的垃圾箱。近期，学生会也制定了一些相关规章。同时，大家必须做好自己并养成良好的习惯。我们相信，在全体师生
7、的共同努力下，我们的校园环境一定会变得更好。,1.现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作。2.现在完成进行时，表示过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。3.一般现在时。经常性或习惯性动作。4.一般过去时。在过去某个时间里（last week 上周）所发生的动作。5.过去进行时，表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。,熟读深思,6.过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。7.过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外此处主语dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。8.现在完成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
8、。9.一般将来时，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。,时态语态与广东高考,在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。10空中通常有一空是考查时态的，其中，最有可能考的是一般过去时或者是主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时态，以及现在进行时、过去进行时和一般将来时。被动语态是可能要考的内容，特别是一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。若掌握好被动语态，在写作中适当运用，可使句子更加多样化，有时甚至会更加自然、生动。,注意，每年语法填空中有一空是考查非谓语动词的。因此，解题方法如下：首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致
9、四个方面。,在确定谓语动词的时态时，我们可从三个方面来进行判断：1.看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。2.在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。3.看是否是特殊的句型。如：was/were about to do.when.did It is/has been+时间段+since 从句(一般过去时),It had been+时间段+since 从句(过去完成时)It will be+时间段+before 从句(一般现在时)It/This/That is the first time that.have/has done.It/This/That was the first
10、 time that.had done.Hadly had+主语+done.when.did.No soonner had+主语+done.than.did.这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。,请根据以上技巧,完成以下历年高考试题。1.(2007年)The sun was setting when my car _(break)down near a remote village.,该空是when 引导的时间状语从句主语my car的谓语。从句中没有时间状语或时间状语从句,但主句的谓语动词was setting用了过去进行时,同时此句也是一个特殊的句型：.was/were doing.whe
11、n.did.此句型中的when 意为at that time,因此可判断此谓语应用一般过去时。此外,主语my car 与谓语之间的关系是主动关系,同时主语也是单数。综合考虑可得此题答案为broke。,broke,2.(2008年)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention.,空格处是主语Being too anxio
12、us to help an event develop的谓语,本句的状语是often,上句的谓语is saying是现在进行时,可知此句谓语应用一般现在时。此外,主语与谓语result in(导致)之间的关系应为主动关系,同时,主语是动名词短语,谓语动词应用单数。因此,此题答案应为：results。,results,3.(2009年)People stepped on your feet or _(push)you with their elbows,hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.Her mother was excited.“Your father h
13、as at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane _(inform).,前空是主语people的谓语,上文的并列谓语是stepped,可知时态,语态与主谓一致。因此,此题的答案应为：pushed。后空是主语Jane的谓语,上文的谓语was 是一般过去时,此外,主语Jane与谓语inform(告知)之间的关系是被动关系(被告知),同时主语Jane是单数。因此,此题答案应为：was informed。,pushed,was informed,4.(2010年)He filled his leather container so that he could bring
14、 some back to an elder who had been his teacher.After a four-day journey,the young man _(present)the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled warmly,and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.,该空是主语the young man的谓语,本句的状语是After a four-day journey,上句的谓语是filled,下句的谓语是took,sm
15、iled,和thanked,可知本句的谓语用一般过去时。此外,主语the young man与谓语present(送)的关系应是主动关系,主语是单数。因此,此题答案应为：presented。,presented,5.(2011年)I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He _(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.,该空是主语 He 的谓语,上句谓语是got,found和n
16、oticed,本句后有并列谓语动词giving,可知本句谓语应用过去进行时。主语与谓语应为主动关系,主语也是单数。因此,此题答案应为：was pretending。,was pretending,1.If you dont like the drink you _(order)just leave it and try a different one.,灵活运用,根据此句意可知,“点饮料”已经发生了,否则怎么知道自己不喜欢呢？所以空格处用一般过去时。,ordered,2.Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _(do).,句意是：我一
17、完成我做的工作就去图书馆。由于“去图书馆”用的是一般将来时,说明要完成的工作是“现在”正在做的事情,故用现在进行时。,am doing,3.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _(give)in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.,根据句中的was worried about和everything was going on smoothly可知选用过去进行时。句意为：经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。但幸运的是，一切
18、进展顺利。,was giving,4.It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend)since I came to this school.,当一个受最高级形容词修饰的名词受到定语从句的修饰时，该定语从句既可用一般过去时，也可用现在完成时，但由于其后接了一个since引导的时间状语从句，故空格处应填现在完成时。,have attended,5.In the last few years thousands of films _(produce)all over the world.,时间状语in the last few years通常要
19、与现在完成时连用。,have been produced,6.Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _(receive)from China.,从时间上看,应该是先得到援助,然后才表示感谢,由于“表达”用的是一般过去时(expressed),所以“得到援助”就应用过去完成时（had received）。,had received,7.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son _(graduate)from college.
20、显然，儿子大学毕业在先,杰克返回家在后。而“返回”家用的是一般过去时（returned）,故儿子大学毕业要用过去完成时（had graduated）。,had graduated,8.Tom _(work)in the library every night over the last three months.因over the last three months这类时间状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。,has been working,9.Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know.By next month,he _ _(save)enoug
21、h for a used one.,表示到将来某时(next month)为止预计要完成的情况,英语要用将来完成。,10.Is everyone here？Not yet.Look,there _(come)the rest of our guests!,由于以here和there开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态,又因为句子主语the rest of our guests为复数,故填come。,come,11.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.,根据句
22、意,此处谈的是一般情况,要用一般现在时;由于one of the women前有only修饰,说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的,而不是修饰women的,所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数;故填wears。,wears,12.Every few years,the coal workers _(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.,根据句中的every few years(每隔几年)可知,动作带有经常性和规律性,故用一般现在时。,have,13.The book has been translated into thirty langua
23、ges since it _(come)on the market in 1973.主句用现在完成时,since引导的从句用一般过去时。14.When you are home,give a call to let me know you _(arrive)safely.根据常识,说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安,故选现在完成时。,came,have arrived,15.Up to now,the program _(save)thousands of children who would otherwise have died.,短语up to now的意思是“到现在为止”,
24、指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间,通常与现在完成时连用。,has saved,16.For many years,people _(dream)of electric cars.However,making them has been more difficult than predicted.,根据句意和句中的时态以及for many years(多年来)可知,要用现在完成时。,have dreamed,17.In the near future,more advances in the robot technology _(make)by scientists.,根据句意和空格后的介词
25、by可知,空格处应用被动语态;再根据句中的in the near future可知,应用一般将来时。,will be made,18.Experiments of this kind _ _(conduct)in both the U.S and Europe well before the Second World War.,由于主语experiments(实验)与动词conduct(实施)之间为被动关系,故谓语动词应用被动语态;又因为the Second World War为过去时间,所以before the Second World War就是“过去的过去”,因此用过去完成时。,19.A
26、fter getting lost in a storm,a member of the navy team _(rescue)four days later.,由于“海军士兵”与“营救”之间为被动关系,故应用被动语态;再根据four days later可知用一般过去时。,was rescued,20.All visitors to this village _(treat)with kindness.,根据句意可知,visitors(游客)与treat(对待)之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;由于句中没有相应的过去时间,故用一般现在时。句意为:所有来访这个村庄的客人都会受到友好对待。,are
27、treated,21.The church tower which _ _(restore)will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.,根据句中的.will be open to tourists soon(不久将对游客开放)以及 The work is almost finished(工程差不多快结束了)可知,the church tower的修复工程还正在进行,故用现在进行时的被动语态。,22.This coastal area _(name)a national wildlife reserve last year
28、.,由于this coastal area与name之间为被动关系,再根据句中的last year可知,用一般过去时的被动语态。,was named,23.Linda,make sure the tables _(set)before the guests arrive.,由于table(桌子)与set(摆,放置)之间为被动关系,要用被动语态;又因为make sure后接从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,故用一般现在时的被动语态。,are set,24.Youve failed to do what you _(expect)to and Im afraid the teacher will
29、 blame you.,由expect sb.to do sth.(期待某人做某事)可知,you与expect为被动关系,要用被动语态;意思是指没有做“过去安排好要做的事”,于是担心受惩罚,故用一般过去时的被动语态。,were expected,25.People say that a smile can _ _(pass)from one person to another,but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.,因a smile与pass是被动关系,故用被动语态,注意情态动词后用原形。,be passed,26.When
30、research _(assign),the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.,谓语动词,因research(研究工作)与assign(分配)是被动关系,又根据前后时态(如expects)可知,此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。,is assigned,27.The meeting _(hold)tomorrow.因会议是被举行,tomorrow表明用一般将来时。28.All the tickets _(sell)out when they rush
31、ed there.因rushed是过去的动作,在此之前就是过去的过去,用过去完成时;票被卖完,故用过去完成时的被动语态。,will be held,had been sold,29.The cloth _(wash)well.因这种布料本身的品质决定着好洗,用主动形式表被动含义。30.The door wont _(shut).由主语的内在品质问题使得谓语不能实现,即门坏了不能关,用主动形式表被动含义。,washes,shut,二、语篇填空,Welcome to our school.Id like to introduce you plans for our school.A lot of
32、work 1 _(do)in the past few years.The library 2 _(complete)and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.,1.由时间状语in the past few years可知。2.根据is ready for use可推出。,has been done,has been completed,A new biology lab 3 _(build)this year.But we dont have enough money for the equipment.Students i
33、n all grades 4 _(collect)money.The money which is collected 5 _(spend)on new equipment.,3.根据句末的this year可知用进行时态。4.根据上下文可知。5.根据句意可知。,is being built,are collecting,will be spent,At present,a plan 6 _(make)for a party at the end of the term,at which wonderful performances 7 _(put)on.The gardens of the
34、school 8 _ _(improve)this year.,6.由At present可知用进行时态。7.根据上下文可知。8.根据句意可知。,is being made,will be put,New trees 9 _(plant)which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 _ _(paint)during the summer holidays.In fact,our school is becoming more and more beautiful.,9.根据句意可知。10.根据during the summer
35、 holidays可知。,are being planted,假如你是某报社的英文记者,请就以下内容写一篇英文报道。1.2011年11月28日,东北林业大学学生冯春菲、田文成和另一名同学看见一位老人跌倒在学校食堂前面的地上,他们扶他站起来,送他回到学校附近他所住的小区(estate)并通知他的家人。2.冯春菲打了120急救电话之后,他们就和老人及其妻子一直在那等,直到救护车到达。,三、写作运用,3.医生说如果老人晚一点送来医院,他的状况会恶化。4.在老人病愈后,他和家人想找到帮助他的三个男孩并亲自向他们表示感谢,在学校的帮助下,他们终于找到了。5.使大家高兴的是,冯春菲说只有人人都去帮助有需要
36、的老人,他们的生活才会更好，冯春菲和他的同学们被东北林业大学誉为“优秀共青团员”。,On November 28,2011,Feng Chunfei,Tian Wencheng and another boy,who are all from Northeast Forestry University,saw an old man fall down in front of the school canteen,so they helped him to stand up and sent him to his estate near the school to inform his fami
37、ly.Then,Feng called 120 and they waited there with the old man and his wife until the ambulance got there in time to save his life.The doctor said if the old man had been sent to hospital later,his condition would have worsened.,三、写作运用,Therefore,after the old mans recovery from the illness,he and hi
38、s family wanted to find out the three boys who had helped him to thank them personally and they finally did with the help of the school.To everyones delight,Feng Chunfei said that only when everyone could give a hand to the old in need would the old enjoy a better life,so Feng Chunfei and his classmates were honored as“Outstanding Youth League Member”by Northeast Forestry University.,
