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1、The Noun Clauses名词性从句复习,Find the clauses and tell the function of them.,1.You know that my flat is opposite to this building.2.That my flat is opposite to this building is known to you all.3.It is known to you all that my flat is opposite to this building.4.The fact that my flat is opposite to this
2、building is known to you all.5.I am worried about whether you can find my flat.6.What I am worried about is whether you can find my flat.,Object Clause,Subject Clause,Subject Clause,Appositive Clause,Object Clause,Subject Clause,Predictive Clause,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中
3、能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接连词：连接代词：连接副词：,that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分）,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which，whichever,when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,1.引导主语从句的连接词可分为三类：连接连词：连接代词：连接副词：,that,whether(不充当从句的任何成分）,what,whatever,who,wh
4、oever,whom,whose,which,whichever,when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,e.g.:Whether it is true remains a problem.That he will win is certain.Whose bag it is can not be told.Whatever he said was right.Whoever goes there must get ready by 6 oclock.Why he came here is not known.When well start will be t
5、old soon.,2.主语从句注意点。,(1)主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.e.g.:误:When will he come is not known.,(2)连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.e.g.:误:He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,正:When he will come is not known.,正:That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,(3)whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.e.g.:_
6、his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if,B,(4)whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主语从句,但 no matter who,no matter what 等不能.,e.g.:Whoever breaks the school rules must be punished.,试比较：Whoever breaks the schools rules,he must be punished.=No matter who break
7、s the school rules,he must be punished.,让步状语从句,(5)为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,It+be+形容词(clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful)+that从句It+be+-ed分词(known/reported/thought/said/hoped)+that从句It+be+名词(a pity/a shame/an honor/a fact/a surprise)+that从句It+不及物动词(seems/appears/happens/occurred to
8、 sb)+that从句,1.宾语从句的连接词：,与主语从句相同,2.宾语从句注意点。,(1)宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.(2)引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.(3)whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但:(1)当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.e.g.:I dont know _or not I will stay.(2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.e.g.:I worry about _ I hurt her feeling.,whether,whether,(4)that在宾语从句中的省略与保留1)在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从
9、句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.e.g.:We must make it clear that we mean what we say.2)由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,that 不省略.e.g.:He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.,1.表语从句的连接词：,基本上与主语从句的连接词相同。连词除了that,whether(不用if)外,还可以用because。在连系动词seem,look之后还可用as though(as if).,e.g.:That is how mice ruin man
10、y stores of grain every year.The question was when the butcher was likely to come back from the town.The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India.That is what he told us.It seems as if it is going to rain.,2.表语从句注意点。,(1)表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.(2)表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.(3)表语从句只能用whethe
11、r,而不能用if 引导.(4)不要使用 The reason is because 句型,应使用 The reason is that 或 This/it/that/is because等句型.e.g.:今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.误:The reason why he was late this morning is because there was a lot of traffic on the road.,正:The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the r
12、oad.或:He was late this morning.That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.,1.同位语从句的引导词:that2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句;如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句.e.g.:(1)I had no idea that it was so late.(同位语从句)(2)I still remember the place that we visited last year.(定语从句),3.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常
13、见的有:idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word 等.e.g.:The fact that he was killed made us surprised.I have no idea when he will be back.We heard the news that our team had won.,1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is
14、still unknown to many._2.The news that is spreading around the airport is coming._3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering._4.The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again._ 5.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
15、_,判断：定语从句(AC),同位语从句(APC),APC,AC,APC,AC,APC,Summary1:that/whether/what,That I failed in the exam disappointed my parents.I dont think that she is right.The news that our team won the match inspired us.The reason is that he is careless.,that,无,无,(),主语,表语,同位语从句不能省,1.Some researchers believe that there
16、is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.(05广东卷)2.We doubt _ he will defeat the others.3.The problem is _ we have enough time.4.It doesnt matter _ you come or not5.It all depends on _the sky is going to clear up.A.if B.that C./D.whether,whether/if,that,whether,whether,whether,是否,无,1）that 与whether
17、 的区别,whether,2）whether 和if 的区别,1)主语从句/表语从句/同位语从句/介词后用whether 2)Whether or not 连用;whether还可接不定式。,That表确定whether表不确定,1._(What/That/whether)makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(06辽宁)2._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;wha
18、t3._made the school proud was more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What,whether B.What,that C.That,what D.That,because,What,what,主/宾/表/定,有,表 的事;物;话;时间等不同概念,what与 that 的区别,Summary2:what/which,what 表什么（无选择范围）which表选择,哪一个（有选择范围）,1.-Do you know_ Mr.Blacks address is?-He m
19、ay live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street.Im not sure of _.2.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?（01北京春季）,what,which,which,There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _to buy.(94)A.what B.which C.how D.where,many kinds of tape-recorders,Su
20、mmary3:whatever/whoever/however/whichever/,请你归纳：,_等同类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 _等只能引导让步状语从句。,whatever,No matter what,Whatever等no matter what等,_ you go and_ you do,Ill be right here waiting for you.,wherever,whatever,No matter where,no matter what,把你需要的任何东西带走，别管我。Take _and leave me alone.违反法律的任何人应受到惩
21、罚。_ should be punished.,whatever you need,Whoever breaks the law,用适当的连接词填空1.We heard the news_ our team had won the gold medal.2.Word came_ Napoleon was coming to inspect them.3.You have no idea _ excited I was at the news.4.They raised the question_ the work was worth doing.5.They asked the questio
22、n _ he was late for the meeting.6.There can be no doubt _he is qualified for the job.7.I wondered _ you were so angry.8.It all depends on _ they will support us.9.I cant imagine _made him act like that.10.Im delighted _I have passed the exam.11.I find it necessary _ we should do the homework.,that,t
23、hat,how,whether,why,that,why,whether,what,that,that,12.I have no idea _he was absent again.13.The question_ should do the work needs consideration.14.I found it strange_ she had not finished it yet.15._we need is more practice.16.I remember _ this used to be a quiet village.17.He found the island an
24、 excellent place for his experiments except_ the weather is hot.18._ does wrong is to answer for it in the end.,why,who,that,What,that,when,Whoever,Rule1:what&that,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句，宾语从句,同位语从句,主语、表语、宾语,仅引导从句,不做从句中任何成份,保留疑问（“什么”）的意义相当于all that或the thing(s)that,无任何实际意义,选择:that/what,1._ he
25、 wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that
26、,what,Rule2:whether&if,主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及介词宾语从句都用whether 引导。if 和whether引导宾语从句，但是whether可以连用or not，if 不能；whether可接在介词后面或不定式前面，而if不能。,1._ he will go or not is not clear.2.The question is _the TV play is worth watching.3.The news _our team has won the match is unknown.4.Im interested in _ hell come or n
27、ot.5.I want to know _you have received my invitation.,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,Rule3:名词性从句的语序问题,名词性从句要用陈述语序，且从句的引导词必须始终置于句首,1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.(92)A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like2.You can
28、t imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.(96上海)A.how they were excited B.how excited they wereC.how excited were they D.they were how excited,Rule4:名词性从句的主谓一致和时态问题,1.主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。e.g.:When the meeting will
29、 begin _(not be)decided yet.When they will start and where they go _(not be)decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin _(not be)decided.,has not been,have not been,has not been,2.宾语从句的时态与句子的主干部分保持一致。但如果从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等，应用一般现在时。e.g.:Our physics teacher once told us that light _(travel)faster th
30、an sound.,travels,3.What 作主语，谓语动词单复数看后面的名词。e.g.:What he bought yesterday _(be)coffee.What he bought yesterday _(be)three bags.What we need now_(be)more books.What we need now _(be)more practice.,was,were,are,is,动词doubt如用于肯定句,其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导,如用于否疑句,则宾语从句用that引导。I doubt _our football team will w
31、in the match.I dont doubt _ I can defeat him in the concert.,Rule5:doubt,if/whether,that,当主句是I/We think(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时,其后的宾语从句若是否定形式,常把否定词not从从句中转到主句中,成为否定转移。e.g.:We dont believe that he will win the game.若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill.我想你没有生病吧。,Rule6:名词性从句中的否
32、定转移,在 hope,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,think,expect,tell,say,fear 以及 be afraid 等词语后，可用 so 代替一个宾语从句(指代上文涉及之事)。e.g.:-Is he going to study abroad?他打算去留学吗？-I believe so./I believe not.或 I dont believe so.但不说 I dont hope/guess/fear so,也不说Im not afraid so.而只能用I hope/guess/fear not.,Rule7:其它,高考题演练：,1.(08
33、山东,23)_ was most important to her was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.As2.(09北京,31)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got any better.A.when B.how C.why D.if3.(06全国I,23）See the flags on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning.A.when B.which C.
34、where D.what4.(09浙江,12）Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?-No problem.A.when B.that C.whether D.what,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,5.(05山东,26)The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for_ he thought was not enough.A.where B.how C.what D.which6.(06全国I,16)-What did your parents think about
35、 your decision?-They always let me do _I think I should.A.when B.that C.how D.what 7.(08浙江)_ want to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A.Anyone B.The one C.Whoever D.Who8.(06,浙江)_is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.A.As B.That C.This
36、D.It 9.(09江西,33)The fact has worried many scientists_ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.which C.though D.that,10.(09辽宁,29）Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A.that B.what C.as D.which11.(09四川8)News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been ad
37、mitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where12.(09天津9)It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that13.(06上海)One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.A.how B.why C.that D.when,14.(上海0
38、1年春季）What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A.when B.how C whether D.why 15.(06江苏)We havent settled the question of_ it is necessary for him to study abroad A if B where C whether D that 16.(96 NMET)_well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.I
39、f B.Whether C.That D.Where17.(00NMET)_she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.That;what B.What;why C.What;because D.Why;that,18.(09湖南)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever
40、19.(09海南)Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?who B.what C.whoever D.whatever20.(96 NMET)_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what21.(07 全国卷II)_ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which22.(
41、08天津卷)The last time we had great fun was _we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why,23.(NMET 1995)is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It24.(NMET 1999)-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that_ you had a few days
42、off?A.why B.when C.what D.where25.(NMET 2001春)I read about it in some book or other,does it matter it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which26.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever,27.(上海2002)Perseverance is a kind of quality
43、-and thats _it takes to do anything well.A.what B.that C.which D.why28.(NMET 2002)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,I will always treasure.A.that B.one C.it D.what29.(上海2002)Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C.of which D.wha
44、t30.(上海2003)There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need.A.that,to be improved B.which,to be improvedC.where,improving D.when,improving,31.(2004全国卷I)You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how32.(2005浙江卷)Daniel left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A.who B.that C.as D.which33.(04天津卷)A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.where,Thank you,
