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1、语法专项复习,-Object Clause宾语从句,城北中学 都喜梅,一、宾语从句的概念,宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)I know him.（代词作宾语）I know Mr Li teaches English.(句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句,二、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,时 态,语 序,（一）连接词,1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词who whom whose what which4.连接副词when why where how。,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
2、,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时,由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Ask him _.（他是否能来）2.I dont k
3、now _.（是否要下雨）,whether(if)he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.,If 与whether 的区别,I dont know _ he will come or not.I dont care of _ he is handsome.He wondered _ to stay here the next week._ he will come is not decided.,与or not 连用只能用whether,介词后只能用whether,与to do
4、 不定式连用只能用whether,作主语只能用whether,由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词 when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,（二）语序：陈述句语序,即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分）将下列句子换成陈述句语序 1.Is there a bank ne
5、ar here?2.Are they doing homework?,（三）时态(时态一致性）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从 句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think(that)you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr.Smith moved here?,任 何,2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was born in Bei
6、jing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S.soon.,过去,3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用 _ 时态。例如：The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.,一般现在,三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:(1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail.I hope
7、to receive your e-mail_.,(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(2)She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know_.(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(3)Will you please show me how I can work it out?Will you please show me _.(四）当
8、直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/orderSb.(not)to do sth 结构。eg:(4)A:Please be quiet.B:What did Bill say?A:He asked us to be quiet.,what to do next,how to work it out,四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:(5)I dont think he will com
9、e with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(6)I dont believe he has finished the work,_?(7)He knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。,has he,didnt he,Do you know _?A.where does she live B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live2.Hi
10、s parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has done D.will do,C,B,巩固练习：,I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。,4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour,but could not find _?what Lily was B.what was LilyC.where Lily was D.where was Lily,C,3.We dont know _.-It is said that he was bo
11、rn in Canada.what he is B.when he was born C.where he comes from D.if he lives here,C,5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.,A.took B.take C.takes D.will take,6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.,A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled,A,C,7.Could you please tell
12、 me _ he will come here tomorrow?A.if B.weather C.what D.which,A,8.Could you tell me _?,A.when will they leave Beijing,B.when would they leave Beijing,C.when they will leave Beijing,D.when did they leave Beijing,C,II.改错：,1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.,_,Miss Zhang asked me why I wa
13、s late for school.,2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.,_,Father told me the sun always rises in the east.,3.He doesnt know that when she can come back.,_,He doesnt know when she can come back.,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)Tom says t
14、hat they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.I hear he _(return)it already.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk
15、)I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be),will be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were doing,10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Fe
16、ng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,主句时态,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you say at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do th
17、ey like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that
18、 he would come back.,6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the stat
19、ion?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,宾 语 从 句 小 结,一.结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+that+主语+谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+if(whether)+主语+谓语部分3.当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语+谓语部分二主从时态关系 主句 从句一般现在时 一般过去时 3.(特殊):任何时态(客观、自然现象)三.语序：陈述语序,时态不变,时态相应变化,一般现在时,Goodbye!,
