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1、,现在完成时,the Present Perfect Tense,have/has+动词的过去分词或have/has done,现在完成时的构成：have/has+动词的过去分词,注：动词过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化，规则变化的动词过去分词与过去式是一样的，不 规则变化的动词须特殊记忆。,规则动词过去分词的构成,1.一般在动词后直接加-ed,构成规则,2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d,3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的 重读闭音节词，先双写这 个辅音字母，再加-ed,4.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed,例词,look looked,play played,l
2、ive lived,hope hoped,stop stopped,plan planned,study studied,carry carried,写出下列动词的过去分词：,worklikecrystaylearn,usehelpfinishcookarrive,worked,liked,cried,stayed,learned,used,helped,finished,cooked,arrived,不规则动词过去分词的构成,1.三个主要动词,is,ambe are,waswere,been,have/has,had,had,do/does,did,done,2.AAA型（三者一致）,cut
3、 cut cut,let let let,put put put,cost cost cost,read read read,beat beat beat,hurt hurt hurt,3.ABA型（过去分词与原形一致）,come came come,become became become,run ran run,4.ABB型（过去分词与过去式一致）,bring brought brought,find found found,hear heard heard,keep kept kept,make made made,此外还有babysit，build，buy，catch，feed，fee
4、l，fight，forget，hang，hold，lay，learn，leave，lie，lose，mean，meet，pay，say，,sell，send，show，sit，sleep，spell，spend，stand，sweep，teach，tell，think,win 等等。,5.ABC型（三者不一致）,eat ate eaten,give gave given,write wrote written,see saw seen,get got gotten,begin began begun,此外还有go,take,know,speak,swim等等。,.肯定句：主语 have/has
5、+过去分词其他成分。,现在完成时态的句式：,.否定句：主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。,3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语过去分词其他成分？,4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？,肯定句：I have cleaned my bedroom.,否定句：I havent cleaned my bedroom.,一般疑问句：Have you cleaned your bedroom?,特殊疑问句：What have you done?,1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,例如I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。（
6、“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）I have just had my breakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just（刚刚）,already（已经）,before,yet（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还）never,ever等状语连用 I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that alr
7、eady.Ive just finished my homework.He has not come yet.,现在完成时的用法：,1.表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,1）标志词:,already:yet:,多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句末。,e.g.I have already finished my homework.,用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。,e.g.Have you found your lost book yet?I havent had breakfast yet.,ever:never:,多用于疑问句，问初次经历。,e.g.Have you e
8、ver been to Beijing?,用于否定句，位于have/has后,e.g.He has never argued with other people.,just:before:,多用于陈述句，位于have/has后,e.g.Lucy has just washed her clothes.,可用于各句式，位于句尾。,e.g.I have read this book before.He hasnt been abroad before.Have you flown to Hainan before?,2）无标志词的：,e.g.He is not feeling well now.H
9、e has caught a cold.I have lost the key.I cant go into my room.,2.表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作 或状态。,标志词:,1）for+一段时间e.g.We have lived in this city for ten years.,2）since+过去点时间 since+一段时间+ago since+从句（从句用一般过去式）e.g.He has worked here since 1990.She has taught in this school since two years ago.We have known each
10、 other since we met.,How long,3）so far,once/twice/three times,all ones life,e.g.They have learnt 2000 words so far.Tom has seen the film twice.Her father has worked in the factory all his life.,4）in the past+一段时间 during the last+一段时间,e.g.They have built many high buildings in the past three years.,G
11、reat changes have taken place in my hometown during the last two years,注意点三：have been in,have been to 与have gone to 的用法1、have(has)been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)been
12、to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)gone to
13、意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。,3.have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in,曾经去过某地，现不在那里了,到某地去了，现已在那里或在途中,在某地呆了多长时间,1.A:Wheres Jim,Li Lei?B:He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for
14、 three years.3.We _the Great Wall twice.Its very beautiful.,has gone to,have been in,have been to,翻译下列句子,她曾经去过上海。,She has been to Shanghai before.,他在上海10年了。,He has been in Shanghai for ten years,他去上海了。,He has gone to Shanghai.,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与
15、现在无关。,He has studied English for five years.,He studied English for five years.,（学习英语已经五年了，现在仍然在学）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,Put the following sentences into English.A:火车已经开走了.B:什么时候开走的?A:半个小时之前开走的.A:这本书我已经买了两年了.B:你在哪儿买的?A:在我老家买的.A:你看过这部电影吗?B:看过.A:什么时候看的.B:上周星期天看的.,A:The train has left.,B:When did it l
16、eave.,A:It left half an hour ago.,A:have you seen the film?B:Yes,I have.A:When did you see it?B:I saw it last Sunday.,A:Ive had the book for two years.B:Where did you buy it?A:I bought it in my hometown.,EXERCISE,He _(work)in our school for one year.He _(come)to our school last year/in 2002.They _(c
17、ook)the supper already.They _(cook)the supper half an hour ago.,has worked,came,have cooked,cooked,注意：表示短暂动作的瞬间性动词，如come、go、buy等的完成时态就不能与for、since 等表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以与这类词相应的延续性动词或短语连用。试一试，改错 1 I have come to Jianyang for ten years.（）2 His father has died since he was five years old.（）,have been in,has
18、been dead,瞬间动词的用法口诀；现在完成在瞬间，非延只连时间点，终止 须转换，否定方可碰一段说明：1 瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词或终止性动词，它可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间；如果要接一段时间，就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。2 瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式中可以接一段时间。,在现在完成时态中，短暂性动词不能持续，不能与for火since引导的时间状语连用，因此，得把短暂性动词转化为延续性动词短语。,die-be dead，borrow-keep，buy-have，come-be in，finish-be over，leave-be away，begin-be on，open-
19、be open，close-be closed，join-be in，fall asleep-be asleep,1.I have bought the book for two years。改错2.She has left since 2009。3.I have borrowed the book since two days ago.,I have had the book for two years.,She has been away since 2009.,I have kept the book since two days ago.,瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换,come/go b
20、e(in)leave be away borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on go out be offgo out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married(to)be married(to)begin to work/study/live work/study/leavefall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of,1.I have borrowe
21、d the book for 2 weeks.()2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.(),A B C,A B C,B kept,B been on,3.这辆自行车我买了两年了。Ive _ the bike _ two years.,4.He left Nanjing two years ago.He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,5.The monkey died last month.The monkey _ _ _ for a month.,6.A:Hong long _ you _()B:Two weeks.A.did,
22、get ill B.have,fallen ill C.were,ill D.have,been ill,had for,has been away from,has been dead,D,2.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.is writing.was writing.wrote.has written,3.Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.has changed;well.changed;good.has changed;better.
23、changed;better,4.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.will see.have seen.saw.see,1.Have you met Mr Li _？.just B.ago.before.a moment ago,C,5.These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When _ there?.will they go.did they go.do they go.have they gone,6._ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished.Have;done;have finished.will;do;finish,B,B,
