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1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句全面复习讲解与练习,定语从句复习,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句的构成,The old lady who lives next to us sells books.You should do all that I said.I have found the teather whom I am looking for.I visited the factory where
2、my father works.,关系代词 关系副词,先行词 之后,用陈述式语序,“.的”,关系词,1.从句位置及语序:,2.翻译方法:,3.构成,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly.2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine=that,th
3、e boy=who,the boys=whose,in the school=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.,先行词和关系词的关系,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,Join
4、 the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The lady is Green.We saw her yesterday.,her,The lady,we saw yesterday is Green,Who/that,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,三、关系代词,关系代词的用法练习,1.The
5、eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.,The eggs(that/which)I bought them were not fresh.,The fr
6、iend who/that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,He prefers the cheese that/which it comes from his parents farm.,The noodles(which/that)you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that/who they smoke a lot.,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house
7、 where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.,on the day=when,in the house=where,for the reasons=why,in the way=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。,This is the book whose cover is
8、blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.,The boss of the company told the story aboutMs King.His name was Mr Little.,His,The boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.,his,难用的 whose,The teacher praised the student.His Engl
9、ish is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.,Join the following pair of sentences.,whose=the students,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,难用的 whose,The house is mine.The window of the house is broken.,Join the following pair of sentences.,The house whose wind
10、ow is broken is mine.,whose=the houses window,The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,whose 引导的定语从句。,表示所属关系。,The river _ banks are covered with trees flows ti the sea.,whose,There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgroun
11、ds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose,非限制性定语从句,The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.,Please compare:,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,不能,能,.的,Teachers who are ki
12、nd are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句
13、和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,The watch that I bought yesterday works well.Shakespeare,whose plays are very popular,was a great writer.,His son who is a doctor is now visiting the USA.His son,who is a doctor,is now visiting the USA.,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed
14、 in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.,4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them,that,1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.,which,as 引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round._ is known
15、to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.,It,which/as,As,It,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 与which的区别,1.固定句型：The same.as;such.asI shall do it in the same wa
16、y as you did.I want to buy such a book as you have.2.说明整个句子，可放在主句前As we all know=As is known to all,he studies hard.As is said above,.As is often the case,.As is reported in the newspaper,.,He is often late,which/as is not surprising.He failed in the exam,which made his mother very angry.His dog die
17、d,which made him very sad.,as 引导的非限制性定语从句(1),This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as 引导的限制性定语从句(2),This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we al
18、l like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man who/whom y
19、ou spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 3,Is this the watch that you
20、are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,注意：如何判断介词,The girl _ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.,1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,for,on,2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,He referred me to some reference bo
21、oks _ which I am not very familiar.Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish,_ all of which activities dolphins are expert.,with,in,3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配,The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.This is our classroom,
22、_ which there is a teachers desk.,at,in the front of,The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _ are women.The book contains 50 poems,most of _ was written in 1930s.There are two left,one of _ is almost finished,and the other of _ is not quite.I have a sentence,the meaning of _ I dont understand.,wh
23、om,which,which,which,which,名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom,特殊情况,I dont like the way _he speaks to me.This is the first time_I have been here.,that/省,that/省,1.Do you like the book she spent$10?2.Do you like the book she paid$10?3.Do you like the book she learned a lot?4.Do you like the book she often talks?5.
24、He built a telescope he could study the skies.,介词+关系代词的情况 练习,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,6.There is a tall tree outside,stands our teacher.7.China has a lot of rivers,the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8.The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9.The m
25、an _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。,All _ can be done has been done.Do you have anything _ yo
26、u dont understand?There is little _ can be believed about it.The book doesnt say much _ amuses children.,that,that,that,that,1.先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。,Ive read all the books _ you lent me.No sample _ we nave received is satisfactory.Please sen
27、d us any information _ you have about the subject.He is the only person _ was present at the time.,that,that,that,that,2.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,Hamburg is the most beautiful city _Ive ever seen.This is the best TV _ is made in China.The first museum
28、_ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,that,3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,This is the first/second/last book(that)he has read.,The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,
29、death,harm,etc.,that,that,4.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.,5.关系代词在从句中作表语，或先行词指物且在主句中作表语.,My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.,He didnt become the kind of person that his father wanted him to be.,It is a song that is very popular.,It s a book that will help you a lot.,Who _ you have ever
30、 seen can do it better?Who _ you are talking to is the young fellow?,that,that,6.Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that。,Well done!,不管先行词是人还是物,只用that的两种情况:,Which is the subject(that)you are going to learn next term?,Who is the man that came to see you just now?,2.关系代词在从句中作表语时：He is no longer the man(that)he used to b
31、e.,1.由which和who开头的问句中避免重复,三、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况,He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time
32、.,which,which,who,whom,在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。,Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very much.,which,which,which,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。,在下列情况指人只能用 who 而不用thatOne who has nothing to
33、fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who are often late should be punishedDont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.1.先行词是one/ones/anyone 时要用who,Those who break the law are
34、punished.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.He who laughs last laughs best.He who breaks the law is punished.2.先行词为 those,he 时用“who”而不用“that”.,在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which 做关系代词的情况,在介词后面,下列情况只能用which,His dog,which was very old now,becam
35、e ill and died.Which is the car,the owner of which you know?1.非限定性的定语从句2.介词后面,关系副词when,where,why的用法,Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.Ill never forget the factory where my father worked.Tell me the reason why you came late.,=on which,=in which,=for which,Where 引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点
36、意义的抽象名词，用引导定语从句。从句做状语。,This is the town where(=in which)I spent my childhood.The table where(=at which)she is sitting is a new one.Ill show you the paint where you failed.,When 引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句。从句作状语。,Ill never forget the day when(=on which)I met you.This was the time when(=at which)
37、he left for Bijing.We will put off the outing until next week,when we wont be busy.,why引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示原因的名词，用引导定语从句。从句作状语。,This is the reason why(=for which)I didnt come here.,The reason _ she gave was not true.,whichthat,注意 1,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,The library _ students often study was on
38、fire last night.The library,_ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.,where,which,which,注意,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I sent on campus.Ill never forget the time _
39、 was spent with you.,when,whichthat,whichthat,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave
40、.,when/in which,which,where/in which,which,why/for which,that/which,难点解析：几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,This is the day_I met him.This is the day_I will never forget.This is the day_we spent together.This is the place_I lived last year.This is the place _ I was born.This is the place_I visited last year.,wh
41、en/on which,(that/which),(that/which),where/in which,where/in which,(that/which),The reason_ he gave me is not reasonable.The reason_he is late is reasonable.,(that/which),why/for which,难点解析：易混情况之含有定语从句的疑问句,Is this house _ you lived in last year?A.where B.that C which D.the oneIs this the house_you
42、lived in last year?A.where B.that C.in which D.the one,D,B,注意 2,区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句,Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。,When you read books,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.When you read books,you had better make a mark where you have any questions.,区别于其它从句,Make a mar
43、k where you have any questions.Make a mark at the place where you have any questions.Put the note where it can easily be found.Put the note at the place where it can easily be found.This is where I was born.(表语从句)This is the place where I was born.,1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This
44、 is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is ne
45、arest to the earth.,Exercises that,which or who?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,whose,whom or who?,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.12.He opened the do
46、or,in front of _ sat a boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,This is the teacher _ teaches us maths.She is the girl _ I met at the party.The money _ is in the wallet is mine.The money _ my mother g
47、ave me yesterday has been stolen.This is the house _ my sister lives in.,that/which,(that/which),(that/which),(who/whom/that),who/that,用“介词+关系代词”填空1.This is the room_ _they once lived.2.Ill never forget the day_ _ I joined the army.3.This is the reason_ _ I failed.4.The pencil_ _he wrote was broken.
48、5.She has three children,all_ _ are at school.,in which,on which,for which,with which,of whom,6.China has a lot of famous writers,one_ _is Lu Xun.7.He has lost the key to the box _ _the papers are kept.8.My glasses,_ _I was like blind man,fell to the ground and broke.9.The age_ _children can go to s
49、chool is seven.10.His bike_ _ he went to work was stolen last night.,of whom,in which,without which,at which,on which,四、关系代词与介词,1.This is the factory_I once worked.2.The house_he spent 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.3.The house_he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.4.This is the hero_we are proud.5
50、.I cant find the very pen_I wrote that letter.,in which,on which,for which,of whom,with which,6.I dont know the student _ Tom quarreled yesterday.7.I dont know the thing _Tom and Mary quarreled yesterday.8.This is the hotel _ you will stay.,with whom,about which,in which,9.She is the girl _ I went t
