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1、,The review of the Present Perfect Tense,Given by:liu shuxin,现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。,一.Form:,1.肯定句:S(主语)+have/has+PP(过去分词),2.否定句:S(主语)+have/has+not+PP(过去分词,3.疑问句Have/hasH+S(主语)+PP(过去分词)?Yes,S+have/has.No,S+have/hasnt,助动词have和has跟前面的主 语缩略为ve,s.如 theyve,weve,hes,its;has not=hasnt have not=h
2、avent,说明：,二、过去分词的构成,1.+ed work,plant,call2.e+d live,change,like,love,agree,save hate,move,arrive,skate,hope,use,3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写ed.如：plan,stop,drop,fit(适合),prefer(更喜欢),travel,以辅音字母y，结尾，变y为iedtry,study,carry,hurry,cry,5.特殊形式 sit put read,三用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already,yet,ev
3、er,never,just,before,once,twice等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days,today,this year,so far等连用。I have already seen the film.Jim has just lost his book.I have already posted the letter.(信已经不在我这儿了),2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，也许还将继续下去，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用，即for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，in the last ten years等，谓语
4、只可用延续性动词。,Ive known Li Lei for three days.They have lived here since 1996.She has taught us since I came to this school I havent seen her these days.,四、特征词（）already(肯定句)yet(否定句和疑问句)never，ever(疑问句)just(谓语动词之前)before(句末）（）in the past/last few years,(过去几年来)so far=up to nowtill nowby now these days sinc
5、e/ever since for+时间段,注意：(1)since一段时间agofor时间段;since two weeks ago=for two weeks;I have kept the library book for a week.=I have kept the library book since a week ago.(2)since+时间点for时间段 since 2000=for years(3)since+从句(常用一般过去时)The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris,(4
6、)It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.It is/has been two years since my brother joined the army.(5)have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时,但have got=have has got=has I have a new bike=I have got a new bike,五英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词)，如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等，表示动作的发生与结束
7、于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。eg.Ive left Shanghai for three days.()Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.().I left Shanghai three days ago.()It is/has been three days since I left Shanghai.(),终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法：将时间状语改为时间段+ago，句
8、中谓语动词用一般过去时。eg.My brother joined the army two yearsago.我弟弟参军两年了。若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下：,open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away(from)buy-have sleep/fall asleep-be a
9、sleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold come backbe back get up-be upcome/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/atjoin the army-be in the army/be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party/be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years.My brother has been a soldier for two years.,六现
10、在完成时中been to,gone to和been in/at(1)been to去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用。eg.She has been to Shanghai twice.(表示目前人在这里)(2)gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。eg.She has gone to Shanghai.(表示现在她人不在这里)(3)been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用。eg.She has been in S
11、hanghai since she moved there.,七现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，强调的是现在的情况，不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago，last time,last night等连用。一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实，和现在不发生关系。,(1)时态填空：-Are you sure you _(lose)the book?-Yes,I _(look)for it everywhere,but I still cant find it.,have lost,have looked,2
12、.We_already_(copy)these words.,have,copied,3.Jim _(just,watch)a football match.He is so tired and hungry.,has just watched,4._you ever _(travel)on a train?,Have,travelled,5.-_ they _(see)the film yet?-Yes.They_(see)it already.-When_they_(see)it?-They _(see)it just now.-,Have,seen,have seen,did,see,s
13、aw,6.-_ her sister _(be)toNanning?-No,she_(never,be)there before.,Has,been,has never been,(2)Homework1.Its a long time since we _(meet)last,isnt it?2.-I know you _(choose)a picture book among these.-Yes,Have a look at it,please.3.So far,spaceships without people _(reach)the moon and some other parts
14、 of the universe.4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away from B.has leftC.has been away from D.went away 5.Mr.and Mrs.Green have_in China for a week.A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached,6.-Wheres Mary?-Oh,she _the library.A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to 7.Im not feeling well.Ive caught a cold for three days.A B C D 8.Tom has caught a bad cold for days and he has A Bstayed in bed since last Saturday.C D,Thank you,
