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1、中考英语语法,（第九讲 形容词与副词）,一:形容词与副词,形容词的最基本用法一:adj+n:放于名词前起修饰 a red apple.An ugly man二:主+be+adj:对物体描述是描述的静止The class is bright.教室很明亮,特殊形容词的问题一:和an/a 连用,判断具体是a还是 an_ ugly man;_ usual person;_ unusual person;二:特殊形容词:只用于表语,不能用于定语 ill;ready;sure;alike;asleep;awake;alive;三:长得像副词的形容词-ly,Friendly友好的;ugly丑陋的;lovel
2、y可爱的;likely可能的;lonely孤独的,好的问题,Goodwell-kind adj 善良的;Sb be good at某人擅长做Sb do well in某人擅长做Sb be kind to sb某人对另外一个人好例：It is very kind _ you to help me.Of/to/forThe _ lady is _ to her grandchildrenKind;well/well;kind/good;kind/kind;kind,副词的基本用法-考副词的位置,一:修饰动词用(考点:和形容词联合考察)He does it very _good/nice/well/
3、wonderfulThough he was _,he hardly finished the whole journey _.good;well/good;good/well;well/well;good最常考的形容词与副词 goodwell的区别Well 是副词,在动词后是做得好;干得好Well 是形容词,放在be动词后,表健康Good 只是形容词,表示品质He _ works _.Hard;hard/hardly;hardly/hard;hardly/hardly;hard解析：典型的频率副词和程度副词的联合考察分清词性与位置 Hard work困难的工作work hard努力工作har
4、dly work几乎不工作,二、频率副词,一:常用频率副词有哪些？neverhardly=seldomsometimesusually-often-always二:表频率副词的位置-动词之前,Be动词之后三:反义疑问句中的考试He hardly works hard,_ he?does/doesnt/dont/isntHe has little food,_he?does/doesnt/dont/isnt,三:形容词与副词合一(有个别词既是形容词又是副词)Hard-hardlyDeep-deeplyLate-latelyEarly例:他迟到了He is lateHe came late.,练习
5、讲考点,It is late enough that we can go home now.It is late enough for us to go home now.1误析 要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式，或不定式的复合结构：for somebody to do something。,The twins are much alike.The twins are very alike.2误 析 用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰，一般要用much来修饰。,The children came late yesterday to the cinema.The childr
6、en came late to the cinema yesterday.1误 析 表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。,you have few new books,have you?You have few new books,havent you?2误析 英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少，几乎没有)，a few(有一些，几个)；修饰不可数名词的有little(很少，几乎没有)，a little(有一点，有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中时则应看作是肯定
7、句。,He spent quite little money on his food.He spent quite a little money on his food.1误 析 quite a 为一固定用法，其意为十分，相当，所以。quite a fewmany,quite a littlemuch 而only a littlelittle,only a few=few.,Do you want to have some bread?Do you want to have any bread?2误析 some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词，在一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑
8、问句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答复时，应用some。其次是some 可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。,Please tell me where the shoes shop is?Please tell me where the shoe shop is.1误析 在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时，这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式，如：a shoe shop 鞋店 a fruit shop 水果店 a book shop 书店a post office 邮局 a police station 警察局 a bus stop 汽车站,He is weak at physics.He is weak
9、in physics.1误析 在表达擅长于作某事时用be good at something,而其反意词为be bad at something，但be weak in something。,Dont be afraid of that.Dont afraid of that.2误析 afraid 在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词组还有：be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心be certain of 有把握，确定 be sure of 确信be glad of 高兴 be sick of 厌恶be fond of 喜欢,The work has already
10、been done well.The work has already been well done.1误析 well 与badly作副词时，表示好坏，如果句子是被动语态，则应放在过去分词之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged.如果句子是主动语态，则应放于句末，如：I did my homework well.,We are already in the classroom now.We are yet in the classroom now.2误析 already主要用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中，如：Did you finish it
11、?No.not yet.,Look!Here he comes!Look.Here comes he!Look!Here the bus comes!Look!Here comes the bus!2,3误析 在句子开头用Here时，如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序，如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。,She is my elder sister.She is my older sister.2误析 elder 和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，而older,oldest 则是指岁数大多少，如：She is three years older than I.,Im tired.I c
12、ant go further.Im tired.I cant go farther.1误析 far有两个比较级 farther 较远的，further 进一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation?你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest和furthest.,I went to Beijing University five years ago.I went to Beijing University five years before.2误析 ago常与过去时连用，而before则多与完成时连用。,-Have you finishe
13、d your homework?-No,not yet.-Have you finished your homework?-No,not already.2误 析 仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already，yet 与 still。要注意的是 already经常用于肯定句中，如The bus has already gone。而yet 多用于疑问句和否定句中，如：Have you finished your homework yet?而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间，如：We still cant decide what to do.但也有时用于be 动词之后，如：He is stil
14、l here.,Ive ever been to America.Ive been to America once.1误析 once 多用于肯定句，而ever则用于疑问句，否定句，及条件状语从句中，如：Have you ever been to London?,-Could you pass the exam this time?-No,I am not afraid so.-Could you pass the exam this time?-No,Im afraid not.1误 析 在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件，如：Do you think she is a good
15、 student?Yes I think so,/I hope so,/I believe so/Im afraid so.但在否定的答语中，英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同，如，I dont think so 而在hope,belive 与 afraid后则常用not，如：I hope not.,She didnt work hard enough,so she couldnt pass the exam.She didnt work enough hard,so she couldnt pass the exam.2误 析 enough 可以作名词用，如：Enough has been sai
16、d for how to learn English well.(对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。)另外它可以作为形容词，如：I have enough money(or money enough)to buy this dictionary.注意 enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后，在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前。如果enough 作为副词用，那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。,You cant be very careful.You cant be too careful.1误析 此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。tooto的用法是太以至于不能作某事。但在实际
17、应用时也常常将后面的to省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那对我来讲是太贵了。,往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议；He is well.He is good.其实这两句都是正确的表达法，只不过其含意不同。He is well是他身体不错，而He is good 则为他是个好人。,He is same age as Tom.He is the same age as Tom.1误析 the sameas是固定的用法，其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的。,Mother and her daughter are exactly like.Mother and h
18、er daughter are exactly alike.1 误*like 作为介词，其意为“像”，应用于 look like,be like,sound like,其后要加宾语。而 Alike 是形容词，或副词，如:You and I think alike.The twins are dressed alike。但 alike 仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语。,1-What does Lucy like better,singing or dancing?-Singing.of course.Shes known to it.A.be good at B.be good for C.be
19、 bad at D.be bad for 答案 A.析 be good at为固定搭配，意为擅长作某事。初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢，而不能似是而非。如：be good at,be bad at,be poor in,be weak in,be fit for,2 The girl was afraid she threw her bag away.A.so,that B.too,to C.too,that D.enough,to 答案 A.析 sothat为如此怎样以至于如何，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而tooto的意思为如何如何，以至于不能作某事。但to的后面是动
20、词原形，而不是从句。,3 None of the students watched it.A.careful enough B.enough carefully C.carefully enough D.enough careful 答案 C.析 首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词。这里是修饰watch这一动词，应选用副词。当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。,4 Miss Gao is a good English teacher.The students in her class English.A.are interested in
21、 B.are interesting inC.are interested at D.are interesting to 答案 A.析 过去分词常用来修饰人，而现在分词常用来修饰物，如：an interesting book，实际上过去分词含有被动之意，如：interested 其含意是被所吸引，感动。而interesting 则为使人感兴趣的，如：an interesting man 一个有趣、风趣的人。,5 The twins are together most of the time.So they never feel.A.alone B.lonely C.happily D.fri
22、endly 答案 B.析 alone意为独自的，一个人的，它只能作表语不能作定语。I am not alone in doing such a thing.而lonely 意为寂寞的，孤单的，如：The old man felt lonely.要体会两个词的区别，如：The old man lived alone,but he didnt feel lonely.,6 What a cough!You seem ill.A.terrible,terribly B.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terrible D.terribly,terribly 答案 A.析 te
23、rrible是形容词，而terribly是副词，第一个空是修饰名词的，所以应填入形容词。第二个空ill是形容词，这里terribly 是用来修饰ill的。,7 The two friends were pleased to see each other that they forgot everything.A.so B.too C.very D.much 答案 A.析 这里用的是sothat的固定搭配。,8 You dont like the same colours and I dont like them,.A.too B.also C.either D.neither 答案 C.析 在
24、否定句中也应用either,而不要用too，因too用于肯定句中。,9 Jim is at all his lessons.And Im sure hell do very in the exams.A.well,good B.good,well C.well,well D.good,good 答案 B.析 good为形容词，如：He is good.他是个好人。而well作为身体状况的好坏讲时是形容词，如：He is well为他身体不错，而作为其他意思时为副词，如：He speaks English well.,10 Lets go out for supper now.Im very.A
25、.hungry B.angry C.tired D.thirsty 答案 A.析 hungry-饿，angry-生气，tired-紧，疲劳，thirsty-口渴。要注意名词的词义。,11-Can you understand me?-Sorry,I can understand you.A.hardly B.almost C.even D.ever 答案 A.析 hardly为一否定词，用在句中时应被看作是否定句。在答语中Sorry决定了其意为听不明白，所以只能选 hardly。,12 do you write to your penfriend?About twice a month.A.H
26、ow often B.How soon C.How much D.How long 答案 A.析 how often用来提问某一动作经多久就要发生一次，也就是提问发生的频率。how soon是问从现在起还有多久。,13 It is very to listen to him.A.interested B.interesting C.interested in D.interest 答案 B.析 interest作为名词有两个词义，兴趣，银行中所讲的利息。而其形容词 interesting是使人感兴趣的，而interested是感兴趣的如：He is interested in English.
27、,14 It is one oclock,but her father hasnt come back.A.already B.still C.too D.yet 答案 D.析 完成时的否定句尾要用yet，而already则用于肯定句。,15 She did her homework.A.carefully B.careful C.care D.careless 答案 A.析 这里应填入副词，而careless是由care加less后辍得来的，less意为没有，是否定之意，如：careless-不小心，homeless-无家可归。而carefully为副词。,16 They cant answ
28、er the question in Japanese;we cant answer it,.A.also B.too C.either D.neither 答案 C.,18-How are your parents?-They are very,thank you.A.good B.kind C.well D.happy 答案 C.析 由问句得知其询问的是身体如何，所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词。,19 We were all glad that we sang and danced.A.such B.so C.very D.quite 答案 B.析 在so与that之间只有形容
29、词时不可用such。,20 This egg smells,though it looks all right.A.good B.well C.bad D badly 答案 C.析 smell为系动词，其后应加形容词，而不是副词。同样的词，还有sound，feel,seem、become(变成)等等，如：Ice feels cold in winter.,21 Wait a minute,I have to tell you.A.something interested B.something interestingC.interesting something D.anything inte
30、resting 答案 B.析 修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词之后。,22 I shall visit you next year.A.sometimes B.sometime C.some time D.some times 答案 B.析 sometimes 有时，sometime 某一时刻，some time 一段时间，some times 若干次,23 My sister said she would try to speak English every day.A.a little B.a few C.litttle D.few 答案 A.析 little修饰不可数名词，而a little意为一些，一点。,
