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1、中考英语语法,第十六讲 情态动词,第一部分：基本知识,一、情态动词是什么？,动词的类别,行为动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,能够独立做谓语,不能独立做谓语,掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。,二、情态动词的基本句型,陈述句 主+情态动词+v原疑问句 情态动词+主+v原？考点：注意may,must疑问句的否定回答否定句-主+情态动词 not+v原考点：注意had better,need两种词性,ought to 的否定,三、常考的情态动词,can能;可能-couldmay可以-mightmust必须;一定need需要-非标准情态动词should-
2、shall would-willhad betterused to 过去常常Would rather 宁愿ought to应当,第二部分：常考情态动词,的三个“能”,能力,乐意,可能,can,can与be able to 的区别,Can 是情态动词，不能独立做谓语be able to是系动词，能够独立做谓语,所有表示“意愿类题目”，都适用Can/Could you give me some water?,此时can 与could相等,can与must的区别,Must肯定是（无否定）可能是,1.He will _ finish it by himself.can/may/be able to/不
3、填（多）2.can you give me _ suggestion?another/other/the other/others3.She _ run fast,but I cant.may/must/need/can,的两个意思,乐意,可能,may,may的回答,肯定回答一般是：Yes,please./Certainly./Sure等，否定回答一般是：Please dont./No，you cant/mustnt.,can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；而may则多用于陈述句（肯定），表示一种揣测。,can与may的区别,He may be right他可能对He cant
4、be right他不可能对,的两个意思,必须,肯定,must,must的否定回答,肯定回答：yes,must否定回答：no,you neednt/no,you dont have to,can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；Must表示推测时，不能用否定句,can与must的区别,Dont have to 不必-mustnt一定不能neednt 不必must 表必须有否定；表肯定，不能用否定句,Must的否定,I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了,的两个词性,情态动词,行为动词,need,
5、You neednt answer the question now.,You dont need ot answer the question now.,Had better最好,易错点：错误理解为had,或better否定解析：你最好立刻就做You had better do it right now.你最好不要碰它You had better not touch it.,的三个辨析,Used to,Be used to doing,Be used to do,used to,过去常常（情态动词）,He used to go shopping on weekends.他过去常常周末去买东西
6、,The Englishman isnt used to driving on theright in China.,某人习惯于(to是介词）,被动语态（to是不定式）,Pens are used to write on paper.,Would rather do.than do宁愿做而不愿做,解析:宁愿而不愿，中考共三种表达方式1、prefer to do.rather than do宁愿做而不愿做(动词词组)例:I prefer to swim rather than stay at home.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里2、would rather do.than do宁愿做而不愿做(动
7、词词组)例:I would rather swim than stay at home.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里3、preferto I prefer dogs to cats.相对于猫.我更喜欢狗.Would rather是情态动词，否定为 would rather not do,第三部分：情态动词与助动词,Can与could的相同与不同,Can能力 he said:“I can do that.”乐意 can I help you?可能It cannt be rainy,Could能力,是can的过去式He said that he could do that.表乐意,could可独立一
8、词.Could I go with you?,(willwould;shall should于此相似),Will只用于将来时,he will come tomorrowshall,will用来征求对方意见，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称，用来表示意愿；shall用于第二、第三人称，will用于第一人称。,Would过去将来时，是will的过去式.He said that he would come tomorrow.表乐意 Would you like?虚拟语气,1.The doctor suggested that he _ the medicine 3 times a day
9、.多Take/took/takes/should take解析Suggest/advice that 主+should+v原。考点:should 省略；给时态迷惑2.She would leave the city if the rain _.Stops/would stop/stopped/stopping解析:1判断would-过去时，从句也用过去时2主句过去将来，if 从句用一般过去3.The patient knew that he _ the wrong mdicine.take/took/takes/should take,第四部分：真题解析与练习,1must和have to【考例
10、】-Must we finish giving out the posters today?-Yes,we _.It cant be put off any longer.太原市A.can B.may C.must答案C。解析 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。-I didnt pass the math test.I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.-I agree.You _ play like that any mo
11、re.河南省A.needntB.mustntC.may notD.wouldnt答案B。解析 此处选mustnt。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。When traffic lights are red.We _stop and wait.南京市A.mayB.canC.must D.might.答案C。解析 考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。,2can和could-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Of course you _.陕西省A.can B.mustC.should D.will答案A。解析 上文的could并不表示
12、过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。-Listen!Is Tom singing in the classroom?-No.It _be Tom.He has gone to Paris.长沙市A.may notB.neednt C.cant答案C。解析 因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。一Mary，_you speak Chinese?一Yes，only a little 北京市A mustB need C mayDcan答案D。解析 考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够,1Schools _allow students at lea
13、st one hour a day for sports.A.would B.might C.should D.could答案C。解析 此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。2.Bob，may I _your MP4?一SureBut youd better not _it to othersA.lend；lend B lend；borrowC borrow；borrowD.borrow；lend答案D。解析本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。3.-What about pla
14、ying football this afternoon,Sam?-I would rather _ at home than_ football.Its too hot outside.A.stay;playing B.stay;playC.to stay;to playD.to stay;playing答案：A。解析本题考查了would rather的固定短语的应用。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起来，宁愿做A。,4.He used to _ in the sun,but now he is used toat night.A.read,readB.read
15、ing,readC.read,reading D.reading,reading答案：C。解析考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时，be used to 后接动名词。故选C。5.You _do it if you really dont want to.A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.couldnt答案A。解析 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为A项。6.-May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?-Yea,of course.You _finish it today.A.mus
16、tB.mustntC.neednt答案C。解析思路分析：根据句意可知，neednt不必,7.You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest.A.canB.mayC.must D.need答案C。解析 本题考查情态动词must，can，may8need的区别。情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。8.一Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis?It _be himI saw him go to the teachers office just nowA mustB cant
17、 CcouldDmight答案B。解析 考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用cant。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。,1._I open the window?Its hot here.A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _tell you.A.may B.can C.would D.could3._you please tell me the time please?A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might4._I try out all the ideas?No,you _.A.Must,must
18、nt B.Need,need C.Must,dont have to D.Must,dont5._I speak to Mr Green，please?A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would,B,A,B,C,B,课时训练,9.He said Kate _come to the party.But I dont think so.A.could B.might C.need D.must10.Need I do my lessons right now?Yes,you_.A.need B.can C.should D.must11.Would you like to go s
19、wimming with me this afternoon?Id love to.But Im afraid I_.I have too much work to do.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not12.To make our city more beautiful，rubbish_into the river.A.neednt be thrown B.mustnt be thrown C.cant throw D.may not throw,B,D,A,B,课时训练,10.Dont worry!We can get to the bus statio
20、n in time and _the early bus.A.dont miss B.can miss C.will miss D.wont miss11.Please dont make any noise in the reading room._ A.Sorry,I wont.B.Sorry,I cant.C.Yes,I wont.D.OK,I didnt.12.Must I return your digital camera tomorrow.Tina?No,you_.A.mustnt B.may not C.neednt D.wont,A,C,D,课时训练,13.Would you like some more?_Im full.A.Yes,please.B.Id love to.C.No,I wouldnt.D.No,thanks.14.You_swim in this part of the lake.Its dangerous.A.mustnt B.may not C.neednt D.wont15.Your e-mail address again?I_quite catch it.Hr Zhou.A.dont B.cant C.wont D.didnt,A,D,D,课时训练,
