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1、 联合国国际货物销售合同公约(英文)unitednationsconventiononcontractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoods-thestatespartiestothisconvention,bearinginmindthebroadobjectivesintheresolutionsadoptedbythesixthspecialsessionofthegeneralassemblyoftheunitednationsontheestablishmentofanewinternationaleconomicorder,consideringthatth
2、edevelopmentofinternationaltradeonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefitisanimportantelementinpromotingfriendlyrelationsamongstates,beingoftheopinionthattheadoptionofuniformruleswhichgoverncontractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoodsandtakeintoaccountthedifferentsocial,economicandlegalsystemswouldcontributet
3、otheremovaloflegalbarriersininternationaltradeandpromotethedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,havedecreedasfollows:partisphereofapplicationandgeneralprovisionspartiiformationofthecontractpartiiisaleofgoodspartivfinalprovisionspartisphereofapplicationandgeneralprovisionschapterisphereofapplicationarticl
4、e1(1)thisconventionappliestocontractsofsaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentstates:(a)whenthestatesarecontractingstates;or(b)whentherulesofprivateinternationallawleadtotheapplicationofthelawofacontractingstate.(2)thefactthatthepartieshavetheirplacesofbusinessindifferentstatesi
5、stobedisregardedwheneverthisfactdoesnotappeareitherfromthecontractorfromanydealingsbetween,orfrominformationdisclosedby,thepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract.(3)neitherthenationalityofthepartiesnorthecivilorcommercialcharacterofthepartiesorofthecontractistobetakenintoconsiderationi
6、ndeterminingtheapplicationofthisconvention.article2thisconventiondoesnotapplytosales:(a)ofgoodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhouseholduse,unlesstheseller,atanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract,neitherknewnoroughttohaveknownthatthegoodswereboughtforanysuchuse;(b)byauction;(c)onexecutionorotherwise
7、byauthorityoflaw;(d)ofstocks,shares,investmentsecurities,negotiableinstrumentsormoney;(e)ofships,vessels,hovercraftoraircraft;(f)ofelectricity.article3(1)contractsforthesupplyofgoodstobemanufacturedorproducedaretobeconsideredsalesunlessthepartywhoordersthegoodsundertakestosupplyasubstantialpartofthe
8、materialsnecessaryforsuchmanufactureorproduction.(2)thisconventiondoesnotapplytocontractsinwhichthepreponderantpartoftheobligationsofthepartywhofurnishesthegoodsconsistsinthesupplyoflabourorotherservices.article4thisconventiongovernsonlytheformationofthecontractofsaleandtherightsandobligationsofthes
9、ellerandthebuyerarisingfromsuchacontract.inparticular,exceptasotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthisconvention,itisnotconcernedwith:(a)thevalidityofthecontractorofanyofitsprovisionsorofanyusage;(b)theeffectwhichthecontractmayhaveonthepropertyinthegoodssold.article5thisconventiondoesnotapplytotheliabilityo
10、fthesellerfordeathorpersonalinjurycausedbythegoodstoanyperson.article6thepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofthisconventionor,subjecttoarticle12,derogatefromorvarytheeffectofanyofitsprovisions.chapteriigeneralprovisionsarticle7(1)intheinterpretationofthisconvention,regardistobehadtoitsinternationalchar
11、acterandtotheneedtopromoteuniformityinitsapplicationandtheobservanceofgoodfaithininternationaltrade.(2)questionsconcerningmattersgovernedbythisconventionwhicharenotexpresslysettledinitaretobesettledinconformitywiththegeneralprinciplesonwhichitisbasedor,intheabsenceofsuchprinciples,inconformitywithth
12、elawapplicablebyvirtueoftherulesofprivateinternationallaw.article8(1)forthepurposesofthisconventionstatementsmadebyandotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtohisintentwheretheotherpartykneworcouldnothavebeenunawarewhatthatintentwas.(2)iftheprecedingparagraphisnotapplicable,statementsmadebya
13、ndotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtotheunderstandingthatareasonablepersonofthesamekindastheotherpartywouldhavehadinthesamecircumstances.(3)indeterminingtheintentofapartyortheunderstandingareasonablepersonwouldhavehad,dueconsiderationistobegiventoallrelevantcircumstancesofthecaseinclud
14、ingthenegotiations,anypracticeswhichthepartieshaveestablishedbetweenthemselves,usagesandanysubsequentconductoftheparties.article9(1)thepartiesareboundbyanyusagetowhichtheyhaveagreedandbyanypracticeswhichtheyhaveestablishedbetweenthemselves.(2)thepartiesareconsidered,unlessotherwiseagreed,tohaveimpli
15、edlymadeapplicabletotheircontractoritsformationausageofwhichthepartieskneworoughttohaveknownandwhichininternationaltradeiswidelyknownto,andregularlyobservedby,partiestocontractsofthetypeinvolvedintheparticulartradeconcerned.article10forthepurposesofthisconvention:(a)ifapartyhasmorethanoneplaceofbusi
16、ness,theplaceofbusinessisthatwhichhastheclosestrelationshiptothecontractanditsperformance,havingregardtothecircumstancesknowntoorcontemplatedbythepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract;(b)ifapartydoesnothaveaplaceofbusiness,referenceistobemadetohishabitualresidence.article11acontractof
17、saleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.article12anyprovisionofarticle11,article29orpartiiofthisconventionthatallowsacontractofsaleoritsmodificationorterminationbyagreementoranyoffer,acceptanceorotherindicati
18、onofintentiontobemadeinanyformotherthaninwritingdoesnotapplywhereanypartyhashisplaceofbusinessinacontractingstatewhichhasmadeadeclarationunderarticle96ofthisconvention.thepartiesmaynotderogatefromorvarytheeffectorthisarticle.article13forthepurposesofthisconventionwritingincludestelegramandtelex.part
19、iiformationofthecontractarticle14(1)aproposalforconcludingacontractaddressedtooneormorespecificpersonsconstitutesanofferifitissufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobeboundincaseofacceptance.aproposalissufficientlydefiniteifitindicatesthegoodsandexpresslyorimplicitlyfixesormakespr
20、ovisionfordeterminingthequantityandtheprice.(2)aproposalotherthanoneaddressedtooneormorespecificpersonsistobeconsideredmerelyasaninvitationtomakeoffers,unlessthecontraryisclearlyindicatedbythepersonmakingtheproposal.article15(1)anofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.(2)anoffer,evenifitisirre
21、vocable,maybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheoffer.article16(1)untilacontractisconcludedanoffermayberevokediftherevocationreachestheoffereebeforehehasdispatchedanacceptance.(2)however,anoffercannotberevoked:(a)ifitindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceor
22、otherwise,thatitisirrevocable;or(b)ifitwasreasonablefortheoffereetorelyontheofferasbeingirrevocableandtheoffereehasactedinrelianceontheoffer.article17anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,isterminatedwhenarejectionreachestheofferor.article18(1)astatementmadebyorotherconductoftheoffereeindicatingassenttoanof
23、ferisanacceptance.silenceorinactivitydoesnotinitselfamounttoacceptance.(2)anacceptanceofanofferbecomeseffectiveatthemomenttheindicationofassentreachestheofferor.anacceptanceisnoteffectiveiftheindicationofassentdoesnotreachtheofferorwithinthetimehehasfixedor,ifnotimeisfixed,withinareasonabletime,duea
24、ccountbeingtakenofthecircumstancesofthetransaction,includingtherapidityofthemeansofcommunicationemployedbytheofferor.anoraloffermustbeacceptedimmediatelyunlessthecircumstancesindicateotherwise.(3)however,if,byvirtueoftheofferorasaresultofpracticeswhichthepartieshaveestablishedbetweenthemselvesorofus
25、age,theoffereemayindicateassentbyperforminganact,suchasonerelatingtothedispatchofthegoodsorpaymentoftheprice,withoutnoticetotheofferor,theacceptanceiseffectiveatthemomenttheactisperformed,providedthattheactisperformedwithintheperiodoftimelaiddownintheprecedingparagraph.article19(1)areplytoanofferwhi
26、chpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditions,limitationsorothermodificationsisarejectionoftheofferandconstitutesacounter-offer.(2)however,areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditionalordifferenttermswhichdonotmateriallyalterthetermsoftheofferconstitutesanacceptance,unlesstheoff
27、eror,withoutunduedelay,objectsorallytothediscrepancyordispatchesanoticetothateffect.ifhedoesnotsoobject,thetermsofthecontractarethetermsoftheofferwiththemodificationscontainedintheacceptance.(3)additionalordifferenttermsrelating,amongotherthings,totheprice,payment,qualityandquantityofthegoods,placea
28、ndtimeofdelivery,extentofonepartysliabilitytotheotherorthesettlementofdisputesareconsideredtoalterthetermsoftheoffermaterially.article20(1)aperiodoftimeforacceptancefixedbytheofferorinatelegramoraletterbeginstorunfromthemomentthetelegramishandedinfordispatchorfromthedateshownontheletteror,ifnosuchda
29、teisshown,fromthedateshownontheenvelope.aperiodoftimeforacceptancefixedbytheofferorbytelephone,telexorothermeansofinstantaneouscommunication,beginstorunfromthemomentthattheofferreachestheofferee.(2)officialholidaysornon-businessdaysoccurringduringtheperiodforacceptanceareincludedincalculatingtheperi
30、od.however,ifanoticeofacceptancecannotbedeliveredattheaddressoftheofferoronthelastdayoftheperiodbecausethatdayfallsonanofficialholidayoranon-businessdayattheplaceofbusinessoftheofferor,theperiodisextendeduntilthefirstbusinessdaywhichfollows.article21(1)alateacceptanceisneverthelesseffectiveasanaccep
31、tanceifwithoutdelaytheofferororallysoinformstheoffereeordispatchesanoticetothateffect.(2)ifaletterorotherwritingcontainingalateacceptanceshowsthatithasbeensentinsuchcircumstancesthatifitstransmissionhadbeennormalitwouldhavereachedtheofferorinduetime,thelateacceptanceiseffectiveasanacceptanceunless,w
32、ithoutdelay,theofferororallyinformstheoffereethatheconsidershisofferashavinglapsedordispatchesanoticetothateffect.article22anacceptancemaybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheofferorbeforeoratthesametimeastheacceptancewouldhavebecomeeffective.article23acontractisconcludedatthemomentwhenanacceptanceof
33、anofferbecomeseffectiveinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisconvention.article24forthepurposesofthispartoftheconvention,anoffer,declarationofacceptanceoranyotherindicationofintentionreachestheaddresseewhenitismadeorallytohimordeliveredbyanyothermeanstohimpersonally,tohisplaceofbusinessormailingaddress
34、or,ifhedoesnothaveaplaceofbusinessormailingaddress,tohishabitualresidence.partiiisaleofgoodschapterigeneralprovisionsarticle25abreachofcontractcommittedbyoneofthepartiesisfundamentalifitresultsinsuchdetrimenttotheotherpartyassubstantiallytodeprivehimofwhatheisentitledtoexpectunderthecontract,unlesst
35、hepartyinbreachdidnotforeseeandareasonablepersonofthesamekindinthesamecircumstanceswouldnothaveforeseensucharesult.article26adeclarationofavoidanceofthecontractiseffectiveonlyifmadebynoticetotheotherparty.article27unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthispartoftheconvention,ifanynotice,requestorotherco
36、mmunicationisgivenormadebyapartyinaccordancewiththispartandbymeansappropriateinthecircumstances,adelayorerrorinthetransmissionofthecommunicationoritsfailuretoarrivedoesnotdeprivethatpartyoftherighttorelyonthecommunication.article28if,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisconvention,onepartyisentitledto
37、requireperformanceofanyobligationbytheotherparty,acourtisnotboundtoenterajudgementforspecificperformanceunlessthecourtwoulddosounderitsownlawinrespectofsimilarcontractsofsalenotgovernedbythisconvention.article29(1)acontractmaybemodifiedorterminatedbythemereagreementoftheparties.(2)acontractinwriting
38、whichcontainsaprovisionrequiringanymodificationorterminationbyagreementtobeinwritingmaynotbeotherwisemodifiedorterminatedbyagreement.however,apartymaybeprecludedbyhisconductfromassertingsuchaprovisiontotheextentthattheotherpartyhasreliedonthatconduct.chapteriiobligationsofthesellerarticle30theseller
39、mustdeliverthegoods,handoveranydocumentsrelatingtothemandtransferthepropertyinthegoods,asrequiredbythecontractandthisconvention.sectioni.deliveryofthegoodsandhandingoverofdocumentsarticle31ifthesellerisnotboundtodeliverthegoodsatanyotherparticularplace,hisobligationtodeliverconsists:(a)ifthecontract
40、ofsaleinvolvescarriageofthegoods-inhandingthegoodsovertothefirstcarrierfortransmissiontothebuyer;(b)if,incasesnotwithintheprecedingsubparagraph,thecontractrelatestospecificgoods,orunidentifiedgoodstobedrawnfromaspecificstockortobemanufacturedorproduced,andatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthepartiesknewthat
