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1、初二现在完成时教案一、知识梳理：(一)、现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。(1) 肯定句式: 现在完成时的肯定句式是have（has）过去分词Wehavejustfinishedourhomework(2) 否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是havent（hasnt）过去分词WehaventstudiedUnit2yet(3) 疑问句式: 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。Haveyoureadthisstoryboo
2、kyet？2.用法(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)I havet seen her for fou
3、r years.我有四年没见到她了。(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过二次1.Tom_theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad解析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表段时间的短语连用，故选D2. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A.know B.had known
4、 C.have known D. knew解析：现在完成时时常与for +时间段或since +过去时间点连用(含从句，从句过去时)。故应选C。3.-_ you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished C.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish解析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于述一件
5、过去的事情，与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday,last week,a moment ago等)连用。故应选B。4.Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes .A.has begun B.had begunC.has been on D.began解析：现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故应为C5.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.（用时态填空）解析：本题考查的是时
6、态的运用，故应填lived / has been living6.His father _ the Party since 1978 .A.joined B.has joined C. was in D.has been in解析：现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故应选为D。7. _ my glasses?Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you seen解析：
7、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响.故应选D（二）、外研版八年级下册固定搭配和重点短语21.invitesbtodosth.邀请某人做某事2.thinkabout考虑3.makeup编造4.stopdoingsth.停止做某事ewith和.一起去6.thefirstprize一等奖7.atthemoment此时，现在8.sofar到目前为止9.asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事10.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事11.afifteen-year-oldboy一个十五岁的男孩12.oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数最.之一13.bedifferentfrom与.不同1
8、4.countdown倒数15.sendsb.todosth.把某人送去做某事16.enteracompetition参加竞赛17.writeabout编写；写作18.thinkabout考虑19.travelaroundtheworld环游世界20.workfor效力于21.forexample例如22.lookforwardtodoingsth./sth.期盼；期待23.haveawonderfultime玩的开心24.apairof一双25.therestof剩余的二、课堂练习：1. 完形填空（本大题有10小题，每一题1分，共10分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中
9、，选出一个最佳答案。A tramp (流浪汉) was sleeping on a park bench late at night. A man and a woman were walkingl. One of them tapped him 2 and asked, “3. Whats the time?” The tramp was very angry 4. “I dont know!” he said angrily. “I havent got a watch.” And he went back to sleep.5 later another man was passing.
10、 He woke the tramp up and said, “I am sorry to bother you, but I 6 if you could tell me 7.”Again the tramp said he 8. By now he was very fed up (厌烦之极) , so he got a pen and a piece of paper and wrote I DONT KNOW WHAT THE TIME IS on it and went back to sleep. Half an hour 9, a policeman was passing.
11、He 10 the sign, woke the tramp up and said, “Its 2:30, sir!”l. A. past B. passed C. to pass D. passing 2. A. on his shoulder B. on the shoulder C. to his shoulder D. to the shoulder 3. A. Sorry B. Hello C. Excuse me D. Pardon 4. A. by being woken up B. to be woken up C. at being woken up D. being wo
12、ken up 5. A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time 6. A. know B. ask C. wonder D. wait 7. A. what time is it B. what is the time C. what time it is D. what was the time 8. A. knew nothing B. didnt know C. knew nobody D. didnt answer 9. A. after B. late C. past D. later 10. A. read B. was
13、reading C. reads D. reading 2.短文填空（本大题有10小题，每一题1.5分，共15分）I am Jackie Lee, an American Chinese.Let me tell you about my grandfathers life story. My grandfather was (71)_ in 1932 and grew up in a poor village in Fujian, China.At the age of 14, he first heard of America.It was said to be the land of go
14、ld and poor people could easily become (72)_ there.So, my grandfather came to America.“I had thought it was easy to (73)_ money in America，” he told me, “But when I (74)_ in Los Angeles, I realized it was not true.I couldnt find a good job because I spoke little English.I wanted to go to a language
15、school to learn English, (75)_ I couldnt afford it.Later, I worked in a small (76)_， serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors.I was such (77)_ helpful and honest worker that my boss was pleased with me.I was popular with my workmates, (78)_Life became ea
16、sier and in the end I entered an evening school to learn English.” My grandfather kept working hard, and finally made (79)_ dream come true.Things do not come easily in life.That is what I have learned (80)_ my grandfather.参考答案 答案：1A2. B3C4C5D6C7C8B9D10A讲解：1walk past表示“走过去”。而pass 是动词，表示“经过”。2. tap s
17、b on the shoulder意思是“拍某人的肩膀”，不能说tap on his shoulder，类似的表达法有：take sb by the hand 拉某人的手，hit sb in the face 打某人的脸。3打扰对方或请求对方帮助时用“Excuse me”。4be angry at sth“因某事生气”；be angry with sb“生某人的气”。5some time 一段时间sometime某时 sometimes有时6I wonder if you could do sth 是一个句型，用来表达“不知您能否做?”请求对方的帮助。例如：I wonder if you co
18、uld help me with my English. 不知您能否帮助我学英语。7宾语从句为述句语序。8根据上下文的意思，这个人是“不知道几点钟了”。9时间 +laterafter+ 时间，表示一个过去时间的“多久以后”。例如：a few days laterafter a few days 几天以后。10read的过去式与原形拼写相同，只是读音不样。原形读作ri：d，而过去式读作red.本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了爷爷来美国的经历。71bornbe born是固定搭配，意为“出生”，故应填born。72rich根据上文“poor people”从而可推断填rich。73make/earn根
19、据be easy to do sth.结构，可知此处应填一个动词的原形；make/earn money (挣钱)是固定短语，故此空格填make/earn。74arrivedarrive in意为“到达”；且根据下文“I realized it was not true”可知应填过去式。75but根据“couldnt afford it”可知后半句表示转折关系，应填but。76restaurant由“serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors”可知应填restaura
20、nt，即“饭店”。77a由固定搭配“sucha/anadj.n.”且helpful为辅音音素开头可知应填a。78too根据语境，肯定句中的“也”放在句尾，故应填too。79hismy grandfather做主语，作为其代词应填his。80fromlearn from (从学)是固定短语。三、完形填空之解题步骤：四、完形填空之解题推测手段四、课后练习：1、完形填空“Beijing, Toronto and Paris are the most 1cities bidding (申办) for the Olympic Games of 2008,” said Richard W. Pound,
21、the IOCs first vice president.“The host (主办)city of the Olympic Games of 2008 will be 2 at the IOCs meeting in Moscow in 2001. Beijing is ready on its way because it 3 became the host of the Olympic Games of 2000, and Toronto and Paris also have 4 power,” said Pound at an IOC meeting.About ten citie
22、s are 5 in bidding for the Olympic Games of 2008, of which, there are three most important cities. They are Beijing, Toronto, Paris. Some of 6 cities are Osaka, Havana, Istanbul and Cairoete.For the first time, the host city will be decided 7 IOC members visiting the places. The bidding scandals (丑闻
23、)of the Salt Lake City have made the IOC find new 8 of bidding. That is 9 the IOC members will not be allowed to 10 the bidding cities. 1. A. difficult B. important C. exciting D. 2. A. decidedB. cleanedC. builtD. taken 3. A. hardly B. always C. nearlyD. sometimes 4. A. smallB. strongC. noD. a littl
24、e 5. A. interestedB. worriedC. amazedD. moved6. A. the other B. otherC. another D. others 7. A. with B. when C. withoutD. by 8. A. ideas B. roadsC. questionsD. ways 9. A. what B. howC. whyD. where 10. A. visitB. leaveC. touchD. choose 2、短文填空Michael Leung, a famous TV host (主持人) in Hong Kong, wrote a
25、 (1)_ to his son.It is not only helpful for children, but also good for all ages.The following are chosen (2)_ his letter.1.Life is short.While you (3)_ wasting it today, youll realize you are at the end of it tomorrow.So the earlier you start to value your life, the (4)_ you can enjoy it.2.You migh
26、t not be successful (5)_ you dont study hard, although a lot of successful people havent (6)_ higher education.3.I dont expect you to support (供养) me for the rest of (7)_ life, so Im not going to do the same for you.You will be living on your own when you grow up.4.You can require yourself to be nice to others, (8)_ you shouldnt expect the same from others.5.Ive been buying the lottery (彩票) for almost twenty (9)_， but Im still poor.I have never got the third place even once.So you have to work hard to be successful.There is no (10)_ lunch in the world.
