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1、高三总复习（完成句子所涉及的语法及常见句式）9语法部分：非谓语动词类：1. 作主语、宾语1) sb/sth be said/ believed/ known/reported/ considered/ found /thought/anounced/ expected to do /have done=It is acknowledged/ said/ believed/ known/ reported/ considered/ found/ thought/ announced/ expected thate.g English is acknowledged to be widely us
2、ed all over the world. = It is acknowledged that English is widely used all over the world.2) It is no use/good/not any use/ useless doinge.g Do you consider it any good repairing the truck again?3) It is of great(little) use/ value/ importance/ help/benefit/interest to do. 4) ones doing/ones being
3、done +谓语= 其他e.g His coming late again annoyed his teacher.5) admit/appreciate/ avoid/ consider/ delay/ dislike/ enjoy/ feel like/ finish/ imagine/ keep/ mind/ practice/ resist/ risk/ suggest/ miss6) 分辨：try / remember/ forget/ mean/ regret /stop/ go on+ doing与+to do的区别：7) allow/ advise/ forbid/ permi
4、t/ recommended + doing与+ sb + to do的区别8）sth require/ want/ need + doing (=to be done)9) sb have difficulty/ trouble/ fun/ a hard time/ a good time/ +(in) doing 或there be some difficulty/ trouble/ fun/ a hard time/ a good time + (in) doing10)How /What about + doing11)It is kind/ clever/ careless/ wis
5、e/ polite/ foolish + of sb to do12)It is necessary/ possible/ impossible/ important/ convenient/difficult for sb to do sth.13)sb find/ feel/ think/ consider/ make +it +形容词或名词+ (for sb) to do或+ that句子e.g This made it possible that we could spend our holidays in Paris.= This made it possible for us to
6、 spend our holidays in Paris.*注意非谓语动词部分的语态及时态：e.g 1) He apologized to us for his having broken the window. 2) He is proud of his team being awarded the first prize.2. 作宾语补足语1）使役动词：make sb do; make oneself/ sb done; leave sb to do/done /doing. have sb do/ done/doing. get sb to do/done/doing. keep sb
7、doing/ done.2) 感官动词：see /notice/ watch/ observe /find/ hear sb do/doing/done 被动结构：be seen/noticed/ watched/ observed/ found/ heard to do/ doing/ done.其他：catch/ send/ get sb doing ; leave /keep/ find/make sb/sth +形容词./介词短语等e.g：keep /leave the door open ; find himself in the hospital; make China what
8、she is today3. 作定语 1) The bridge to be built next year is in front of my house.; The bridge being built now is in front of my house The bridge built last year is in front of my house The bridge going across the river is in front of my house2) Please give him a knife to cut with There is nothing to w
9、orry about. He needs a room to live in. There are only five rooms left to live in. 4. 作状语1)动词不定式表目的、结果等I came here to/ in order to/ so as to see him.He hurried back, only to find his house broken into.He is not old enough to go to school.He is too old to do that.2) 分词表时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式,结果等。Not having b
10、een warned of danger, they stepped into the cave.Given a chance, I can surprise the world.He didnt work hard, thus failing the exam.He came in, followed by his students.3) 独立主格结构： Weather permitting, well play golf this afternoon. There being no bus, we had to walk. He was lying on the ground, his e
11、yes looking straight upward.4) with 复合结构 With nothing taken home, the boy was afraid to face his step father. With time going on, they have become good friends. With Mary to help , he is sure to succeed. 虚拟语气类：1) 表条件用于状语：(倒装形式或含蓄式)Were I in school again, I would work harder.Had you been here earlier
12、, you would do well now.Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.Without air, there would be no living things.But for your help, I couldnt have done it.Were it not for your help, I couldnt do it.Had it not been for your help, I couldnt have done it.If only I knew the answer!If only I hadnt l
13、ost it!2) 用于宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句：sb. suggest(advise/recommend/propose/demand/ require/desire/order/request/insist) that sb (should) do /be done 作 advice; suggestion; order; request; demand; proposal 等名词的表语从句或主语从句，谓语动词用(should)+do/be done. e.g We all agree to his suggestion that the plan (should) be
14、carried out in no time. 用于主语从句: a. It is necessary/natural/ important/ strange/ surprising/ a pity/a shame/ that sb (should) do b. It is desired /suggested/ ordered/ advised/ recommended/requested/ required that sb (should )do.3) 用于定语从句： It is(high) time (that) sb should do / sb did. e.g It is (high
15、) time (that) we were going. / should be going.4) 用于状语从句：He speaks as if/ as though he knew everything.He speaks as if/ as though he had studied English in America.情态动词类： 1）ought to/should have done; oughtnt/shouldnt have done need have done; neednt have donecould have done; couldnt have donemight h
16、ave done; would like to have done3) would rather do/ not do 4) would rather sb did/ had done5）表推测 a.肯定 must (could/ may/might) do/ be doing/ have done b.否定cant/(couldnt/may not/might not ) do /be doing/ have done c.疑问Can / Could do/ be doing/ have done?动词时态、语态类典型句式及结构：1） 表愿望、打算一类词，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或
17、意愿： hope; expect; mean; intend; think; suppose; wante.g I had thought that he would be in time for the interview, but in fact he didnt make it. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.2) 固定的句式： 时态：This is/ It is the first time (that) sb have done;This/It was the second time that s
18、b had doneIt has been/ is +时间段+since + sb did.It will/wont be/ take+时间段+before sb do sthIt was(took)/ wasnt (didnt take)+时间段+ before sb did He was about to go out when it began to rain. He was on the point of calling her when she turned up at the meeting. He was working on the physics problem when t
19、he light went out. Hardly/ Scarcely had he got home when the rain poured down. No sooner had he seated himself at the desk than the teacher came in. They hadnt walked for a mile when they were warned of danger ahead. They had just finished their work when he broke in.语态：主动形式表被动意义 He is the only man
20、to blame. / Who is to blame?The machine runs well./ Class begins at eight.(此类词：read; feel; write; wear; wash; open.)Your sentence doesnt sound right./His words proved (to be) right. (系动词类)His telephone number is easy to remember. (sb/ sth +be +形容词+to do)The room wants/needs/ requires cleaning/ to be
21、 cleaned. 从句类：1） 主语从句：It is possible/probable/ likely/certain that sb doIt is said/ reported/thought/ expected/ announced/ believed/decided that sb do=sb is said/reported / thought /expected/believed to doIt seems/happens/appears +that 句子It occurred to/ hit/ stuck/ came to me that he was away on bus
22、iness.It makes no difference /doesnt matter/ matter much whether he will come or not. Does it matter much when he will come here?2) 宾语从句：He took it for granted that she would accept his flowers. You may depend on it that they will support you. We have made it clear that he will not give in. We owe i
23、t to you that I have made such great progress in English. We will see to it that every victim in this Wenchuan Earthquake should be well taken care of. I dont think /believe/ suppose/expect/imagine he is right.（否定前移）What do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine /consider /guess he will say?I doub
24、t if/whether he will win the game. I dont doubt that he will win the game. Do you doubt that he will win the game?3) 状语从句：时间: when, as ,while, before, after, since, until, 一 就: hardlywhen; no soonerthan; as soon as; the moment; the minute; the instant; instantly; immediately; directly ; soon /shortl
25、y/immediately +after 句子(或doing) ( 介词短语：on/upon doing, sb at the thought /sound/sight of 一想/看/听到.)原因 : because ; since; now that; as; 地点： where, wherever条件： if; unless; so(as) long as 只要; on condition that; 让步： though; although; while; whereas; no matter + how/when/who= however/whenever/ whoever ; wh
26、etheror 及： Try as he may, he never seems able to do the work well. Child as he is, he dares to walk alone in the street at night.结果： so that(以致); sothat（如此 以致）; . 目的： so that; in order that; in case;(以免；以防)方式： as if; as though; 比较： asas; not as(so) as ; than; the more , the more; The harder we work,
27、 the greater progress we can make.5) 定语从句：All that can be done has been done.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she would turn for help. He lives in a house whose window/of which the window/ the window of which faces the sea.As has been expected, the England team won the footbal
28、l match.He came late again, which annoyed his teacher.He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.6) 同位语从句分辨：The fact that she hasnt known the result of the examination is clear.The fact (that/which) she told me yesterday is of great importance.句
29、式部分：1） 倒装： In came a girl he had never seen before. 比较：The door opened and in she came. Such are the facts; no one can deny them. Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17. /Seated on the ground are a group of young people/ Gone are the days when we suffered from hunger. Only when the war was over
30、in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. Little does he realize how important this meeting is. Not until I read your letter did I understand the true state of affairs. So moved was she that she could not say a word. Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meet. Child though/ as
31、he is, he knows a lot.2） 强调： Who was it that broke the window? I dont understand why it is that smoking is not allowed here. It was not until he told me the truth that I knew what had happened.3） 感叹句： What fun it is to go hiking in summer! How difficult the task is! How he hated the his boss who tre
32、ats his employees unfairly!4) 祈使句： Make a move, and Ill shoot. = If you make a move, Ill shoot . Go away, or I will call the police.= If you dont go away, I will call the police.5) there be 句型 There are plenty of interesting places to visit. There must be no time wasted. There will be more than thre
33、e hundred scientists attending the meeting . There +情态动词+be e.g There must / cant / should /used to be many fires in that factory. There +系动词+ to bee.g There happen /seem/ appear to be nobody in the room. There stands (lived, lies, exists)+ 主语 e.g There stands a big tree on the top of the mountain.
34、There lies a lake in the west of the park. There goes(comes, enters, appears, follows) + 主语 e.g There came many visitors at our school last Sunday. There goes the bell. There is+no need /time/ chance(for sb) to do e.g There is no chance for me to talk with him. There is no doubt that There is no use
35、/ point/ sense (in) doing“做某事没用或没有意义”。 There is no doing “不可能;无法;没有办法”e.g There is no knowing how long he might be away. There is no joking about such matters.6) 形容词三级常见句型：原级： as adj as/ not so(as) adj ase.g Some stones in the Pyramid weigh as much as 15 tons. This test is not so/ as difficult as th
36、at one. the same (n) ase.g China is no longer the same country as it used to be. times as +adj .as e.g The new bridge being built will be three times as long as the old one. times the size of e.g Your bag is three times the size of mine. as +adj / adv. as possible = as +adj/ adv. sb can / could 尽可能怎
37、样地e.g Ill tell you the results as soon as possible. 比较级：be times +adj(er) than Your bag is three times larger than mine. be +adj(er) than any other + n (单数)Japan has a larger population than any country in Africa.China has a lager population than any other country in the world. be +adj(er) than any
38、of the other+ n (复数)Tom is taller than any of the students in his class. be +adj (er) than anybody(anything) else in (of)Tom is taller than anybody else in his class. the +adj(er) of the two(n)Mr Wang is the more experienced of the two engineers in the company. be (get; turn; become) +adj(er) and ad
39、j(er)Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful and prosperous. The+ adj(er). ,the adi(er)The higher one aims, the faster he develops his talents and the more he contributes to society.最高级： Canada is the second largest country in the world. Of all the novels that Ive ever read, I enjoy this one the
40、 most.7) it 的几个易混句型： It is/ has been +时间段+ since + sb did It will (wont) be (take) + 时间段+ before + sb do It was(wasnt) / took( didnt take) + 时间段+ before + sb did It was +时间点+when +sb did（时间状语从句）e.g It was five oclock when I saw him. It is/ was +时间状语+that + 句子（强调句型） e.g It was at five oclock that I s
41、aw him. It wasnt until . that 直到才其他：1） There is some/ much /great/ little/no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth2） What /How about doing sth?3） be/ get/become used /accustomed to sth/doing sth.4） 除了干外别无选择； 不得不have no choice/alternative but to do /can do nothing but do/ cant (help) but do/There is noth
42、ing we can do but do sth5) 禁不住干某事 cant help /resist doing6) chance 的句型：The chance is that= Chances are that. 能; 大概是e.g The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking. There is a chance that There are chances that /There is a chance of sb doing sth.可能7) before sb could do /did 还没来得及就; 以后
43、才; 不等就She hung up the telephone before I could answer it. They came to a small village before they knew /realized it.不知不觉就来到了一个小村。操练：1）_(还不得而知) whether it will do us good or harm. (it; remain)2) Do you consider _( 有益处) cut down trees just for wood. (benefit)3)He _(被相信已任命为)ambassador to the France.(
44、believe)4)We are looking forward to the 29th Olympic Games _（2008年在北京举办）（hold）5) At the very beginning ,he was not aware of the difficulty _(他向这家公司申请这份工作). ( apply)6) _（什么使之成为可能）that nobody in this village died in the terrible earthquake? (it)7）I am terribly sorry for _(让你等这么长的时间). (keep)8) The man
45、_（被当场抓住偷一位妇女的钱包）was taken to the police station. ( catch)9) Here are the boys _(经常看见在一起踢足球) (see)10)Please lend me a pen _（写封信）.( write)11)He rose and stood on the bench _(为了让别人看见他). (as; himself)12)When _（问到他一个星期不抽烟是否能行），he nodded his head.（go）13)Deeply_(被他的一席话打动了)，we accepted his donation.(move)14)_(没有承认打破了玻璃)，he felt guilty. (break)
