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1、He has gone to Shanghai.他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。,比较 have/has been to have/has gone to,He went to Shanghai last week.,他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了,他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里,上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海,He has been to Shanghai.,He has gone to Shanghai.,He has been
2、 in Shanghai for 10 years.,他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢,辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别,现在完成时（三）,现在完成时,构成,用法,常用状语,have+动词过去分词has+动词过去分词,表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在,for+一段时间since+过去某一时间,现在完成时:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态,强调的是现在的情况,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用(如:in 1990,last Sunday 等)。,The car has arrived.车子来了。
3、Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。,现在完成时,have/has+v-ed(过去分词),(结果:车子已在门口),(结果:窗户仍破着),现在完成时句子通常有since,for,in the past few months/years等词做时间状语。肯定形式：have/has+done 否定形式：have/has+not+done一般疑问句：have或has放于句首。,now,past,future,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响
4、,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,2）一般过去时 现在完成时,一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week，ago,in1990,in October,just now,-具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,
5、till/until,up to now,in the past few years,recently,-模糊的时间状语,（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,since 用来说明动作起始时间“自从”for用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”I have lived here for twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a com
6、pany since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比较since和for,3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。,三年前我成为了一名老师。I became a teacher three years ago.我当老师三年了。I have been a teacher for three year
7、s.,短暂性动词转延续性动词：,borrowdiemarrycomebecome,keepbe deadbe marriedbe herebe,短暂性动词转延续性动词：,beginbuyfinishgoleavejoin,be onhavebe overbe therebe away frombe in,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,He bought a computer last week.,He has had a computer since last week.He has had a computer for a week.,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,She borrowed a
8、book in July.She borrowed a book two months ago.,She has kept the book since July.She has kept the book for two months,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,His grandfather died in 2004.His grandfather died four years ago.,His grandfather has been dead since 2004.His grandfather has been dead for four years.,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,
9、The orchestra arrived in Dalian last week.The orchestra arrived in Dalian a week ago.,The orchestra has been in Dalian since last week.The orchestra has been in Dalian for a week.,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,The film started at 7 oclock.,The film has been on since 7 oclock.The film has been on for half an hour.,L
10、ets review!,单项选择。,I _ a teacher for ten years.A.am B.have been C.be2.I _ the last page of the book last night.A.read B.have read C.am reading3.He _ the Army in 1999.A.has joined B.joins C.joined4.Project Hope _ 2,000,000 people since 1989.A.trained B.has trained C.train5.Mary and Jack _ each other for nearly 12 years.A.know B.knew C.have known6.Its important for me _ a good mark in the exam.A.to get B.get C.getting,
